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e
Principles and Practices of Software Production
(CE00003-2)
Assessment Mode: Group Assignment
Students Name: Pankaj Kumar (PT1081128)
Ashutosh Kumar Singh (PT1081138)
Shweta Kumari (PT1081146)
Lecturer Name: Ms. Sulekh Sharma

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1. INTRODUCTION
We are going to develop this software for the “PATNA UNIVERSITY”. They have
large number of library, students and faculty members so, they are facing problems in
manual system to keep record and finding the details related to issuing & returning of
the books So, they wanted to upgrade their library system from manual to computerized
system.
The project “Library Management System” is developed in Win32 console
application, which mainly focuses on basic operations in a library like adding new
member, new books, and updating new information, searching books and members and
facility to borrow and return books.
One of the most important modules of the Library Management System is the
LOGIN module. Each user of the system has its own user name and password. The
librarian has the highest access priority which enables him/her to perform all the
functionalities that exist in the application. The students have the lowest access priority
that only enables them to view the details of books available. Our software is easy to
use novice, casual and expert user because of the attractive screen design & proper
validation for the each field. The software Library Management System has four main
modules.
 Insertion to Database Module – User friendly input screen in which user can
input their data related to the books issue
 Extracting from Database module – Attractive Output Screen through which
user can get the information related to any inquiry.
 Report Generation module – In this section users can get the information about
the borrowed book list & Available book list.
 Search Facility system – In this module user can search for any books and
members of the LMS
2. SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
To achieve the aims & objectives of this project, the main thing is to identify the main features
that involved in the system. In this scenario, there are three types of users; they are student,
librarian & faculties. All these users have to login to the system with separate logins ids and
their respective password. New users can be registered only under librarian concern. A database
is there to store the user details of user & book.

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Functionalities of the Student: Search for the book (by title, author.) & view their account
details
Functionalities of the librarian: Issue / Return books, Add/Delete/search/edit books and
student information, Calculate fines.
Objectives of the system:-
 Develop a system that can replace the manual library management system.
 Develop a database which stores user details and book details with reliable search
facility.
 Administrator, librarian, and users should have separate logins.
 Attractive user interface to navigate through the system with user friendly
environment for the users.
3. PROBLEM BACKGROUND
 Previous System was time wasting because of providing the insufficient features to
students like only one book per students, there is no search engine facility,
sometimes user might be searching for a book that is not available in the library in such
situations people get irritated and waste their time.
 In manual system we generally use the issue cards for issuing the book or if the card
has been lost then we have to make a new card again which take time and till then
student have to wait and search the database again for the student information
which is complicated.
 On the other hand keepinglarge amount of maintenance workers may cost a lot & it will
not be efficient for a library. Manual record keeping is also not a reliable method as
people tend to forget things.
 Modify the details of students/books is large process and may lead prone to errors.
 Accession number of the book is calculated manually by looking up into previous
records which requires a lot of manpower and if the book is lost then the entry of
the book is to be deleted from all the register which is a complex task.
4. PROPOSED SOLUTION
The main thing is to identify the main features that involved in the proposed system. In
this scenario, there are two types of users; they are librarian & student. The advantages
of the computerized system over the manual system are as follows:-
 User friendly interface

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 Fast access to database
 Less error
 More Storage Capacity
 Search facility
 Quick transaction.
 A database is there to store the user details & book details. This information
can be retrieved by the users as per their advantage.
 Anyone can search the system using given specifications & the availability of
the books are updated by the librarian immediately. So there won’t be
unavailability problem regarding the searching criteria.
 All users have separate login details but student can only register their name,
search and request for book but librarian can register students, issue or return
books, add/delete/search/edit books and student info.
All the manual difficulties in managing the Library have been rectified by
implementing computerization
5. Project Planning Control
5.1 Configuration Management: It is a process of controlling changes in system
requirements during the development phases of SDLC. It helps a company to manage
support resources and cost after the system become operational.
5.2 Software Quality Assurance Plan: It encompasses a broad range of concern and
activities that focus on the management of software quality.
5.2.1 Introduction to Software Quality: If the software is meeting all the
specification functional & non-functional or reliable is called quality product.
5.2.2 Software Quality Management: Settle the level of quality achieved in
software, develop the culture and make the standard of software. It totally
depends on 3Cs.
 Continuous improvement.
 Customers satisfaction
 Continue loop of solving problem.
5.6 Risk Management Plan:
Step 1: Risk management planning: deciding how to approach and plan the risk
management activities for the project (Y/N, strategies to be used)

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Step 2: Risk identification: determining which risks are likely to affect a project and
documenting their characteristics
Step 3: Risk Assessment Qualitative risk analysis in which we characterize risks,
analyse them prioritize their effect on project.
Step 4: Complete Risk Register which describe the identified risks, consequences
and their mitigations
5.7 Documentation Standard:
Documentation standards in a software project are important because documents
are the only tangible way of representing the software and the software process.
Following standard we are going to follow for the entire documentation are:
 Font style: Times New Roman, font size 12, heading will be 14 and rest
sub-headings 12 both in “Calibri” style.
 Margin: 1 inch from all sides.
 Indentation: 1 tab for all sub-heading & their sub parts.
 Line Spacing: Line spacing between each line will be 1.5 & total no. of
headings will be only 14.
5.8 Programming Standard:
 Programming Standard are language-specific programming rules that greatly
reduce the probability of introducing errors into the applications.
 It includes the proper commenting in the coding part whatever language we
chosen.
 We have chosen “VB.Net” for creating the system because of its distinctive
features such as inheritance, interface, overloading that makes it object-oriented
programming language. It also includes structure exception handling, custom
attributes, and common language specification (CLS) compliance.
5.9 Communication Mode: It deals with communication or interaction between the
people involved in the system and how they communicate with each other. In our
system LMS we have two users student and librarian in which librarian have high
access priority.
 Student can only login when they registered by the librarian. They can issue
book & return by the librarian.

