1.
The Museum Visitor of 2017: The Impact of the Internet Age on Labels, Exhibit Design and Digital Media Dana Allen-Greil New Media Project Manager Smithsonian National Museum of American History Cia Romano Founder and Senior Usability Researcher Interface Guru ® Dik Daso, PhD Curator of Modern Military Aircraft Smithsonian Air and Space Museum Session Chair: Victoria Portway Chair, Interactive Media and Electronic Outreach Smithsonian National Air and S pace M useum Prepared for Smithsonian’s Mutual Concerns of Air and Space Museums Washington, DC 2008

2.
<ul><li>Dana Allen-Greil New Media Project Manager Smithsonian National Museum of American History </li></ul><ul><li>Cia Romano Senior Usability Researcher and Founder Interface Guru ® - Research for Web user experience </li></ul><ul><li>Dik Daso, PhD Curator of Modern Military Aircraft Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum </li></ul><ul><li>Victoria Portway Chair, Interactive Media and Electronic Outreach Smithsonian National Air and S pace M useum </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: The panel

3.
<ul><li>Dana Allen-Greil: Audience trends and demographics </li></ul><ul><li>Cia Romano: Visitor expectations and post-Internet media usage </li></ul><ul><li>Dik Daso, PhD: IT, interactives, & the Web...every curator’s nightmare! </li></ul><ul><li>Discussion: How can you prepare for 2017? </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Today’s topics

4.
<ul><li>Dana Allen-Greil New Media Project Manager </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Managing Web sites professionally since 2000 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Currently researching and developing Smithsonian universal design guidelines for computer-based interactives </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>M.A. in Museum Studies from The George Washington University </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Going to AAM this year? Come to my session: &quot;Making Everyone a Winner: Universal Design of Multimedia&quot; on Tuesday, April 29 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>[email_address] </li></ul></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: About Smithsonian National Museum of American History

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<ul><li>Cia Romano Chief Executive Officer and Founder </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Senior Usability Researcher, developing Web sites since 1994 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Evangelist for the end user </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Developed the widely disseminated Usable Times 5 criteria for ranking computer screen effectiveness; developed the Digital Interactive Guidelines (2007) for touchscreen interactives in museums </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Frequent presenter at national conferences </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>cia@interfaceguru.com </li></ul></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: About Interface Guru

6.
<ul><li>Dik Daso, PhD Curator of Modern Military Aircraft </li></ul><ul><ul><li>USAF (retired), RF-4C Phantom, F-15 Eagle, T-38 Talon </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Instructor of history at the USAF Academy </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Author of four books on military history </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>[email_address] </li></ul></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: About Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum

7.
Audience Trends: Dana Allen-Greil

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Is the museum visit being rendered obsolete by technology? Source: Michael Mouw and Daniel Spock, “Immersive Media: Creating Theatrical Storytelling Experiences,” in The Digital Museum: A Think Guide , 2007. Photo: National Museum of American History, America on the Move . <ul><li>“ People continue to find value in traveling to the actual museum … When it comes to new media, museums will be most effective when they use electronic technology in ways that accentuate their unique role as three-dimensional, geographically located places that bring together real people and real things .” </li></ul>

9.
Museums as trusted sources in the Internet age Source: Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), InterConnections: A National Study of Users and Potential Users of Online Information . 2008. <ul><li>Public libraries and museums are thriving in the Internet Age as trusted providers of information to people of all ages. </li></ul><ul><li>The Internet is not replacing in-person visits to libraries and museums and may actually increase them . </li></ul><ul><li>Museums, libraries, and the Internet serve to complement each other . </li></ul>

10.
Online collections Source: Paul F. Marty, &quot;Museum Websites and Museum Visitors: Before and After the Museum Visit.“ 2007. Photo (Top): Curtiss JN-4D Jenny, Smithsonian Institution, National Air and Space Museum. <ul><li>“ If visitors can access our digital collections using the Internet, will they still come to the museum in person ?” </li></ul><ul><li>“ If people can look at pictures of beaches online, will they still vacation in Florida ?” </li></ul>

