2. After the Treaty of Verdun, Charlemagne's
3 grandsons broke up the kingdom further
Part of the territory becomes battleground
for attacks on Europe
This leads to a rise in feudalism: military
and political system based on land
ownership and personal loyalty
3. Invasions
Between 800-1000, invasions destroy the
Carolingian empire
Muslims invade from the south
Magyars invade from the east
Vikings attack from the north
4. Living in Fear
Invasions of Vikings, Magyars and Muslims
caused disorder and suffering
Europeans lived in fear and constant
danger
Central authority proved powerless
Many turned to local lleeaaddeerrss wwiitthh tthheeiirr
oowwnn aarrmmiieess
5. How It Began…
In 911, two former enemies faced each other in a
peace ceremony. Rollo was the head of the
Viking army and had been plundering the rich
Seine River Valley for years. Charles the Simple
was the king of France but held little power.
Charles granted the Viking leader a huge piece of
French territory, becoming known as Normandy.
In return, Rollo placed his hands between the
king’s hands and swore a pledge of loyalty.
6. A New Social Order
Worst years of invaders attacks were 850-
950.
During this time, rulers and warriors made
similar agreements in many parts of Europe
The system of governing and landholding
called feudalism had emerged in Europe
8. Feudal System
Based on mutual obligations
A lord (landowner) granted land called a fief
in exchange for military protection and
other services
Person receiving the fief was a vassal
So, Charles the Simple was the lord, and
Rollo would have been the vassal
9. Feudalism
(the pyramid)
-The king-
-Claimed ownership of
land
-Granted land to Lords
(nobles)
-Gave land to vassals if
they fought for him
1
2
-Lord
(Noble)-
-Could gain
land from
King
-Could give
and control
land he got
3 -Knight-
-Was granted land
by Lord (Noble)
-Could live on land
as long as they
4 fought for the lord -Peasant-
-Worked the land for
little pay
-Bottom of the
pyramid
10.
11.
12. The feudal system didn’t always work so
simply
Relationships between lords and vassals
weren’t always clear cut
The same noble might be a vassal to
several different lords
Lords and vassals tried to use relationships
to their own advantage
13. Social Classes
Status determined a person’s prestige and
power
People were placed into 3 groups:
1) Those who fought- nobles and knights
2) Those who prayed- men and women of
church
3) Those who worked- the peasants
Social class was usually inherited
14. Serfs
Majority of people in Europe were peasants
Most peasants were serfs
Serfs were people who couldn’t lawfully
leave the place where they were born
Even though they were bound to the land,
they were not slaves
Lords could not buy or sell them
15. Manor
The manor was the lords estate
The manor system was the basic economic
arrangement
Lord provided the serfs and peasants with
housing, strips of farmland and protection
from bandits
16.
17.
18. Life on the Manor
Serfs tended the lords land, cared for his
animals and maintained the estate
Peasant women shared the duties with her
husband
Owed the lord certain duties like working 3-
4 days, and portions of their grain
19. Rare for peasants to travel more than 25 miles
from manor in lifetime!
A manor usually covered a few square miles of
land
Consisted of the lord’s manor house, a church
and workshops
15-30 families lived in the village on the manor
Fields, pastures and forests surrounded the
village
24. Peasant Life on the Manor
Since it was considered a privilege to live on the
manor, peasants paid a high price
Paid a tax on all grain ground on the lord’s mill
Was considered a crime to avoid paying taxes
Paid a tax on marriage- weddings could only take
place with the lord’s consent
All peasant families had to pay a tithe (church tax)
to the village priest (10% of income)
25. Serfs and peasants lived in cottages with
only 1 or 2 rooms
Would warm their dirt floor by bringing pigs
inside
Families would huddle together on pile of
straw crawling with insects to stay warm