Overview of Ruby 2.1 features

1. JUICY RUBY 2.1
David Paluy
Founder of Azorly
@dpaluy
blog: david.paluy.org
Jan 2014

2. AGENDA
•
Overview
•
Performance
•
Internal Improvements
•
Should we migrate?

3. POLL
•
Ruby 1.8.7
•
JRuby
•
Rubinius
•
Ruby 1.9.2 -1.9.3
•
Ruby 2.0.0
•
Ruby 2.1.0

4. RUBY 2.1OVERVIEW
•
Refinements
Advice: Don’t use it, unless you really need it!

5. RUBY 2.1OVERVIEW
•
Decimals
!
•
Required Keyword Arguments

6. RUBY 2.1 OVERVIEW
Method Definition returns Method Name
•
!
StringScanner supports Named Captures
•
(check references)

7. PERFORMANCE -
HOW TO MEASURE
but better use:

8. HOW TO MEASURE - HITIMES
gem install hitimes

9. RUBY 2.1 PERFORMANCE
…
Source: http://miguelcamba.com/blog/2013/10/05/benchmarking-the-ruby-2-dot-1-and-rubinius-2-dot-0/

10. RUBY 2.1 INTERNAL
IMPROVEMENTS
•
Profiling support
•
Improved ObjectSpace
•
Improved GC
•
Improved method caching

11. PROFILING SUPPORT - (C API)
stackprof (perftools.rb replacement) https://github.com/tmm1/stackprof
!
!
!
Sampling modes: cpu, wall, :object, :custom
Read more: http://tmm1.net/ruby21-profiling/

13. OBJECTSPACE -
HEAP DEBUGGING UTILITIES

14. RGenGC: Restricted Generational
Garbage Collection
New generational GC algorithm permits
Write-barrier (WB) protected objects AND
WB un-protected object in the same heap

16. RGenGC - Key Idea
•
Separate Objects
!
!
•
Shady Object points to new Object?
We don’t know!
•
Decide at Creation
Class cares about WB and don’t cares about non-WB
•
Normal objects can be changed to Shady objects

17. OLDGEN AND MINOR MARKING
!
!
•
Only protected objects can be promoted to oldgen
•
Unprotected objects cannot be promoted, but if referenced from oldgen
they are added to a remembered set.
•
Minor marks are much faster because they only have to traverse references
from the remembered set

18. TUNING THE GC IN RUBY 2.1
Memory allocation → GC
•
Every time allocate n size memory (call malloc(n))
increase malloc_increase with n
•
If malloc_increase > malloc_limit, then cause GC
!
Adaptive tuning
•
If malloc_increase exceeds malloc_limit, then increase malloc_limit
(by a factor of GC_MALLOC_LIMIT_GROWTH_FACTOR) up to
GC_MALLOC_LIMIT_MAX

20. GC ENVIRONMENT PARAMS

21. GITHUB TWEAKS

23. METHODS CACHE
Ruby 2.1 introduces a hierarchical class cache similar
to the what Rubinius and JRuby use
Aman Gupta:
“Early numbers show up to 5-10% improvements”
!
More improvements in Ruby 2.2

24. PRODUCTION READY?
•
breaks the faraday gem
•
affects the sass gem
•
segv inside active_support_4 and other gems
•
Performance Patches by funny-falcon

25. PRODUCTION READY?
!
!
Aman Gupta’s summary:
https://gist.github.com/tmm1/8393897
Github uses Ruby 2.1 in Production

26. REFERENCES
•
Konstantin Haase - http://rkh.im/ruby-2.1
•
Aaron Patterson - https://practicingruby.com/articles/parsing-json-the-hard-way?u=90296723ac
•
Hitimes - https://github.com/copiousfreetime/hitimes
•
Ruby Benchmark - https://github.com/acangiano/ruby-benchmark-suite
•
Aman Gupta:
production summary - https://gist.github.com/tmm1/8393897
Ruby 2.1 - http://tmm1.net/ruby21/
•
Koichi Sasada - http://rvm.jp/~ko1/activities/rubyconf2013-ko1_pub.pdf
•
James Golick - http://jamesgolick.com/2013/4/14/mris-method-caches.html

27. THANK YOU!
@DPALUY