The revolutionary Biophotonic Scanner is an important new adjunct to the prevention of occurrence and progression of macular degeneration of the eye.

1. Extraordinary Science…Simplified The BioPhotonic Scanner in Clinical Practice

2. Antioxidants Vitamin C Vitamins * Enzymes * Minerals Coenzyme Q10 Manganese

3. Creation of Free Radicals

4. Antioxidants Neutralize Free Radicals

7. E Skin Carotenoids Measured all-trans-.beta.-carotene alpha.-carotene 7,7' dihydro-.beta.-carotene septapreno-.beta.-carotene lycopene phytoene phytofluene rhodoxanthin. astaxanthin canthaxanthin zeaxanthin , beta.-apo-8'-carotenal violaxanthin lutein

8. Each 1000 unit of a scan score represents .04 mcg of carotenoid per milliliter of blood. 10,000 - 19,000 20,000 - 29,000 30,000 - 39,000 40,000 - 49,000 50,000+ What’s Your Score ?

9. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial of High-Dose Supplementation With Vitamins C and E, Beta Carotene, and Zinc for Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Vision Loss Design The Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an 11-center double-masked clinical trial, enrolled participants in an AMD trial if they had extensive small drusen, intermediate drusen, large drusen, noncentral geographic atrophy, or pigment abnormalities in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye. At least 1 eye had best-corrected visual acuity of 20/32 or better. Participants were randomly assigned to receive daily oral tablets containing: (1) antioxidants (vitamin C, 500 mg; vitamin E, 400 IU; and beta carotene, 15 mg); (2) zinc, 80 mg, as zinc oxide and copper, 2 mg, as cupric oxide; (3) antioxidants plus zinc; or (4) placebo. Results Average follow-up of the 3640 enrolled study participants, aged 55-80 years, was 6.3 years, with 2.4% lost to follow-up. Comparison with placebo demonstrated a statistically significant odds reduction for the development of advanced AMD with antioxidants plus zinc (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 99% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.98). Participants with extensive small drusen, nonextensive intermediate size drusen, or pigment abnormalities had only a 1.3% 5-year probability of progression to advanced AMD. Odds reduction estimates increased when these 1063 participants were excluded (antioxidants plus zinc: OR, 0.66; 99% CI, 0.47-0.91; zinc: OR, 0.71; 99% CI, 0.52-0.99; antioxidants: OR, 0.76; 99% CI, 0.55-1.05). Both zinc and antioxidants plus zinc significantly reduced the odds of developing advanced AMD in this higher-risk group. The only statistically significant reduction in rates of at least moderate visual acuity loss occurred in persons assigned to receive antioxidants plus zinc (OR, 0.73; 99% CI, 0.54-0.99). No statistically significant serious adverse effect was associated with any of the formulations. Conclusions Persons older than 55 years should have dilated eye examinations to determine their risk of developing advanced AMD. Those with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least 1 large drusen, noncentral geographic atrophy in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye, and without contraindications such as smoking, should consider taking a supplement of antioxidants plus zinc such as that used in this study. October, 2001;119:1417-1436

10. New Nationwide Study Will Evaluate Effect of Antioxidants and Fish Oil on the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) This new study, called the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2), will build upon results from the earlier Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). It will involve 4,000 participants with age-related macular degeneration who will be evaluated at over 100 clinical centers. AREDS2 will refine the findings of the original study by adding lutein and zeaxanthin (plant-derived yellow pigments that accumulate in the macula, the small area responsible for central vision near the center of the retina) and the omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA (derived from fish oils) to the study formulation. The main study objective is to determine if these nutrients will decrease a person's risk of progression to advanced AMD, which often leads to vision loss. Study begins 2008

11. The Relationship of Dietary Carotenoid and Vitamin A, E, and C Intake With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Case-Control Study Objective To evaluate the relationship of dietary carotenoids, vitamin A, alpha-tocopherol, and vitamin C with prevalent age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Methods Demographic, lifestyle, and medical characteristics were ascertained on 4519 AREDS participants aged 60 to 80 years at enrollment. Stereoscopic color fundus photographs were used to categorize participants into 4 AMD severity groups and a control group (participants with < 15 small drusen). Nutrient intake was estimated from a self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at enrollment. Intake values were energy adjusted and classified by quintiles. The relationship between diet and AMD status was assessed using logistic regression analyses. Results Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin intake was inversely associated with neovascular AMD (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.93), geographic atrophy (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24-0.86), and large or extensive intermediate drusen (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96), comparing the highest vs lowest quintiles of intake, after adjustment for total energy intake and nonnutrient-based covariates. Other nutrients were not independently related to AMD. Conclusion Higher dietary intake of lutein/zeaxanthin was independently associated with decreased likelihood of having neovascular AMD, geographic atrophy, and large or extensive intermediate drusen. September, 2007;125(9):1225-1232

12. Seven Year Daily Folic Acid Plus B-Vitamins May Reduce AMD in Women With Heart Disease Design To evaluate the effect of a combination of folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 in reducing the incidence of age-related macular degeneration in women with heart disease or at risk for heart disease. Methods 8,171 women, age 40 or older, with or at high risk for cardiovascular disease were randomized to vitamin E, vitamin C, beta carotene, or placebo. Of this group, 5,442 women were also subsequently randomized to folic acid (2.5 mg/d), vitamin B6 (50 mg/d), and vitamin B12 (1 mg/d), or placebo. Results The Women’s Antioxidant Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study (WACS) found that the combination of folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 reduced the risk of age-related macular degeneration by 34 percent and the risk of visually significant AMD by 41 percent over seven years of treatment and follow-up. Conclusions Women at risk for cardiovascular disease should supplement their diet with preventative amounts of folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12. May, 2007 Meeting; Presentation

