This document discusses different types of ecological relationships between living things: Interspecific relationships include cooperative relationships like mutualism, competitive relationships where different species compete for resources, and exploitative relationships where one species uses another as a resource, such as through predation, parasitism, or herbivory. Intraspecific relationships within species can include competition for resources or mates, cooperation for tasks like finding food or protecting young, and relationships around sharing reproduction or protection.

1. FOOD CHAIN VS FOOD WEB

2. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID

3. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONS

4. INTERACTION WITH THE
ENVIRONMENT

5. INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONS

6. INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONS
Are those relationships that occur between living
things of different species, they can be:
 Cooperative
 Competitive
 Exploitative
 Commensal

7. Cooperative: Mutualism
Each species reproduces more
successfully because they are in
this relationship - if they weren't
in this relationship they'd be less
successful.

8. Competitive
Individuals from different species
are in direct competition for a
particular resource. Each are
negatively impacted by the
presence of the other. Thus,
the reproductive fitness of both
species are reduced.

9. Exploitative
Individuals from one species are getting or using the other
as a resource for their survival, there are 3 main ways of
exploitative relations:
 Predation
 Parasitism
 Herbivory

10. Predation:
 One of the living things
hunts and feeds from the
other.

11. Parasitism:
 One organism lives on/in a host and uses it as a source of shelter and food
without killing it, they can be endoparasites or ectoparasites.

12. Herbivory
 Herbivores exploit plants by eating particular parts of the
plant.

13. Commensal - Commensalism
Relationship where one species benefits (increased
reproductive success) and the other is unaffected.

14. INTRASPECIFIC RELATIONS
 Competition
 Cooperation
 Resources
 Reproduction
 Protection

15. REPRODUCTION

16. RESOURCES

17. PROTECTION