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Slides linked to The Ethical Business, Mellahi, Morrell & Wood
                         Book. 2nd Ed.
Introduction
                    
Ethics: is a branch of philosophy that
 involves systematizing, defending, and
 recommending concepts of right and wrong
 conduct
Ethics: Doing what is good & what is bad.
Business Ethics: right/wrong, good/bad &
 desirable non-desirable in business world.
It’s the study of Business from an ethical
 point of view. For example, in marketing ,
 environmental issues, working conditions,
 accounting, employee treatments
Why is Ethics Important?
                    
Valuable in todays fast changing environment
Without a sense of community and
 cooperation there would be no firms.
Without individual and corporate virtue to
 benefit society all success would be empty.
Society has a reaction against unethical
 business practices.
Class Activity
                          
A tobacco company that gives a percentage of
its revenue to the orphanage as a charity.


Does that make it an ethical business?

Think of other businesses
(e.g. counterfeit, smuggling, trafficking, and arms)
Moral Theories
              
It explains why people behave differently
 from each other and different situations.
Moral theories are meant to help us figure out
 what actions are right and wrong.
It could provide a guidance to people in
 business and how to behave.
There are many types of Moral theories, in
 this class we will discuss only 6.
1. Utilitarianism
                       
Consequentialist.
Reasoning from consequences.
Rightness of an act is linked to goodness of
 the result.
If the result of the action benefits the majority
 of people, it is ethical.
EXAMPLE: Smoking in public is bad
 because it will harm majority of people.
2. Deontology
                      
Non-Consequentialist
Reasoning from duty or rules
When we follow our rules, we are behaving
 morally. When we fail to follow our rules, we
 are behaving immorally. We cannot change
 what is right based upon the outcome.
The rightness of an act is linked with a rule.
EXAMPLE: I will not lie because it’s against
 the law, even if it will save someone's life.
3. Virtue
                    
Reasoning based on a person’s
 character, values and conscience
People follow this theory usually ask "What
 sort of person should I be?“
Their actions are influenced by values.
EXAMPLE: I don’t lie because I’m an honest
 person. For me a liar is a ‘bad’
 person, therefore, I cannot lie.
4. Moral Relativism
                      
Morality is a matter of religion, culture,
 tradition, norms and customs.
Good and bad differs from place to another.

Class Activity:
In teams discuss an issue where it could be
viewed as ethical in one place and unethical in
another.
5. Rights-based approaches
                         
There are universal rights for everyone.
   Right to live, to be respected and treated fairly
    etc.
This theory affected policies in USA and UK
   during 80s.
It helped protecting the interest of individuals
   against powers of corporations.
Example: People have the right to live in a
clean environment, factories should not create
pollution.

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ethics theories

  • 1. Slides linked to The Ethical Business, Mellahi, Morrell & Wood Book. 2nd Ed.
  • 2. Introduction  Ethics: is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct Ethics: Doing what is good & what is bad. Business Ethics: right/wrong, good/bad & desirable non-desirable in business world. It’s the study of Business from an ethical point of view. For example, in marketing , environmental issues, working conditions, accounting, employee treatments
  • 3. Why is Ethics Important?  Valuable in todays fast changing environment Without a sense of community and cooperation there would be no firms. Without individual and corporate virtue to benefit society all success would be empty. Society has a reaction against unethical business practices.
  • 4. Class Activity  A tobacco company that gives a percentage of its revenue to the orphanage as a charity. Does that make it an ethical business? Think of other businesses (e.g. counterfeit, smuggling, trafficking, and arms)
  • 5. Moral Theories  It explains why people behave differently from each other and different situations. Moral theories are meant to help us figure out what actions are right and wrong. It could provide a guidance to people in business and how to behave. There are many types of Moral theories, in this class we will discuss only 6.
  • 6. 1. Utilitarianism  Consequentialist. Reasoning from consequences. Rightness of an act is linked to goodness of the result. If the result of the action benefits the majority of people, it is ethical. EXAMPLE: Smoking in public is bad because it will harm majority of people.
  • 7. 2. Deontology  Non-Consequentialist Reasoning from duty or rules When we follow our rules, we are behaving morally. When we fail to follow our rules, we are behaving immorally. We cannot change what is right based upon the outcome. The rightness of an act is linked with a rule. EXAMPLE: I will not lie because it’s against the law, even if it will save someone's life.
  • 8. 3. Virtue  Reasoning based on a person’s character, values and conscience People follow this theory usually ask "What sort of person should I be?“ Their actions are influenced by values. EXAMPLE: I don’t lie because I’m an honest person. For me a liar is a ‘bad’ person, therefore, I cannot lie.
  • 9. 4. Moral Relativism  Morality is a matter of religion, culture, tradition, norms and customs. Good and bad differs from place to another. Class Activity: In teams discuss an issue where it could be viewed as ethical in one place and unethical in another.
  • 10. 5. Rights-based approaches  There are universal rights for everyone.  Right to live, to be respected and treated fairly etc. This theory affected policies in USA and UK during 80s. It helped protecting the interest of individuals against powers of corporations. Example: People have the right to live in a clean environment, factories should not create pollution.