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Visualization in the Digital Humanities A survey Cornelius Puschmann English Department Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

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all sources, tools and methods described in this presentation can be googled and wikipediad!

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Franco Moretti Graphs, Maps, Trees (2005) Information and ideas on visualization Edwar Tufte The Visual Display of Quantitative Informantion (1983) Ben Fry Visualizing Data (2008) Aditi Muralidharan's blog Twitter Processing.org

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why visualization?

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visualization allows the analysis of large volumes of information

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it's also a form of reading … and (re)writing

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and increasingly a pop culture phenomenon

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is visualization... … a tool for research („cultural analytics“)? … a means of aestheticizing data? … a form of info-democratization? … just a fad? should we as digital humanists care? what forms of visualizations are being used and for what communicative purposes?

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visualization is the use of... <ul><li>dots

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lines

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shapes </li></ul><ul><li>color

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motion

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and other graphical elements </li></ul>for the purpose of conveying information about non-graphical data.

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Ancient world map

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scientific visualizations present multiple dimensions of data... days of the week number of cars

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...and ask if a relationship exists between them

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Dimension 1: word length Dimension 2: number of unique letters Dimesion 3: overall frequency of the word (size of the dot) Dimension 4: is the word of Anglo-Saxon (red) or Latin (blue) origin? ...and ask if a relationship exists between them

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up to now, the data visualized has typically been quantitative

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Franco Moretti's line graphs showing the rise of the novel

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scientific visualization traditionally works with quantitative data (statistics) consequence: visualization must be adjusted for DH use non-numerical data multivariate data subjectively quantified data

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R NLTK Processing.org programming/scripting GUI Many Eyes MALLET Wordle Google Charts tools

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covers of Popular Science 1882-2007

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wordle of a speech by Barack Obama

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qualitative quantitative aesthetic representational scatterplot barchart pie chart words-as-colored-boxes word clouds trees maps

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formulate questions gather data (download txt/csv/rdf) analyze (R, NLTK, PHP, … or simply read! ) annotate (oxygen, text editor, ...) visualize (Processing, NLTK, R, JavaScript, … or a text marker) present (pdf, powerpoint, ...)

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formulate questions gather data (download txt/csv/rdf) analyze (R, NLTK, PHP, … or simply read! ) annotate (oxygen, text editor, ...) visualize (Processing, NLTK, R, JavaScript, … or a text marker) present (pdf, powerpoint, ...)

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what can we visualize?

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what can we visualize? letters words (strings) morphemes phrases clauses narrative sequences named entitites direct speech paragraphs sentences semantic roles rhetorical devices metaphors moves character descriptions pages passages we like shifting points of view

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the <positive-emotion>happy</positive-emotion> girl the <negative-emotion>depressed</negative-emotion> boy

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word classes by color

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visualization can.. reduce complexity increase density of observable data illustrate an interpretation aestheticize data open up large datasets make an argument

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in addition to other areas, visualization has great potential for teaching! creativity experimentation self-expression translation multilingualism analytic capabilities

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Thanks!