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 Librarian can add/search /delete / edit books and student to the system. They can
calculate the fine related to book from the students account.
5.10 WBS(Work Breakdown Structure):
5.11 Organization Chart:
Tasks Undertaken
Team Member
Project Leader &
Developer (1)
Developer (2) &
Database
Administrator
Developer (3) &
Documentator &
Designer & Tester
Ashutosh KumarPankaj KumarShweta Kumari
5.11 Gantt chart: A horizontal bar chart that graphically represents the relationships between
the different tasks in a project

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ID Task Name Start Finish Duration
Oct 2012Sep 2012Aug 2012
330 8 246 22181415 11 1928 1312 252318 92 13 26101 28 2025 211529 169 272211 175 19 434 5 16211731 307 76 114 1026 2920 23 12272428
1 4d31-08-201228-08-2012Introduction
2 2d02-09-201201-09-2012ProblemBackground
3 2d04-09-201203-09-2012ProposedSolution
4 2d06-09-201205-09-2012SchedulePlanning
5 3d09-09-201207-09-2012SelectionofMethodology
6 5d14-09-201210-09-2012ProjectPlanningControl
7 2d16-09-201215-09-2012CostEstimation
8 2d18-09-201217-09-2012RiskManagement
9 2d20-09-201219-09-2012ProjectManagement
10 2d22-09-201221-09-2012RequirementAnalysis
11 3d25-09-201223-09-2012ProcessModeling
12 2d27-09-201226-09-2012DataModeling
13 2d29-09-201228-09-2012DataDictionary
14 5d04-10-201230-09-2012
DesignPrinciplesand
Concepts
15 3d07-10-201205-10-2012ArchitecturalDesign
16 3d10-10-201208-10-2012InteractiveScreenDesign
17 3d13-10-201211-10-2012ReportDesign
18 7d20-10-201214-10-2012ProgrammingEnvironment
19 2d22-10-201221-10-2012Testing
20 5d27-10-201223-10-2012OverallDocumentation
5.12 Staffing Plan: The purpose of the staffing plan is to make certain the project has
sufficient staff with the right skills and experience to ensure a successful project
completion
5.13 Resources Allocation:
Resources Description Availability Allocation
1.ManPower No. of members involved in the project. 3 2
2.Material It includes the material which we require to
create our system efficiently
CD, hardware,
software.
CD,software,
hardware
3.Service Internet for the feedback from users. Internet, Books, Internet,
Books,
4.Equipments The equipments which we required to
create the system.
Printer,
computer.
Printer, pen
computer.
5.Time It contains the time taken to complete the
system.
6.Money It is total amount of money we required to

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make the system.
7.Location College project (not needed in our team.) --- -----
6. PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
Project management is a process of planning, monitoring and controlling all the aspects of the
project and motivating all those involved in the process to achieve the project objective on
scheduled time as well as at specified cost, quality and performance. It includes a project plan,
defining project goals or objectives, specifying tasks or how the goals will be achieved, what
resources are needed
Q. why we need to manage our project?
(i). It focuses on the need to manage the interests of various stakeholders to implement a
project successfully.
(ii.) It is always subject to budget and schedule constraints that are set by the organisation
developing the software.
6.1 Characteristics of project management:
 Scope: It define what will be together with this in a project.
 Resource: It defines the objects or the tools essential to complete the project.
 Time: It defines the tasks to be performed according to the program and the period for
which the work resolve continuously.
 Quality: It is extend or difference which is allowed from a preferred standard.
 Risk: It defines what fear a system can face and search for a prior solution to manage all
the risks.
6.2 Task involved in Project Management by our team:
The main tasks which were undertaken by our team for making our project a success
are:-
(1.) Objective of the project – The main goal of our project is to make
“Computerized library management System” online very effective and efficient
and user satisfactory.
(2.)Identify stakeholders – In our system stakeholder will be admin, librarian &
students
(3.)Planning & designing–Firstly we plan and then we start designing part of the
project.

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(4.) Maintain Consistency – LMS should be consistent throughout the project.
(5.) Maintain Accuracy – We all take care about operation would be correct and
ensures that whatever information is coming from the centre must be accurate.
(6.)Schedule planning – We have limit the time constraints and then made the
system.
(7.) Monitoring of task –We have constantly monitored each activity of our system
in terms of cost,f acilities, time and resource usage to minimize error.
(8.) Testing – We have test our system so that all the bugs and errors can be removed
from it and thus the system will be more efficient to use.
6.3 Project planning process:
Analyse the project specification
Establish the project constraints
Make initial assessment of the project parameters
Define project milestones and deliverables
While project has not been completed or cancelled loop
Draw up project schedule
Initiate activities according to schedule
Wait (for a while)
Review project progress
Revise estimates of project parameters
Update the project schedule
Re-negotiate project constraints and deliverables
If (problems arise) then
Initiate technical review and possible revision
End if
End loop
.

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7. SHEDULE PLANNING
Task Duration Milestone/Deliverable
Introduction 20-08-2012 to 20-08-2012
Problem Background 20-08-2012 to 20-08-2012
Proposed Solution 21-08-2012 to 21-08-2012
Schedule Planning 22-08-2012 to 24-08-2012 Milestones Table(M)
Selection of Methodology 23-08-2012 to 28-08-2012
Project Plan 29-08-2012 to 02-09-2012 WBS, Organisation
Chart, Gantt Chart,
Staffing Plan (M)
Cost Estimation 03-09-2012 to 04-09-2012 Cost Estimation
Report(M)
Risk Management 04-09-2012 to 05-09-2012 Risk Estimation
Report(M)
Project Management 05-09-2012 to 07-09-2012
Requirement Analysis 10-09-2012 to 13-09-2012 SRS(M)
Process Modelling 14-09-2012 to 18-09-2012
Data Modelling 19-09-2012 to 21-09-2012
Data Dictionary 24-09-2012 to 25-09-2012
Design Principles & Concepts 26-09-2012 to 27-09-2012
Architectural Design 28-09-2012 to 01-10-2012
Interactive Screen Design 02-10-2012 to 03-10-2012
Report Design 04-10-2012 to 04-10-2012 Design Report(M)
Programming Environment 05-10-2012 to 11-10-2012 Coding Report(M)
Testing 12-10-2012 to 16-10-2012 Testing Report(M)
Overall Documentation 17-10-2012 to 25-10-2012 Documentation
Delivery(D)

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7.2 Pert chart:
28/8/2012 31/8/2012
4 Days1
Introduction
1/9/2012 2/9/2012
2 Days2
Problem Background
3/9/2012 4/9/2012
2 Days3
Proposed Solution
5/9/2012 6/9/2012
2 Days4
Schedule Planning
30/9/2012 4/10/2012
5 Days14
Design Principles and
Concepts
28/9/2012 29/9/2012
2 Days13
Data Dictionary
5/10/2012 7/10/2012
3 Days15
Architectural Design
8/10/2012 10/10/2012
3 Days16
Interactive Screen Design
17/9/2012 18/9/2012
2 Days8
Risk Management
15/9/2012 16/9/2012
2 Days7
Cost Estimation
10/9/2012 14/9/2012
5 Days6
Project Planning Control
7/9/2012 9/9/2012
3 Days5
Selection of Methodology
19/9/2012 20/9/2012
2 Days9
Project Management
21/9/2012 22/9/2012
2 Days10
Requirement Analysis
23/9/2012 25/9/2012
3 Days11
Process Modeling
26/9./2012 27/9/2012
2 Days12
Data Modeling
Start
28/8/2012
PERT CHART
23/10/2012 27/10/2012
5 Days20
Overall Documentation
21/10/2012 22/10/2012
2 Days19
Testing
14/10/2012 20/10/2012
7 Days18
Programme Environment
11/10/2012 13/10/2012
3 Days17
Report Design
Finish
27/10/2012
8. SELECTION OF METHODOLOGY:
8.1 Introduction:
We have selected the RAD (“Rapid Application Development”) to develop our software. It
is way of developing software that uses modern, powerful, developing environments and seeks
to deliver system faster and cheaper but still maintain high quality. Prototyping are especially

