1
Based on the diploma thesis “conception of a web annotation
system for improvement in German media accountability”
Department of Online Journalism at Kersten A. Riechers {kersten@corrigo.org}
h_da University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Germany Tobias Reitz {tobias@corrigo.org}

2
Newsroom,
we have a
problem.

3
Would you buy a car with such a high failure rate? (Silverman 2009: xv)
559 factual errors and 400 imprecise formulations have been
found by the fact-checkers at German news magazine Der Spiegel.
They would classify 85 per cent of the erros as relevant.
Janssen 2010: 100
Published corrections represent two per cent of factual errors in
newspapers.
Maier 2009
Counterchecking, editing – journalists sacrifice no more than one
hour per day for these tasks.
Weischenberg et al. 2006: 80;267
Of 130 news stories in which the news sources […] informed the
newspapers of factual inaccuracy, complaints yielded only four
published corrections.
Maier 2009

4
Things are getting worse online
… constant need to update stories, permanent time pressure.
Eberwein 2010
… no time for fact-checking: newsrooms are always in competiton
for a good rank (e.g. Google News)
… factual errors are being twittered, facebooked, shared – and
thus are massively spread.
The dangerous reality is that today‘s journalists are
required to do more with less.
Jeff Jarvis (2007)

5
Out of
control?

6
There are many instruments of media
accountability… high degree of
institutionalization
Press
Research councils
Training
NGOs
Letters to Media
Ombudsmen
the editor journalism
… but can you hear
Online them play?
journalism-external journalism-internal
comments
Media Entertainment
criticism in social formats
networks
Journalist blogs
Citizen
blogs
low degree of
institutionalization
Source: Fengler et al. 2011

7
Let‘s build a new
instrument. No wait,
a whole orchestra!
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mitosettembremusica {03.04.2011}

8
Give‘em a hand: the corrigo orchestra!
high degree of
institutionalization
Press
Research councils
Training
NGOs
Letters to Media corrigo combines the
Ombudsmen
the editor journalism different instruments
of media accountabi-
Online
journalism-external
comments
journalism-internal lity making it a great
orchestra.
Media Entertainment
criticism in social formats
networks
Journalist blogs
Citizen
blogs
low degree of
institutionalization
Based on: Fengler et al. 2011

9
It all began with
that sticky idea:
Journalism Warning Labels
by Tom Scott {www.tomscott.com/warnings}

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11
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Corrections must exist whereever journalism exists.
Readers should be given new tools to help them report
and track corrections and errors. Craig Silverman (2007)

12
It‘s possible because it‘s online
Newspapers and magazines must wait for their next issue to cor-
rect their errors – on the internet you can do that immediately.
A letter to the editors used to take days to be delivered – using
corrigo you can adress them within seconds. Every reader beco-
mes a potential fact-checker.
We do journalism differently, because we can.
Jeff Jarvis (2009)

13
media accountability
on a new layer
corrigo helps you flag and correct
factual errors, missing links and typos
in online news sources.
It comes as a browser add-on based on web annotation
technology. This makes you see errors and corrections
right in context.

14
press councils
the public online media
watchblogs
As factual errors
corrigo lets the and opinion are
public see and signal seperated, editors are
errors in online media enabled to react and cor-
on a public and inde- rect quicker - and in a
pendent basis. more transparent way.

15
Alliance of the Open-Minded
corrigo is meant to work with journalists, not against them.
Although corrigo is technically capable to work independently
from the media‘s servers, it counts on the collaboration with edi-
tors and reporters. Because the more professionals join and keep
open for criticism, the better the whole media landscape gets.
We all make mistakes. That‘s not the question.
The question is what we do next.
Jeff Jarvis (2007)