11.
Physical and virtual visits complement each other Chart: The number of remote online visits is positively correlated with the number of in-person visits to museums and public libraries. (2007) <ul><li>A 2005 study found that: 70% of museum visitors specifically look for online information prior to a museum visit </li></ul><ul><li>57% say the information they found online increased their desire to visit the museum in person. </li></ul><ul><li>Online visitors use museum Web sites to: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>plan visits to physical museums </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>learn more about museums after a visit </li></ul></ul>Source: Paul F. Marty, &quot;Museum Websites and Museum Visitors: Before and After the Museum Visit.“ 2007. Chart: Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), InterConnections: A National Study of Users and Potential Users of Online Information . 2008.

12.
U.S. generations in 2017 18-36 Generation Y/ Millennials , a cohort even larger than the Baby Boomers (80 million) 1981-2000 17 and under Generation Z 2000+ 72-97 Matures (~52 million) 1920-1945 In 2017 will be… Generation Born 1965-1980 1946-1964 37-52 Generation X , about half the size of the Baby Boomers (~46-50 million) 53-71 Baby Boomers (76 million, nearly 1/3 of adult population today)

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The U.S. population is aging… <ul><li>The growth in the number and proportion of older adults is unprecedented in the history of the United States. </li></ul>Source: 2030 Vision: Anticipating the Needs and Expectations of Museum Visitors of the Future, Smithsonian Office of Policy and Analysis, 2007 Charts: Pew Research Center (left); Celent (right).

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…and living longer… <ul><li>Life expectancy in this country has been rising steeply since 1990. </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Born in 1900: 47 years </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Born in 2001: 77 years </li></ul></ul>Source: The State of Aging and Health in America 2007 . Charts: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System.

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…and working longer. <ul><li>In 2011, Baby Boomers will begin to reach traditional retirement age (65). However, more people over 65 are working longer. </li></ul><ul><li>In 2006, nearly 30% of Americans ages 65 to 69 belonged to the workforce (up from 18% in 1985). </li></ul>Source: Craig Copeland, “Labor-Force Participation: The Population Age 55 or Older,” EBRI Notes, no. 6 (Employee Benefit Research Institute, June 2007): 1–8.

16.
Baby Boomer strategy: Museums as brain health experiences Sources: 2030 Vision: Anticipating the Needs and Expectations of Museum Visitors of the Future, Smithsonian Office of Policy and Analysis, 2007. and “Personal Trainer for the Brain,” March 14, 2008. Minneapolis-St. Paul Star Tribune. <ul><li>“ The generation that started the fitness craze and popularized nutrition is now turning to brain-healthy foods and brain workouts to retain their cognitive edge and stave off memory loss or dementia.” </li></ul><ul><li>“ A brain healthy day at the museum could include a brain muscle workout from stimulating exhibitions and interactives …” </li></ul>

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Growth of disabled population <ul><li>One out of every five adults (50 million), has a disability or impairment that causes limitations in activities. This is a large and diverse group of people. </li></ul><ul><li>Socioeconomic trends such as aging and other factors (e.g., rising obesity) have contributed to the growth of a disabled population in the U.S. </li></ul><ul><li>“ Museums can expect a higher percentage of older visitors who will have physical accessibility needs in getting through exhibits , reading information , and manually operating interactives .” </li></ul>Sources: 2030 Vision: Anticipating the Needs and Expectations of Museum Visitors of the Future, Smithsonian Office of Policy and Analysis, 2007. Photo: Administration on Aging; NHIS-D, 1994-95. CAM (California Association of Museums) News, January 2008. National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. Source: “Change in Chronic Disability from 1982 to 2004/2005,” PNAS 103, no. 28 (2006).