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used to design user’s requirement & to design the final system. There are four phases of RAD
are as follows:-
Requirements Planning phase – It combines elements of the system planning and
systems analysis phases of the SDLC. Users, managers, and IT staff members discuss and
agree on business needs, project scope, constraints, and system requirements.
User design phase – During this phase, users interact with systems analysts and develop
models and prototypes that represent all system processes, inputs, and outputs. They use
Joint Application Development (JAD) techniques and CASE tools to translate user needs
into working models.
Construction phase – It focuses on program and application development task similar to
the SDLC. In RAD, however, users continue to participate and can still suggest changes
or improvements as actual screens or reports are developed.
Cutover phase – It resembles the final tasks in the SDLC implementation phase,
compared with traditional methods, the entire process is compressed. As a result, the new
system is built, delivered, and placed in operation much sooner. Its tasks are data
conversion, full-scale testing, system changeover, user training.
8.2 Advantages & Disadvantages of RAD:
Advantages Disadvantages
Time savings on the system
development.
Less time may leads to lower system
quality
Can save time, money and human effort Danger of misalignment of system
developed via RAD due to missing info.
Tighter fit between user requirements
and system specifications
May have inconsistent internal designs
within and across systems
Works especially well where speed of
development is important
Possible violation of programming
standards related to inconsistent naming
conventions & documentation.
Ability to rapidly change systems design
as demanded by users
Difficulty with module reuse for future
systems
System optimized for users involved in
RAD
Lack of scalability designed into system
Concentrates on essential system
elements from user viewpoint
Lack of attention to later systems
administration built into system
Strong user stake and ownership of
system
High cost of commitment on the user

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8.3 Scope of the selected Methodology (“RAD”):
RADis aimed at producing highqualitysoftwareinareasonablyshort spaceoftime. Toachievethis,
processes and guidelines have been formulated to help provide a standard and systematic approach to
rapid software development RAD has four elementary characteristics which include methodology,
people,managementandtools
8.4 How it will be implemented in Library Management System?
In RAD model, we firstly move towards the planning and analysis of the system. We
discuss about the project scope, constraints, and system requirements and finally ends
when the team agrees on the key issues and obtains management authorization to
continue with that design.
In second stage, we interact with user to know their requirement and develop a
prototype that represents all system processes, inputs, and outputs. Then we use a
combination of Joint Application Development (JAD) techniques and CASE tools to
translate user needs into working models. And represent them a user design that allows
them to understand, modify, and eventually approve a working model of the system that
meets their needs.
In third stage we focus on program and application development task so that users
continue to participate and can still suggest changes or improvements in actual screens
& develop a report on that.
In last stage we resemble the final tasks including data conversion, testing, changeover
to the new system, and user training. As a result, the new system is built, delivered, and
placed in operation much sooner. We move towards the tasks which are data
conversion, full-scale testing, system changeover, user training.
9. COST ESTIMATION
9.1Introduction: A software cost estimate process is the set of techniques and
procedures that an organisation uses to arrive at an estimate. It is the process of
predicting the effort and resources required to develop a software system computed on
the basis of available information.
It is needed for the early pricing of the software and Software Price= Cost + Profit.

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9.2 Different Techniques Available
1. Algorithmic cost modelling: A model based on historical cost information that
relates some software Metric (usually its size) to the project cost is used. An
estimate is made of that metric and the model predicts the effort required.
2. Expert Judgement: Several experts on the proposed software development
techniques and the application domain are consulted. They each estimate the
project cost. These estimates are compared and discussed. The estimation process
iterates until an agreed estimate is reached.
3. Estimation by Analogy: This technique is applicable when other projects in the
same application domain have been completed. The cost of a new project is
estimated by analogy with these completed projects. Myers (Myers 1989) gives a
very clear description of this approach.
4. Parkinson’s Law: Parkinson’s Law states that work expands to fill the time
available. The cost is determined by available resources rather than by objective
assessment. If the software has to be delivered in 12 months and 5people are
available, the effort required is estimated to be 60 person-months.
5. Pricing to Win: The software cost is estimated to be whatever the customer has
available to spend on the project. The estimated effort depends on the customer’s
budget and not on the software functionality.
9.3 Selected Technique
Algorithmic cost modelling - COnstructive COst MOdel (COCOMO) : It is a cost
model for estimating the number of person-months required to develop software. The
model also estimates the development schedule in months and produces an effort and
schedule distribution by major phases. This model is based on Barry Boehm's
Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO). This is the top-level model, Basic COCOMO,
which is applicable to the large majority of software projects.
Estimating size using Object points
Object Points:
Objects include screens, reports and modules in third generation programming
languages. Object Points are not necessarily related to objects in Object Oriented
Programming. The numbers of raw objects are estimated, the complexity of each object
is estimated, and the weighted total (Object-Point count) is computed.
Objects can be determined by the standard definitions of screens, reports and 3GL
components in your ICASE environment. Then each object is classified into simple,
medium and difficult complexity levels depending on values of characteristic
dimensions
Estimated Lines of Code
Minimum lines of code, si = 500

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Maximum lines of code, sn=2000
Most likely lines of code, sm=1300
Estimated lines of code = si + sn + 0.67sm
KLOC =3371/1000 = 3.371
Estimating B [disproportionate effort]
Rating [1-5]
Precedentedness 2
Development Flexibility 3
Architecture/Risk Resolution 3
Team Cohesion 2
Process maturity 3
Total 13
B= (sum/100) +1.01
= 0.13+1.01
= 1.14
Estimating M [multiplier reflecting product, process and people attributes]
Cost Drivers Value Rating
Product attributes
Size of application database 1.00 (High)
Complexity of the product 1.00 (Nominal)
Hardware attributes
Run-time performance constraints 1.00 (High)
Memory constraints 1.06 (High)
Personal attributes
Applications experience 1.00 (Nominal)
Virtual machine experience 1.10 (Low)
Programming language experience 1.00 (Nominal)
Project attributes
Use of software tools 1.08 (Low)
Required development schedule 1.00 (Nominal)