16
http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
news.tld
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You could notify the editor writing a
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http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
news.tld
JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Then just go use the corrigo toolbar to
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text report that error!
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It always keeps collapsed on top of
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text the article – so it won‘t bother you
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text reading.
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18
http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
1
site article new
news.com wanna correct something? choose a category!
Fred Finder
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JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT Fred Finder
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text post tweet share mail
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text corrigo will now expand right next to
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the article. And it is asking you to
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text categorize your error – so please
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text choose:
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Factual error? Missing source? Typo?
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19
http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
1
site article new
news.tld mark the part of the text you wanna correct
Fred Finder
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JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT Fred Finder
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text post tweet share mail
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Now corrigo asks you to mark as
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precisely as possible the passage
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text you are complaining about.
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text You can do so by highlighting or
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text simply spotting a dot somewhere
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in the article.
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20
http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
1
site article new
news.tld please give reasons for your decision.
Fred Finder
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reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT Fred Finder
reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Great, we‘re almost done! Of course
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it would be nice to have a good
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text what is wrong:
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Write some text and/or add a link.
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Then submit!
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21
http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
news.tld
JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT
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Readers should
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encounter corrections
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they shouldn‘t have
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Look, what you have done: From now
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on everyone using the corrigo Add-On
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Craig Silverman (2007)
is warned by the status bar.
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Yellow = unconfirmed error reported
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(because Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text you can err, too ;)
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22
http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
1
site article new
news.tld please check. is this really a factual error?
Charly Checker
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reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT Fred Finder
follow
reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
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Charly Checker
another reason another reason
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To be sure about the error, corrigo
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needs more verification. Charly
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Checker enjoys good reputation within
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corrigo as you can see by his badge.
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Since he verifies – corrigo goes along:
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Red = error confirmed
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23
http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
1
site article new
news.tld thanks badnews.com for correcting this error
badnews.com
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reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT Fred Finder
follow
reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text another reason another reason
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text another reason another reason
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Charly Checker
another reason another reason
follow
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text another reason another reason
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text another reason another reason
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text +add t s m
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text thanks fred thanks fred thanks
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text thanks fred thanks fred thanks
At least by now the responsible editor
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text badnews.com
thanks fred thanks fred thanks
takes action and corrects the error.
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
thanks fred thanks fred thanks
thanks fred thanks fred thanks
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corrigo +add t s m
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Using a Verified Account, he eventually
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changes the status back to “green“ –
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and thanks everyone for their help.
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24
http://www.news.tld/just-another-news-text
news.tld
JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT
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So for the moment everything is back
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in order. But of course this does not
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mean, editors have the final say.
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Whenever a user feels this correction
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is insufficient – he can switch back
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to “yellow”.
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
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25
Welcome to the corrigo Toolbar
http://
1
site article new
switch timeline: whole site / single article / new
prompt info info info info info info info info
badnews.com
color-coded category buttons
Settings | Logout
> factual error | green = errors corrected
reasons reasons reasons reasons
reasons reasons reasons reasons > missing source | yellow = unconfirmed error
name
reasons reasons reasons reasons > typo | red = error confirmed
follow
reasons reasons reasons reasons > other | white = nothing reported
follow user‘s reporting reasons reasons reasons reasons
post tweet share mail
sharing options
another reason another reason
User badges
another reason another reason
name
another reason another reason
follow
another reason another reason
another reason another reason
red green +add t s m
confirming / disconfirm this
thanks thanks thanks thanks verified account (usally granted for editors)
thanks thanks thanks thanks
name
thanks thanks thanks thanks
thanks thanks thanks thanks
thanks thanks thanks thanks
corrigo +add t s m
corrigo = latin for “I correct” adding notification for this discussion

26
http://www.news.tld
news.tld
JUST ANOTHER NEWS TEXT On front pages, the status bar shows
the error-correction-ratio for the whole
site using the color code system.
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Factual Error Text Text Text Text
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27
http://www.newspaper02.com
http://www.newspaper03.com
http://www.newspaper04.com
This ratio allows a
rough comparison
to other news sites‘
http://www.newspaper05.com accuracy!
http://www.newspaper06.com
http://www.newspaper07.com
http://www.newspaper08.com

28
the news daily news.tld
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Once an error has
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
been reported on
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
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one news site,
corrigo will check
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
other sites for copies
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
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containing the same
error – and flag them
just another newspaper good times there.
(Think of all the
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
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copyedited news
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wires out there…)
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
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Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text Text
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29
http://
1
site article new
medium
info info info info info info info info
Name
Settings | Logout
name
I await technology that
article
follow
will also allow us to
+add t s m
send out alerts of our
name
corrections to those who
user
follow
read or wrote about what
+add t s m
we said.
Using RSS, corrigo
name
follow
Jeff Jarvis (2007)
provides different
feeds for…
… a whole medium
+add t s m
feedreader
… a single article newsletter
… a user‘s activity
timeline

30
corrigo visions
Browser Add-On, error categories, highlighting – for the moment,
these features represent the basic configuration to make corrigo
function without overstraining the users right from the beginning.
Nonetheless, corrigo has the potential to scale in functionality and
use once it is established and “understood“ by a wider range of
people. An open source structure is taken for granted.
Here are some of our visions.