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Technology and people with disabilities Source: &quot;National Council on Disability Explores Emerging Technology Trends and Provides Strategies for Change,&quot; December 27, 2006. <ul><li>Reported Disability Increases with Age </li></ul><ul><li>“ The more reliant society becomes on technology to perform fundamental aspects of every-day living, how we work, communicate, learn, shop, and interact with our environment, the more imperative it is that people with disabilities have access to that same technology , and the more costly will be the consequences of failure to ensure access.” -John R. Vaughn, National Council on Disabilities chairperson </li></ul>

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Goal: Universal design Source: United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Photo: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. <ul><li>&quot;Universal design&quot; means the design of products, environments, programmes and services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. </li></ul><ul><li>&quot;Universal design&quot; shall not exclude assistive devices for particular groups of persons with disabilities where this is needed. </li></ul>

20.
Why universal design guidelines? Sources: (1 &2) Allen-Greil, Dana. Survey Report: “Guidelines for Designing Computer-Based Interactives in Museums,” 2007.(3) “Learning for Everyone: Creating Making Models Using Universal Design,” Christine Reich, Museum of Science. <ul><li>“ [Guidelines do] put constraints on design, but universal usability is ultimately beneficial to all.” </li></ul><ul><li>“ Guidelines should aim to both set standards for accessibility, and inspire creativity in curators, developers, and media designers.” </li></ul><ul><li>“ Early implementation demonstrated that considering the needs of visitors with disabilities when designing an exhibition created a better experience for everyone .” </li></ul>

21.
State of guidelines in museums Source: Allen-Greil, Dana. Survey Report: “Guidelines for Designing Computer-Based Interactives in Museums,” 2007 Photo: Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American History, America on the Move exhibition.. <ul><li>In a 2007 survey, 90% of respondents reported computer-based interactives in 1 or more of their exhibitions. </li></ul><ul><li>Yet, only 10% of museum practitioners have implemented guidelines for computer-based interactives. A slightly more promising 17% of exhibition or multimedia designers that serve cultural institutions reported having adopted such guidelines. </li></ul>

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Concerns about implementing guidelines Source: Allen-Greil, Dana. Survey Report: “Guidelines for Designing Computer-Based Interactives in Museums,” 2007.

23.
Digital Challenge 1: Increasing complexity Source: &quot;National Council on Disability Explores Emerging Technology Trends and Provides Strategies for Change,&quot; December 27, 2006. Photo: (left) Philips 1500 VCR; (right) Philips DVD Remote. <ul><li>Devices will continue to get more complex to operate before they get simpler. This is already a problem for mainstream users, but even more of a problem for people with cognitive disabilities and people who have cognitive decline due to aging. </li></ul>

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Digital Challenge 2: Digital controls and disabilities Source: &quot;National Council on Disability Explores Emerging Technology Trends and Provides Strategies for Change,&quot; December 27, 2006. Photos: (Top) Microsoft Surface; (Bottom) Apple iPhone <ul><li>Increased use of digital controls (e.g., push buttons used in combination with displays, touch screens , etc.) is creating problems for people with blindness, cognitive, and other disabilities. </li></ul>

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Digital Challenge 3: Miniaturization Source: &quot;National Council on Disability Explores Emerging Technology Trends and Provides Strategies for Change,&quot; December 27, 2006. Photo: (left) Dr. Martin Cooper, father of the mobile phone (fcc.gov); (right) “Zoolander” (2001). <ul><li>The shrinking size of products is creating problems for people with physical and visual disabilities. </li></ul>

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Digital Challenge 4: Automation Source: &quot;National Council on Disability Explores Emerging Technology Trends and Provides Strategies for Change,&quot; December 27, 2006. Photos: (left) Northwestern Airlines Self-Service Check-in; (right) Redbox DVD rental. <ul><li>Increasing use of automated self-service devices , especially in unattended locations, is posing problems for some, and absolute barriers for others. </li></ul>

27.
Digital Challenge 5: Rapid advance of technology outpacing usability Source: &quot;National Council on Disability Explores Emerging Technology Trends and Provides Strategies for Change,&quot; December 27, 2006. <ul><li>The incorporation of new technologies into products is causing products to advance beyond current accessibility techniques and strategies . </li></ul><ul><li>The rapid churn of mainstream technologies, that is, the rapid replacement of one product by another, is so fast that neither assistive technology nor technology-specific accessibility standards are keeping pace . </li></ul>