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M = 1.00*1.00*1.00*1.06*1.00*1.10*1.00*1.00*1.08
=1.25
Estimating Effort
Effort = A *SizeB
* M
= 2.4 * 3.3711.14
*1.25
= 12 PM
Development Time
TDEV = 3 * (PM) (0.33+0.2*(B-1.01))
= 3.5 Months
Actual Cost
Average Cost
 Hardware Cost: Rs.20, 000/-
 Software Cost: Rs.1000/-
 Material Cost: Rs700/-
 Employee Cost: Rs.10, 000/-
Actual Cost = Effort * total cost
= 12 * 31700
= Rs. 3,80,400/-
Staffing:-
Name Of Phases No. Of Persons Required
Scheduling 2
Requirement analysis 3
Requirement specification 3
Prototype development 3
Design study 2
Documentation 3
Software 3

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10. RISK MANGEMENT
Risk Management Process is the tool through which we can protect our project from the
loss, harm, injury, adverse effect etc so that we can sorted and mitigated or eliminate
that risk if necessary.
10.1Risk assessment: Risk Assessment is the process of identifying the project specific
risk involved. Risk identification, risk analysis, risk prioritization and risk
resolution are the process involved. It includes the controls required to eliminate,
reduce or minimize the risks.
10.2Risk identification: It is a process which begins after the Risk Management Plan is
constructed and continues iteratively throughout the project execution. Its objective
is to identify all possible risks to the project in a timely and proactive manner.
RISK TYPE POSSIBLE RISK SOLUTION PROPOSED
Loss of data
storage devices
It might be possible that the
data stored might get lost due
to damage of hard disk.
Work done should
have at least two
backups
People Fewer people than necessary
are available. People with
specific skills that a project
might require are not
available.
Training for critical
areas of the project
should provide.
Schedule The underestimation of
schedule also happens due to
inexperience or optimism.
Proper time
management should
be maintained
Cost The degree of uncertainty that
the project budget will be
maintained. Underestimating
the cost drivers.
Proper cost
estimation should
be there.
Development
Risk
Availability and quality of the
tool used to make the project.
Make the software
available and have
proper training on
it.
Data
Communication
Communication gap between
the developing members of the
project.
Frequent meetings
should be organized
for better

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10.3 Risk Analysis: It is used to identify the high risk elements of a project & provides
detail impact of risk mitigation strategies .It is important in software design phase to
evaluate criticality of the system, where risks are analyzed.
Note: Risk Factor = Impact * Probability
Calculation of risk factor: -
No. Risks Identified Risk Impact Risk
Probability
Risk factor
1 Software corruption (CA) 9 (VH) 0.9 8.1
2 Inexperienced instructor (CR) 8 (HI) 0.8 6.4
3 Design and Implementation (MA) 5 (VH) 0.95 4.75
4 Application Complexity (CR) 7 (ME) 0.65 4.55
communication.
Risk Categories
Probability Range Probability ID
Low 0.0-0.3 LO - (0.0-0.3)
Medium 0.3-0.7 ME- (0.3-0.7)
High 0.7-0.9 HI- (0.7-0.9)
Very High 0.9-1.0 VH- (0.9-1.0)
Impact Categories
Level Of Consequences Range Impact ID
Negligible 0.0-3.0 NE - (0-3)
Marginal 3.0-7.0 MA -(3-7)
Critical 7.0-9.0 CR - (7-9)
Catastrophic 9.0-10.0 CA-(9-10)

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5 Training & training support (CR) 7 (ME) 0.4 2.8
6 High work load (CR) 7.5 (ME) 0.3 2.15
7 Project size (MA ) 6.5 (ME) 0.3 1.95
8 Maintenance Problems (NE) 3 (ME) 0.6 1.8
9 Resource required (NE) 2 (ME) 0.7 1.4
10 Completion time (MA) 5 (LO) 0.2 1.0
11 Hardware failure (CR) 9 (ME) 0.4 0.36
12 Employee illness (MA) 3 (LO) 0.2 0.6
13 Instructor size (NE) 2 (LO) 0.2 0.4
14 Software design (CA) 9 (ME) 0.4 0.28
The above risk factors include functional as well as non – functional risks involved
in the project.
10.4 Risk Prioritization: Our team will use Risk exposure technique for risk prioritization
Steps involved are-
 Risk-exposure quantity is an effective technique for risk prioritization
 Assess risk probabilities & losses on a scale 0-10.
 Multiply probability by loss to determine exposure.
 The risks have been prioritized according to the risk factors calculated:
Risk Factor markings:
Low 0-3
Medium 4-6
High 7-10

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The following are the details of Risk Exposure:
No. Risks Risk Exposure
1 Software corruption 8.1
2 Inexperienced instructor 6.4
3 Design and Implementation 4.75
4 Application Complexity 4.55
5 Training & training support 2.8
6 High work load 2.15
7 Project size 1.95
8 Maintenance Problems 1.8
9 Resources required 1.4
10 Completion time 1.0
11 Hardware failure 0.8
12 Employee illness 0.6
13 instructor size 0.4
14 Software design 0.28
10.5 Risk Control: Risk control is a technique that utilizes finding from risk assessment. It
covers more area than risk management. These are the entire process of policies,
procedures and systems an institution needs to manage carefully all the risks resulting
from its financial transactions.
No. Risk Identified Control Plan
1 Design and Implementation Keep it simple for implementation
2 Maintenance Problems Proper use of the resources so as to avoid any
hardware failures and taking timely backups.
4 Inexperienced instructor Alert client of potentially difficulties and the
possibility of the delays, investigate buying-in
components.
5 Staff size Proper staff-sizing in order to avoid overstaffing or
understaffing.
6 High work load Divide the work into smaller tasks.
7 Application Complexity Keep the design simple.