31
corrigo visions
fighting haste and paste: If you wonder whether parts of an article
are basically copy-pasted from a press release, you should check
that right away. So why not plug in the great service of Churnal-
ism.com?
sample photos: If an article is illustrated by a sample photo but
does not disclose it in the caption, an image-check could be one
click away with the cooperation of reverse image search engines
like TinEye.com

32
corrigo visions
press council: Depending on the national media landscape,
press councils can be the right institution to deal with moral
issues (which corrigo does not). Filing complaints could be
possible from the corrigo interface.
response rate: How long does it take the editors to respond
to an error claim – and how accurate are their corrections?
A constant ranking could reinforce the media‘s brands and
help people choosing their news sources.

33
corrigo visions
process journalism: Journalists could use corrigo for their
research. Statements from interviewees that the journalist
cannot verify will be published and highlighted – so that
corrigo users are invited to collaborate.
aggregated corrections columns: Everytime an errors gets correc-
ted it adds automatically to the news site‘s corrections column.
CMS plugin: corrigo wants to make editors’ lifes easier. A plugin
could connect corrigo with the newsrooms’ content management
systems. That way, editors could correct minor errors without even
quitting their working environment.

34
corrigo has the potential…
… to uncover and correct factual errors in their very context
… to keep records of corrections and evaluate them
… to counter the massive circulation of wrong (news wire) articles
… seperate opinion from facts
… connect existing instruments of media accountability
… to turn sober fact-checking into fun!

35
Check the texts
– find the facts!

36
Bibliography
• Eberwein, T., 2010. Brauchen wir einen Presserat für den Onlinejournalismus – und wenn ja, wie viele?
Journalistik Journal, 2/2010, pp.6-8. Available at: http://journalistik-journal.lookingintomedia.com/?p=537
[Accessed March 3, 2011].
• Fengler, S. et al., 2011. Medieninnovationen – Neue Chancen für die Medienselbstkontrolle ? Erste Er-
gebnisse einer international vergleichenden Studie. In J. Wolling, A. Will, & C. (Hrsg ) Schumann, eds.
Medieninnovationen. Wie Medienentwicklungen die Kommunikation in der Gesellschaft verändern. Kon-
stanz: UVK Verlags GmbH, pp. 159-176.
• Janssen, H., 2010. Fact-Checking beim Spiegel. In Fact-Checking: Fakten finden, Fehler vermeiden. Netz-
werk Recherche.
• Jarvis, J., 2007. Foreword. In Regret the Error. How Media Mistakes Pollute the Press and Imperil Free
Speech. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
• Jarvis, J., 2009. Product v . process journalism : The myth of perfection v . beta culture. BuzzMachine.
Available at: http://www.buzzmachine.com/2009/06/07/processjournalism/ [Accessed April 14, 2011].
• Maier, S., 2009. Confessing Errors in a Digital Age. Nieman Reports. Available at: http://www.nieman.
harvard.edu/reportsitem.aspx?id=101903 [Accessed March 25, 2011].
• Silverman, C., 2009. Introduction to the Paperback Edition. In Regret the Error. How Media Mistakes Pol-
lute the Press and Imperil Free Speech. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
• Silverman, C., 2007. Regret the Error: How Media Mistakes Pollute the Press and Imperil Free Speech,
Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
• Weischenberg, S., Malik, M. & Scholl, A., 2006. Die Souffleure der Mediengesellschaft: Report über die
Journalisten in Deutschland, Konstanz: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.

37
This presentation has been prepared in all conscience. To report a Kersten A. Riechers {kersten@corrigo.org}
mistake please get in touch with us at yeahsuredoingawholediplo- Tobias Reitz {tobias@corrigo.org}
mathesisaboutfactcheckingandthenblunderingyourself@corrigo.org www.corrigo.org
or just mojo@corrigo.org