28.
Digital Challenge 6: Handheld devices Source: &quot;Museums in Transition: Emerging Technologies as Tools for Free-Choice Learning.&quot; Science Museum of Virginia and Gyroscope Inc., November 2006. Photo: SIguide. <ul><li>Handheld devices have their own unique challenges. </li></ul><ul><li>Developing content for devices that quickly go out of date </li></ul><ul><li>Maintenance concerns </li></ul><ul><li>Getting visitors accustomed to using a new and unfamiliar technology </li></ul><ul><li>Social isolation </li></ul><ul><li>Can interfere with use of exhibitions </li></ul>

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Good practices towards universal design Source: “Learning for Everyone: Creating Making Models Using Universal Design,” Christine Reich, Museum of Science <ul><li>Utilize ADA guidelines and standards as a starting point </li></ul><ul><li>Brainstorm ideas for multi-sensory learning experiences </li></ul><ul><li>Pay attention to both access to the experience and access to learning </li></ul><ul><li>Involve people with disabilities as consultants, advisors, and visitors in formative and summative evaluation </li></ul>

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Shifting away from traditional family structure Sources: Census 2000 analyzed by the Social Science Data Analysis Network (SSDAN). U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation.

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Stay tuned <ul><li>The Smithsonian Institution Accessibility program is conducting research on best practices for accessibility and universal design for computer-based interactives. </li></ul><ul><li>The product of this research will be a set of guidelines to supplement the widely-used Smithsonian Guidelines for Accessible Exhibition Design (1996). </li></ul><ul><li>Please contact Dana Allen-Greil with questions or comments at allen-greil@si.edu. </li></ul>

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Visitor expectations and post-Internet media usage: Cia Romano

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<ul><li>Commercial implementations set a high bar </li></ul><ul><li>Digital experiences in personal, professional, and public environments </li></ul><ul><li>Social interaction through technology </li></ul><ul><li>Interaction with digital “persons” during routine transactions </li></ul><ul><li>Simulation - immersive game-like environments in everything from retail to research </li></ul><ul><li>Pervasive Internet -- near-universal access on many types of devices </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017 will have massive exposure to digital interaction

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<ul><li>Lockheed Martin's VR effort at its Ship Air Integration Lab </li></ul><ul><li>Used to design F-35 stealth fighter jets </li></ul><ul><li>Engineers, technicians, pilots, and customers use VR headsets and motion-capture sensors </li></ul><ul><li>Visitors &quot;see&quot; the fighter prototype and believable avatars of each other </li></ul><ul><li>User can design, inspect, practice in virtual space </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Current implementations are creating the future Right, Bell Helicopter’s Design Visualization Center, Fort Worth TX US

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<ul><li>Second Life: A “proof of concept” for immersive environments outside of games </li></ul><ul><li>Museums are experimenting with “virtual visits” - SL lets people do things they can’t do in real life (like fly around a rocket park) </li></ul><ul><li>Creates anticipation for a real-life visit </li></ul><ul><li>International </li></ul><ul><li>Not just for fun: Corporations such as IBM are using it to model business software </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Current implementations are creating the future Right, user “flying” in International Spaceflight Museum, Second Life; over 5 million users; 30-50,000 online at any given time

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<ul><li>Multi-touch technology allows instructive interaction </li></ul><ul><li>Used in highly realistic 2-D environments </li></ul><ul><li>Allows users to manipulate two points </li></ul><ul><li>Illustrates science concepts </li></ul><ul><li>Early version: iPhone, Mac Air </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Current implementations are creating the future Right, demo from Perspective Pixel, Inc.

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<ul><li>Gaming and HD </li></ul><ul><li>Massively multiplayer online games (also called MMOG or simply MMO) </li></ul><ul><li>Video games supporting hundreds or thousands of players simultaneously </li></ul><ul><li>“ Persistent world” </li></ul><ul><li>Allows players to cooperate and compete </li></ul><ul><li>MMOs can allow users to ”interact meaningfully with people around the world&quot; (Wikipedia) </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Current implementations are creating the future Right, World of Warcraft. In 2007, WOW had 8 million subscribers worldwide.