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8 Training & training support Training the agents and administrators to operate the
system.
9 Software corruption Making timely back-up and restoration points.
10 Hardware failure Invest in good quality hardware components.
11 Operating environment Invest in technologies which is most suitable to make
the project and in which the personnel feels
comfortable working.
12 Completion time Investigate buying-in components, investigate the use
of program generator
13 Resources required Invest wisely in all hardware and software resources.
11. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
11.1Intrduction: Requirements analysis is the process of understanding the customer’s
needs and expectations from a proposed system or application. It includes the
frequent communication with system users to determine specific.
11.3 Data Gathering Techniques:
(a.) Questionnaire: This technique is a set of question which is used to elicit the
specific information & gives the qualitative and quantitative result.
(b.) Interviews: It involves asking someone a set of question face-2-face.
(c.) Workshop or focus group: It is one 2 many communication in which one
facilitator is there which is required to keep conversation on track.
(d.) Naturalistic Observations: In this technique observer spend time with
stakeholders in their day to day tasks & observing the reality how particular thing is
made.
(e.) Documentation: It is a kind or research in which we get the background
information on procedure & rules.
11.4 Technique chosen for the data gathering: Data gathering technique chosen for
our system is questionnaire because of following reasons:-
 Can contact a large number of people at a relatively low cost.
 Potentially information can be collected from a large portion of a group.
 The results of the questionnaires can usually be quickly and easily quantified by
either a researcher or through the use of a software package.

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Sample of Questionnaire:-
1. Do your system have account security?
2. Can student issue their books?
3. Student can search books or not?
4. Do your system have database to store the data for books?
5. Can your system calculate the fines according to due dates?
11.5Types of Requirement Analysis:
 User requirements: These are the requirements expected from the system like if
we consider the admin, librarian we have provided the login.
 System requirements: A structured document setting out detailed descriptions
of the system’s functions, services and operational constraints. It defines what
should be implemented in the system.
S No. Requirement Type Description
1. Login User Requirement It is used to login the user to
the system.
2. Issue System Requirement Used to issue book to the
user.
3. Return System Requirement Used to return book to the
system.
4. Registration User Requirement Used to register student to
the system.
5. Fine calculation System Requirement Used to calculate fine.
6. Add/delete/Search/Edit
book
User Requirement Used to perform the add,
delete, search, or edit the
function for book
7. Add/delete/Search/Edit
Student
User Requirement Used to perform the add,
delete, search, or edit the
function for student

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12. PROCESS MODELLING
12.1Context Diagram:
Library
Management
system
Books
Librarian Student
Student receive
Registration info.
Login confirmation
login
Maintain student info.
Maintain registration info.
Maintain fine info.
12.2Level 0 Diagram:
Student Registration
Registration
info 1.0 Store in
D1
Registration
table
Login
2.0
Login
detail
Access
granted
Book
Request
Book
Search
Return Issue
Display
Status
Compute
Fine
Login
Authentication
Add/ delete/
search/edit
student
Add/ delete/
search/edit
book
4.0
D2
Valid
detail
Book details
3.0
Display
table
Requested
book detail
5.0
11.0 6.0
12.0
D3
D4
Issue table
7.0
Book
Fine details
Librarian
Book
Info.
Calculated no. of
days.
Issue
info.
Student
receive
Calculated fines
store in
Updated
info.
8.0
Student
database Book store
9.0 10.0
D5 D6
Maintain registration info.
Login confirmation
Student info.
Update info. Update info.
Maintain fine info.
Maintain
Student
info.
login
D7
Book
database
Student
details
Retrieve
book details
View details
Retrieve
requested
book
details

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Level 1 Diagram:
Student
Registration
1.0
1.11.21.3
Student
registration details store in Add student status
Verified student
details
Checking details
Valid details
Enroll students
Registration confirmation
Student
status
Search
student
Registered
student
D1 Student database
D2 Student Record
D3 Student
Level 2 Diagram:
Registration Table
Search
Student
Academic
Block
1.211.2
Student data
Input data
Course 1
Course 2
Course 3
Student status
Record
1.211
1.212
1.213
1.22
Valid details
Courses
info
New
account
Existing
account
Registered
student
1.241
1.242
1.243
1.25
Over dues
account
Account
typeReg.
info
Courses
info
Courses
info
Courses
info
Account
type
Account
type
Account
type
Process Specification:-
(a.) Structured English
Process 1. Process 2.
Name : Registration Name : Login
Process Description:
Input data flows: Registration information.
Output data flows: Store in.
For each Registration
If student detail= correct.
Output registered successfully.
Else
Output not registered.
Process Description:
Input data flows: Login detail
Output data flows: Valid detail.
For each Student Login
If login detail= correct.
Output login successfully.
Else
Output invalid details.

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Process 3. Process 4.
Name : Access Granted Name : Book Request
Process Description:
Input data flows: Valid details
Output data flows: Enter data.
For access the student accounts.
If student enter valid details
Output permission granted for
further access
Else
Output Invalid details.
Process Description:
Input data flows: Confirm ID
Output data flows: Display information.
For each Book request
If student login successfully
Output Accept Request.
Else
Output Request Rejected.
Process 5. Process 6.
Name : Book Search Name : Issue
Process Description:
Input data flows: Enter data
Output data flows: Book info.
For Enter data for book search
If book info. = correct.
Output book available
Else
Output Not available
Process Description:
Input data flows: Book info.
Output data flows: Updated info.
For
If student’s account have < =3
Output message display Book
issued
Else
Output enters invalid details.
Process 7. Process 8.
Name : Display Status Name : Login Authentication
Process Description:
Input data flows: Issue info.
Output data flows: Student receive
For Receiving books.
If issued book is updated
Output display message for issued
book with student account details.
Else
Process Description:
Input data flows: login
Output data flows: Book info., student
info. Login confirmation
For each librarian login
If login info.= Correct and if student
&
Book info. = correct

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Output display earlier details. Output login confirmation &
add/delete/search/edit student and
book info.
Else
Output invalid ID & updates the
student and book info.
Process 9. Process 10.
Name : Add/Delete/Search/Edit Student Name : Add/Delete/Search/Edit Book
Process Description:
Input data flows: Student info. , Maintain
student info.
Output data flows: Updated info.
For Add/delete/edit/search each student
Ifstudentinfo. add/delete/search/edit
=valid
Output Updated to student
database.
Else
Output entered invalid option.
Process Description:
Input data flows: Enter student data.
Output data flows: Updated info.
For
If Retrieve book details = correct.
Output updated to book store
Else
Output enters invalid details.
Process 11. Process 12.
Name : Return Name : Compute fine
Process Description:
Input data flows: Student details
Output data flows: Calculated no. of days
For returning book from the student
account.
If student return book on time
Output book returned.
Else
Output calculated fine according to
no. of days.
Process Description:
Input data flows: Calculating over dues,
maintain fine info.
Output data flows: Store in
For calculating the fines related to books
If Student’s Account have dues
Output calculated fine store in fine
detail database.
Else
Output enters invalid details.
1. Registration