13. Dietary Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk for Age-related Macular Degeneration Design To evaluate the relationship between omega n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intake and prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the AREDS study. Methods AREDS participants aged 60 to 80 years at enrollment (n=4,513) were included in this case-control study. Subjects completed a self-administered 90-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at enrollment. Multivariable models were also analyzed with categories of fish intake as the primary predictor variable, since n-3 LCPUFAs are predominantly concentrated in marine products. Results The risk for neovascular AMD was significantly decreased for higher levels of n-3 LCPUFA intake and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Higher total fish consumption (> 2 servings of fish/week) was associated with a decreased risk for neovascular AMD.This relationship also existed for one or more four-ounce weekly servings of broiled/baked fish or tuna. Conclusions Higher intake of n-3 LCPUFAs and fish was associated with decreased risk of having neovascular AMD after adjusting for nutrient- and nonnutrient-based predictors and correlates of AMD. May, 2003 Meeting; Presentation

14. Carotenoids and Antioxidants in Age-Related Maculopathy Italian Study: Multifocal Electroretinogram Modifications after 1 Year Design To evaluate the influence of short-term carotenoid and antioxidant supplementation on retinal function in nonadvanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Twenty-seven patients with nonadvanced AMD and visual acuity ≥0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution were enrolled and randomly divided into 2 age-similar groups: 15 patients had oral supplementation of vitamin C (180 mg), vitamin E (30 mg), zinc (22.5 mg), copper (1 mg), lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (1 mg), and astaxanthin (4 mg) (AZYR SIFI, Catania, Italy) daily for 12 months. Twelve patients had no dietary supplementation during the same period. Results There were highly significant differences in electroretinogram activity of the central retina between the two groups at the end of twelve months with partial recovery of normal ERG levels in subjects with oral supplementation as provided by the study. Conclusions In nonadvanced AMD eyes, a selective dysfunction in the central retina (0°–5°) can be improved by the supplementation with carotenoids and antioxidants. No functional changes are present in the more peripheral (5°–20°) retinal areas. February, 2008; 115(2):324-333

15. Dietary Intake of Antioxidants and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Objective To investigate whether regular dietary intake of antioxidants is associated with a lower risk of incident AMD. Design Dietary intake was assessed at baseline in the Rotterdam Study (1990-1993) using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Setting Population-based cohort of all inhabitants aged 55 years or older in a middle-class suburb of Rotterdam, the Netherlands; 4170 with reliable dietary data participated in the follow-up. Results Incident AMD occurred in 560 participants after a mean follow-up of 8.0 years (range, 0.3-13.9 years). Dietary intake of both vitamin E and zinc was inversely associated with incident AMD. An above-median intake of all 4 nutrients, beta carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, and zinc, was associated with a 35% reduced risk (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.92) of AMD. Exclusion of supplement users did not affect the results. Conclusion In this study, a high dietary intake of beta carotene, vitamins C and E, and zinc was associated with a substantially reduced risk of AMD in elderly persons. December, 2005;294:3101-3107

16. Antioxidants and the Eye AREDS 1 : Vitamin C & E, beta-carotene, zinc AREDS 2 : lutein, zeaxantihin, omega-3s (in progress) ARVO 2007 : Vitamins B6 & B12, folic acid Archives Oph, 2003 : Omega 3 fatty acids PROTECTIVE EFFECTS AGAINST MACULAR DEGENERATION

17. The Choice of Supplements Name Form Guaranteed Absorption Antioxidant Protection Obtain Monthly Centrum Silver Pill No Poor Pharmacy Grocery $8 ICaps Ocuvite Pill No Fair Pharmacy Grocery Office $20 MacularProtect Plus Capsule No Fair - Good Office $40 Lifepak Nano Capsule Yes Excellent Office $125 * g3 Liquid Yes Excellent Office $125 *

18. The Choice of Supplements Name Form Guaranteed Absorption Antioxidant Protection Obtain Monthly Centrum Silver Pill No Poor Pharmacy Grocery $8 ICaps Ocuvite Pill No Fair Pharmacy Grocery Office $20 MacularProtect Plus Capsule No Fair - Good Office $40 Lifepak Nano Capsule Yes Excellent Office $125 * g3 Liquid Yes Excellent Office $125 *

19. Why are these absorbed better ? Bioavailability

20. Why are these absorbed better ? LipoNutrient Mixture LipoNutrient Mixture Bioavailability

21. Why are these absorbed better ? LipoNutrient Mixture LipoNutrient Mixture Nano Encapsulation Bioavailability

23. Cili Fruit Cili fruit has 60 times more vitamin C than an orange, giving it the title of &quot;King of Vitamin C.&quot; In addition, cili fruit contains vitamins B1, B2, and B11, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Siberian Pineapple Siberian pineapple is rich in vitamin C, carotenoids and flavonoids and has been shown in a preclinical study to benefit cardiovascular health, healthy liver function and the immune system while protecting the integrity of the mitochondria from oxidative stress. Chinese lycium helps promote cellular rejuvenation by protecting DNA and by acting as an antioxidant. This fruit contains 40 times more of the eye-healthy carotenoid zeaxanthin than yellow corn. Chinese Lycium Gấc is known as the &quot;fruit from heaven&quot; by the indigenous people of southern Asia. While this fruit has long been prized in the region for its ability to promote longevity and vitality, modern research shows it contains unusually concentrated amounts of a unique and highly-bioavailable form of carotenoids called lipocarotenes™. These long-chain fatty acids attract and bind important antioxidants and help facilitate their absorption. Science has also demonstrated that lycopene, beta carotene, and other potent antioxidants found in the gấc fruit provide strong cellular protection throughout the body. Gram for gram, gấc fruit provides 70 times more lycopene than a tomato and 10 times more beta-carotene than a carrot. Gấc