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<ul><li>High-def “humans” in museums </li></ul><ul><li>Interpretation delivered as an interpersonal experience through use of high-def displays initiated by touchscreens </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Current implementations are creating the future Right, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey CA US. Visitors selecting items on a touchscreen “menu” learn about the “real cost” on oceans from a virtual “cook,” “waitress,” and “interpretive staffer” presented full-size on high-def screens

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<ul><li>&quot;I expect high-quality visuals and video with a believable physical component&quot; </li></ul><ul><li>Experiencing interaction related to the artifact while in the museum </li></ul><ul><li>Experiencing a highly realistic version on the Web </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017 expects realistic immersion

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<ul><li>&quot;I can directly participate in a digitally-generated experience with friends or other visitors&quot; </li></ul><ul><li>Interacting with others using technology (simulation of fighter squadron) </li></ul><ul><li>Wayfinding according to his specific interests </li></ul><ul><li>Using a personal device (cell phone) to interact with interpretive material </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017 expects social interaction through technology

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<ul><li>&quot;I will invest time if I think the experience will be worthwhile&quot; </li></ul><ul><li>Constant demand for the visitor's attention = he is harder to attract </li></ul><ul><li>Learning through entertainment </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017 expects purposeful entertainment:

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<ul><li>&quot;I will immediately know how to use it&quot; </li></ul><ul><li>User-centric design is essential </li></ul><ul><li>Exhibitry complies with standards </li></ul><ul><li>Universal design </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017 expects &quot;quick, easy, intuitive&quot;:

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<ul><li>None of these are science fiction any more </li></ul><ul><li>Telepresence </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Visitors come to you from multiple locations, you go to the visitor </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>You jointly present artifacts with other museums in virtual space </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Virtual recreation/simulation of historical events or atmospheric/environmental conditions </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Human augmentation </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Sensors worn on the body or in garments </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Modified vision assistance/heads-up displays, cochlear implants </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Unified pervasive computing </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017 may be able to leverage sophisticated technology

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<ul><li>The mindset of the future audience will be shaped by its exposure to sophisticated technologies. </li></ul><ul><li>Today's exhibitry relies heavily on text -- the same approach in 2017 will fail to engage the user </li></ul><ul><li>Balance the need to tell a story in chronological order with the audience’s desire to create its own experience </li></ul><ul><li>Conduct a field study to examine the effectiveness of current wayfinding and storytelling techniques </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: What is the impact of technology on wayfinding?

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<ul><li>Infrastructure and “futureproofing” are critical </li></ul><ul><li>Discovery: What do we own? What will we need? </li></ul><ul><li>Information backbone and its subsets (public Web site, exhibits, intranet, portal, e-commerce) </li></ul><ul><li>In order to scale over time, technology platforms should employ industry standards </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Avoid customization </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Replace/upgrade outdated databases </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Integration </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>All systems interoperate Partners - what can be leveraged? (Simulations from aircraft manufacturers?) </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Standardization </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Experience will depend on technical decisions made today

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<ul><li>Digital technology requires the best human assets </li></ul><ul><li>Collaborate or die </li></ul><ul><li>Technology will only increase in complexity. You need everyone on board. </li></ul><ul><li>Zero tolerance for non-collaborative people </li></ul><ul><li>Partner with other museums </li></ul><ul><li>Hire/promote the best </li></ul><ul><li>Choose people who are passionate about the mission </li></ul><ul><li>Build strong relationships with outside thinkers </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Experience will depend on management decisions today

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<ul><li>JFK and the space program: “We’re going” </li></ul><ul><li>Technology will not replace iconic artifacts -- instead, it will enhance them and give them context. </li></ul><ul><li>As digital experience becomes more common, authenticity will become even more highly prized </li></ul><ul><li>Until telepresence becomes a reality, there is no such thing as “showing too much” of the museum. Our research shows that visitors are even likelier to plan a visit if they can see what it will be like. </li></ul><ul><li>Nothing replaces the direct experience of an icon. Nothing. </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Address cultural concerns about technology