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Students Registration
Y
es
Fulfill all details of Students
Registration Confirmation
Message
Yes
No
Incorrect Details Fulfill
2. Student login
Students Login
Username
password
Login Successfully
Incorrect
Username
Incorrect
Password
Y
es
Y
es
No
No
Yes
3. Book Search
Book Search
Select Book
Invalid Book
Select Book Code
Invalid Book Code
Retrieve Book from Library
4. Book Request
Book Request
Confirm ID
Display Table Of Books
Invalid ID
Yes
Yes
No
5.Issue

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No. Of Books Available
Fulfill all details
Issue book by Librarian
Books not Available
Issue of Book
Incorrect details
YES
YES
YES
N
O
NO
6. Login Authentication:
Login Authentication
Enter Valid Username and Password
Login Successfully
Book database Students Info
Invalid Username and password
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
7. Add/Delete/search/Edit Books:
Add/Delete/Edit/Search Books
Add Proper Info
Search Proper Info
Edit Proper info
Delete Proper info
Update Book Info
Yes
Y
es
Yes
Yes
Yes
Invalid Add Proper Info
Invalid Add Proper Info
Invalid Edit Proper info
Invalid delete Proper info
No
No
No
No
13. DATA MODELLING

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13.1 Entity Relationship Diagram: This is a graphical model used to show the
relationships among system entities. Cardinality describes how instance of one entity
relate to instance of another entity.
Student Librarian
Books
Book code
Book Name
No. of books
available
No. of copies
Name
ID
Name
Login
ID
Issue
Add/Delete/
edit/search
Return
Add/Delete/
edit/search
13.2 Entity Life History: ELH is a diagrammatic representation of the life of a single
entity, from its creation to its deletion.
Entity Life History of Librarian:
Librarian
Login
Yes
Students
Registered
Add/ Edit/
Delete/Search
Login
successfully
Login
unsuccessfull
y
No
Check Fine on issued
book
Issue Calculate Fine Logout
Yes No
Return
Entity Life History of Students:

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Students
LogoutLogin Search Book Book Issued
by librarian
Book
Return to
librarian
Login
successfully
Login un
successfully
Entity Life History of Books:
Book
librarian add
books
Edit Delete
Search(No. of
book )
Issued to students
Available Not Available
Check Book
returned
Yes No
14. Data dictionary:
Data dictionary is a repository of information about data such as meaning; relationships
to other data and it contain dataflow, data store, external entity & process.
14.1 Data Flow: It is a specific piece of data name consists of adjectives and a singular
noun.
Name Registration information
Alias
Content
Descriptions
Allows new users (student)
to register their name in
the system.
Supporting
Descriptions
Origin: Student (Entity)
Destination: Registration
(Process)
Name Login
Alias Login details.
Content
Descriptions
Allows Librarian to login their
details in the system.
Supporting
Descriptions
Origin: Librarian (Entity)
Destination: Login
Authentication(Process)

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Name Maintain Registration
info.
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It is used to transfer the
data of registered
students.
Supporting
Descriptions
Origin: Librarian (Entity)
Destination: Registration
table (Data Store)
Name Maintain Fine info.
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It is used to transfer the
data related to fine on the
student accounts.
Supporting
Descriptions
Origin: Librarian (Entity)
Destination: Fine details (
Data store)
Name Enter book details
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It is used to transfer the
book details entered by
the students for book
search.
Supporting
Descriptions
Origin: Access Granted
(Process)
Destination: Book Search
(Process)
Name Maintain Student info.
Alias Login details.
Content
Descriptions
It is used to transfer the
updated data of students.
Supporting
Descriptions
Origin: Librarian (Entity)
Destination:
Add/delete/search/edit
student (Process)
Name Retrieve book details.
Alias
Content
Descriptions
Used to transfer retrieve
book details from the
database.
Supporting
Descriptions
Origin: Book Database
Destination:
Add/delete/search/edit book
Name Updated info.
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It is used to transfer the
updated data’s which is
modified by the librarian.
Supporting
Descriptions
Origin: Issue (Process)
Destination: Issue Table
(Process)

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14.2Data Store: It is a repository of data which can only connect to process and name
consisting of adjectives and a noun.
Name Registration Table
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It is used to store the registered student details.
Supporting
Descriptions
Librarian can also maintain the registration info. From this data store.
Name Display table
Alias
Content
Descriptions
Used to display the requested book details give details to book search for
requested book.
Supporting
Descriptions
Display book detail on screen.
Name Issue Table
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It is used to store the updated details of issued book in the student
accounts.
Supporting
Descriptions
It only stores the data but display on the screen for librarian regarding the
updated issued books.
Name Student Database
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It stores all the updated details related to the student like if any book is
added ,deleted, search or modified
Supporting
Descriptions

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Name Student
Alias
Content
Description
This is the user who is going to use the system & has low accessibility.
Supporting
Description
Registration is sources of this entity
Name Book
Alias
Content
Description
This is the user who is going to use the system & has low
accessibility.
Supporting
Description
It is a Sink which receive data from the system.
Name Fine details
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It stores the data related to the fines on book of any particular
student.
Supporting
Descriptions
Librarian can also maintain the fine information related to the
students.
Name Book Store
Alias
Content
Descriptions
It stores all the updated details related to the books like if any
book is added, deleted, search or modified.
Supporting
Descriptions

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14.4 Process: Processes are transformations, changing incoming data flows into outgoing
data flows.
Name (9.)Add/
delete/Edit/Search
student
Description Allow the librarian to
add the new student,
delete, edit, search any
student in the student
database.
Name (12.) Compute fine
Description Allow librarian to
calculate fine.
Name (8.)Login authentication
Description Allows the librarian to
login
Name (5.)Book Search.
Description Allows the students to
search books.
Name (2.)Login
Description Allows student to login to the
system.
Name (4.)Book request
Description Allows student to request for book.
Name (6.)Issue
Description Allows the librarian to issue
books to the student.
Name (8)Login Authentication
Description Allows the librarian to login
to the system.

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15. DESIGN PRINCIPLE AND CONCEPT:
In the design phase the importance lies on quality which makes this phase an integral part of
software development. During this phase the software specifications are transformed into
design models that describe the details of the data structures, system architecture, interface,
and components.
Data design.
Data design is the process of designing data for the system.
Transforms information domain model into data structures required to
implement software.
1.) Name of Database table: Account
Description: This is used to retrieve the account details of users.
Field Length Type
Username 255 Text
Password 255 Text
Type 255 Text
Name of Database table: Bookdata1
Description: This database is used to store the book information of the system for the
librarian.
Field Length Type
Book Code 255 Text
Book Name 255 Text
Author 255 Text
No_ of Copies 255 Text
available_for_issue 255 Number
Name of Database table: Bookdata2
Description: This is used to check the particular book whether it is issued or not and
retrieve data for search option also.
Field Length Type
bookcode_no 255 Text
book name 255 Text
Author 255 Text
Name (11.)Return
Description Allows librarian to return
books student accounts.
Name (10.)Add/delete/Edit/Search
Book
Description Allow the librarian to add
the new student,
delete, edit, search
any BooK

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Status 255 Text
Name of Database table:- Bookdata3
Description:- This is a book database used to add/delete/edit/return/issue/fine
calculation the book details handled by the librarian.
Field Length Type
Bookcode 255 Text
Intake 255 Text
book1_issue_date 255 Date/Time
book2_issue_date 255 Date/Time
Book3_issue_date 255 Date/Time
Fine Long Integer Number
Name of Database table: Data
Description: This is a student database used to store the student information and
perform all the functions like add/search/edit/delete etc.
Field Length Type
Intake 255 Text
User Password 255 Text
Name 255 Text
Level 255 Text
Email 255 Hyperlink
Book1 255 Text
Book2 255 Text
Book3 255 Text
no_of_books_issued 255 Text
Procedural design:
The objective in Procedural Design is to transform structural elements of the
architecture into a procedural description of software construction.
In DFD of the system we write the specification for Decision table like in this
design we have to mention their name & description for each button used in the
system.
Module (Librarian)
Screen 1 :- (Form1)
Name: - Btsubmit
Description: - This button is used to login the librarian and student separately.
Screen 2 :-(Home.vb) If librarian selected then open

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Name: - Button1 (Librarian)
Description: - This button is used to get the information about students and
bookinformation.
Screen 3:- Librarian.vb
Name: - Button1(students)
Description: - This button shows the admin home page where librarian add, search,
edit, update and delete the record of student.
Name:-Button2 (Bookinformation)
Description: - This button shows the book home page where librarian add, search,
issue and return the book.
Screen 4:- adminhome.vb (if student_btn1 has been selected)
Name: - Btserch
Description: - these buttons search the student from the database.
Name: - Btadd
Description: - This button is used to add the new student to the database.
Name: -Btsubmit
Description: - This button is used to submit the entire required field which has been
entered.
Name: - Btclea
Description: - This button is used to clear the field which has been already fielded.
Name: - Btcancel
Description: - This button is used to go back to the previous page.
Name: - Button1(update)
Description: - This button is used to update the information of the student into the database.
Name: - Btedit
Description: - This button is used to edit the information of the student.
Name: - Btdelete
Description: - This button is used to delete the record of student.
Screen 5:- BookHome.vb (if bookinformation_btn2 has been selected)
Name: - Btgo

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Description: - This button is used to submit all the record which is filled.
Name: - btsubmit1
Description: - This button is used to submit all the record while we add new books to
the database.
Name: - btclear1
Description: - This button is used to clear the field which has been already fielded.
Name: - btserch1
Description: - This button is used to search the book from the database.
Name: - btadd2
Description: - This button is used to add the new books to the database.
Name: - btissue
Description: - This button is used to issue the book to the student.
Name: - btreturn
Description: - This button is used to return the book to the student calculate the fine.
Name: - btdelete2
Description: - This button is used to delete the record of books from the database.
Design Concept:
Abstraction: Abstraction means showing the important part but hiding the unnecessary part of
the system. We have use the control abstraction in our design that means that our program
control is flowing without showing its internal working to its users. It allows designers to focus
on solving a problem in a generalised standard without being concerned about irrelevant lower
level details.
Refinement: It is the process of elaboration where one or several instructions are decomposed
into more detailed instructions. It is the process of elaboration where the designer provides
successively more detail for each design component. So we have provided all the basic details
of the designing used in the system development.

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Modularity – It is a single attribute of software that allows a program to be intellectually
manageable. In our LMS we have divide the whole system into several modules, this reduces
chances of errors as different modules are developed and tested separately.
Software Architecture: Architecture is the structure of program components which describe
the interaction between this product as well as the data structure. It provides the conceptual
integrity for a system.
Control hierarchy – The structure of the program elaborates the organization of the
program mechanism in modules & their sub-modules and display relationship between
them this implies a hierarchy of control. In LMS we have divide the system into
modules like issue return, login and registration etc.
Information hiding – It means information within one module is inaccessible to the
other module means intentionally hiding the secret part. In our system we implemented
it like one student can’t view the details of others.
Software procedure- It is a means of specifying each module interface, the pre & post
conditions and the operations to be performed. It describes all the operations that are performed
by the software.
16. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
The main purpose that this architectural design serves is to determine the structure of
the software. It is supposed to be one of the aims of the modularity. Architectural design
is important as considering it only the system is designed. It is like designing a
framework for the system and so that’s why we need to analyze this and then begin with
the design. A good architecture can help ensure that a system will satisfy key
requirements in areas such as performance, reliability, portability, scalability, and
interoperability. Our systems architecture is shown below by means of this diagram.

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Layered Architecture:
Application Layer
Business Layer
Data Layer
Issue table, login table, student table, course table
Librarian Student Book
Login Register
student
Update student Search student
Delete student Add book Update book Search book
Delete book Issue book Return book Display report

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17. INTERACTIVE SCREEN DESIGN:
Input Screen for student login Output screen
Fig no.1. Login Screen
Description: This is the login page for the student, after entering their details a new form
will open and then click on student to view your account.
Input Screen for Student Account Output screen
Fig no.2:- Student Account
Description: After login of student this screen will appear if we click on student then a
new form will appear to view their account for issued book info.

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Input Screen for student login Output screen
Fig no. 3. Login Screen
Description: This is the login page for librarian after entering their details click on submit
button then a new form will open and click on librarian to access your account.
Input Screen of Student Record Output screen
Fig no.4. Student Screen
Description: This is librarian account select the student then a new form will appear of
student details. Here we can add/delete/edit/search the student information and store in
the database.

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Input Screen student login Output screen
Fig no.5:- Login Screen
Description:- This is the main screen of librarian to access the student details. If we
select the any of the four (add/delete/edit/search) options then a new form will appear
where we have to enter the details related to perform any function.
Input Screen Book record Output screen
Fig no.6:- Book Information
Description:- If we select the book information to perform the function related to
book then a new form will appear to add/search delete/edit the book info.