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<ul><li>The Digital Interactive Guidelines Project </li></ul><ul><li>Research-based best-practices for touchscreens and digital media in museums </li></ul><ul><li>Originated by Cia Romano and Linda Wilson, Director of Research at Shedd Aquarium </li></ul><ul><li>Based on: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Field studies and usability testing at Shedd Aquarium, 2004 - 2006 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Proprietary Usable Times 5 tm methodology for measuring computer screen effectiveness applied to physical spaces </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Wiki at www.digitalinteractiveguidelines.org </li></ul></ul><ul><li>More about usability at www.interfaceguru.com </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: Resources on usable digital media

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IT, interactives, and the Web: Every curator’s nightmare Dik Daso

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Curatorial viewpoint <ul><li>Open-minded to different technologies </li></ul><ul><li>Able to incorporate visitor input — rapidly </li></ul><ul><li>As always—center on the artifact </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Authenticity </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Presentation (theme park vs. museum) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Information transmittal </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Consider creating a “temporal zone” </li></ul>

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Curatorial viewpoint: paradigm shifts <ul><li>What will future “carried devices” be? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Hand held, radio activated, deep information </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>“ iPod-like” downloads--only work in museum </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>A disposable patch for data gathering </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Carry devices—how can we use them? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Information transmittal (basic function) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Enhance the museum experience (music/drama) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Gather data (loiter time, location) and USE IT! </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>This kind of technology already exists </li></ul></ul></ul>

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Information transmittal <ul><li>Relate WWW and exhibit and interactive technology when possible </li></ul><ul><li>Decide how “deep” additional tools will allow the visitor to mine for information </li></ul><ul><li>Realize that “an exhibition is not a book” </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Standardize labeling </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Design to include ADA guidelines where possible </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Way-finding and tour assistance (specialized tours that can be built on the Web page) </li></ul></ul>

53.
Authenticity and labels

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Be NOT afraid to fail... Light box for “Bibles”

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Be NOT afraid to fail... Interactive photo studio setting

56.
Temporal zone plus high-end digital processing

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Authenticity/temporal zone/interactive and a little theater

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How does this work?

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Demonstrate the artifact technology

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Keys for future success <ul><li>Fund information technology UP FRONT & include it in the design phase (include WWW) </li></ul><ul><li>Decide not only HOW it will work, but also WHAT it will do </li></ul><ul><li>What about ongoing costs? </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Visitor will be willing to purchase experience enhancing tools </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Included in entry fee if there is one </li></ul></ul><ul><li>DO NOT BE AFRAID TO FAIL </li></ul>

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Questions?

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Accessibility resources <ul><li>American Association of Museums Everyone’s Welcome </li></ul><ul><li>Association of Science and Technology Center’s Accessible Practices http://www. astc .org/resource/access/ </li></ul><ul><li>Center for Universal Design http://www.design. ncsu . edu/cud/ </li></ul><ul><li>Museum of Science Access web site, http://www. mos .. org/exhibitdevelopment/access </li></ul><ul><li>National Center for Accessible Media. http: //ncam . wgbh .org </li></ul><ul><li>National Park Service http://www. nps . gov/access/ </li></ul><ul><li>Smithsonian Guidelines for Accessible Exhibition Design (1996) http://www. si . edu/opa/accessibility/exdesign/ </li></ul><ul><li>“ Teaching Every Student in the Digital Age: Universal Design for Learning” by David Rose and Anne Meyer. http://www.cast.org </li></ul>

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<ul><li>Dana Allen-Greil Allen-Greil@si.edu </li></ul><ul><li>Cia Romano Cia@interfaceguru.com </li></ul><ul><li>Dik Daso, PhD DasoD@si.edu </li></ul><ul><li>Victoria Portway [email_address] </li></ul>The museum visitor of 2017: The panel This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.