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Input Screen for book details. Output screen
Fig no.7:- Book Information
Description:- If we select the book information to perform the function related to book
then a new form will appear to add/search delete/edit the book info
18. PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENT:
It describes the bunch Software’s used for developing a particular system. The whole
topic is categorized into three parts Framework, Front-end Scripting, & Backend
Programming.
Tools Used to develop this system are the following:
 Visual Studio 2008: Used for developing the design & building the code of the
application.
 Microsoft access: Required for large database maintenance.
 Microsoft Word 2007: for writing the whole documentation including tables &
screen-shots.
 Microsoft Project 2007: For making Gantt chart.
 Microsoft Visio 2007: for making DFDs, Entity Life History, ERD

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Framework
The system is developed using the .net frame work which provides a no of
advantages some of them are described as below
Consistent Programming Model.
Direct Support For Security.
Simplified Development Effort.
Easy Application Deployment & Maintenance.
Frontend Programming
VB.net was used as a frontend VB.NET run on the Internet Information Server (IIS) in
Windows Operating System. The .NET Framework provides the Common Language
Runtime (CLR), which compiles and manages the execution of VB.NET code, and the
class libraries, which offer prebuilt programmatic functionality for Web Forms,
exception handling.
By using VB.net we have experienced following advantages:-
It drastically reduces the amount of code required to build large application.
It makes development simpler and easier to maintain with an event-driven,
server –side programming model.
Its pages are easy to write and maintain because the source code and HTML are
together.

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The source code is executed on the server. The pages have lots of power and
flexibility by this approach..
It validates information (validation controls) entered by the user without writing
a single line of code.
1.1 Backend Programming
Microsoft Access is used as backend database & various records are arranged in
it accordingly. Access is a very powerful relational database product that both
stores data for all sorts of reasons and purposes and allows users with skills
ranging from beginner to world expert to input extract and manipulate that data
into all the different forms that people want. Benefit of access from programmer’s
perspective is its relative compatibility with SQL Query can be viewed
graphically or executed as SQL statements.
Advantage of using Ms Access over other database:
Access is well suited for small, departmental applications. These applications
may start as one user’s project.
For relatively small data sets Access works very well for providing flexible
information retrieval. It provides simple functionality to create pivot tables and
generate graphical reports.
More robust tools allow for multiple queries to run at one time, and provide
transactional processes, so that if any part of the import fails all changes are
rolled back to a state before the import began.
19. TESTING
19.1 Introduction: Testing is a process of technical investigation, performed on
behalf of stakeholders, that is intended to reveal quality-related information
about the product with respect to the context in which it is intended to operate.
Testing process deals with the verification and validation of a system to ensure
that it meets user’s and system’s requirements.
Test Item: Interface
Features to be tested: Login, Search, issue, update, delete, add, return
Features not to be tested: Not applicable
Approach:-

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INTERFACE APPROACH
Login Unit testing
Add Unit testing
Search Unit testing
Update Unit testing
Delete Unit testing
Issue Unit testing
Return Unit testing
TESTING PROCESS AND RESULT
Login
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail
1. Enter user name The system excepts the user name Pass
2. Enter password The system excepts the password Pass
3. Select type Select the item from the combo box. Pass
4. Click on submit button The system displays home page. Pass
Add student:
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail
1. Click on add button The system displays the panel to
fulfill the options
Pass
Add book:
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail
1. Click on add button The system displays the panel to
fulfill the options
Pass
2. Display the panel Fulfill all the details Pass
3. Click on submit button Click the submit button to add books. Pass

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Search student:
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/Fail
1. Click on search button The system displays the
options
Pass
2. Using intake to search The system displays the
fields to be filled
Pass
3. Enter intake The system display list of
students
Pass
Search book:
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail
1. Click on search button The system displays the
panel
Pass
2. Select search by book
code
The system accepts the
required values
Pass
3. Enter book code. The system add the new user Pass
Update student:
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail
1. Click on edit button The system displays the
panel
Pass
3. Enter the specified fields The system accepts the
required values
Pass
4. Enter update button The system add the update
user details
Pass
Update book details
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail

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1. Click on books The system displays the options Pass
2. Click on update books The system displays the fields to be
filled
Pass
3. Enter the specified fields The system accepts the required values Pass
4. Click on update book The system add the update book details Pass
Book issue:
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail
1. Click on issue a book The system displays the
panel
Pass
2. Click on select book Display the panel to select
book
3. Click select book no. The system select book no. Pass
4. Enter the specified fields The system accepts the
required values
Pass
5. Click on go button The issue book to the user Pass
Book Return
Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail
1. Click on return button The system displays message
box
Pass
2. Enter the book code in
the message
The system accepts the
required values
Pass
3. Click on ok button The system accepts the
required values
Pass
4. Calculate fine The system return the book
calculate fine
Pass
5. Message box displays Message box show the fine Pass
Delete student

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Step Action Expected System Response Pass/
Fail
1. Click on search button The system displays the
options
Pass
2. Search the student using
intake
Search the student. Pass
3. Click on edit button The system displays the fields
to be filled
Pass
4. Click on delete button The system deletes the student Pass
TEST DELIVERABLES: Test plan
PLAN APPROVALS: signature of user
APPENDIX
Software Quality Assurance Plan:
Quality Planning:
Quality Factor Goal Achieved
1. Defect The no. of defects in the system is
to be rectified.
Errors of the system are
rectified.
2.Coustomer Satisfaction The customer’s should be satisfied
with the system as per their
requirements.
Customers are satisfied from
the system.
3.Quality Improvement Quality of the software should be
maintain regularly & works on
their improvement
Quality is improved from
initial to execution steps.
Process Quality:
Name of Process Descriptions Document Standard
1.Project Planning It is used to plan the entire project
like cost, schedule, risk, and
design etc
ConfigurationManagement,
SoftwareQualityAssurance plan,
RiskManagement,documentation
& Programming Standard,
Communication mode.
2. Analysis In this phase we analyze the Problem background, Scope of

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existing system and create the
new one by eliminating the
drawbacks.
the system.
3. Designing In this we design how our system
looks.
Data, Procedural, Interface,
& Architectural design
4. Testing In this phase we test whether the
software is running properly as
per the user’s requirement.
Black box, white box, System
Testing Unit testing &
integration testing.
5.Project Management Divide projects into modules then
manage with respect to money &
time.
RiskIdentification,Risk Analysis
Risk Prioritization & is impact.
6. Schedule Planning In this phase we schedule the
tasks to be held on that very time.
Ganttchart,Pert chart, Activity
Network
7. Risk Management It describes the related risk o our
project.
Process Improvement:
Name of Process Estimated No. of defects Actual Rectified
1.Login 1 1
2.Issue Book 3 2
3.Return Book 3 2
4.Add/Edit/Search/Delete
Students
6 5
5.Comput Fine 4 3
6. Registration. 3 3
7.Add/Edit/Search/Delete
Book.
4 2

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