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Leading Successful Change
... getting your head around it
Marie de Guzman, Applied Neuroscientist
22 September 2011
“Change is the only constant”
 Heraclitus, Greek philosopher (535 BC – 475 BC)
56%
Economist Intelligence Unit Survey, 2011
Yet Innate
Agility
Q. For you, what is the most
   important driver for successful
   change?


Q. For you, what is the most
   significant barrier for successful
   change?
Change Involves People

“Organisational change is made up of changes in
individuals. If you have enough critical mass in
individual changes, organisational change will
come… organisational change can't be fully
affected unless individuals change… otherwise
you may have done it for nothing.” S.V.
“Give me six hours to chop down a
tree and I will spend the first four
sharpening the axe.”
                      Abraham Lincoln
Time Up Front

“Communication is the part that takes the most time.
When you invest more before the change, then life
after the change is easier…. involve people earlier to
plan the change, not so that you give all the solutions
and all the structures, but to give people the
possibility to give their input and to possibly have the
influence on the result of change. If it’s a big change
[then] 6 months.” J.T.
Connections


Our brains are made up of billions of specialised
information processing cells called neurons.
Neurons use electrical and chemical signals to
communicate and connect with one another.
Changing Connections

Changes in our brains take place in the
connections between neurons.

Our brains can strengthen existing
connections or create new ones.

This is known as ‘plasticity.’
Energy




Image Source: Alavi, A and Reivich, M. (2002) in Trends for Cognitive Sciences (2010), vol. 14, No. 4 p. 181
‘Change Blindness’
“If a leader focuses too much on the
operational, their heads are down…
they will miss out on the most
important areas.” A.A.
Dopamine
Prediction for Adaptation
                                      Next time: As Predicted
                                Predictions                 No change to
                                    remain                  future action


                                     baseline
                                                 Neutral




                    Better than
                     predicted
    Update: Reinforce           Motivate future                     baseline
     previous actions           actions (Approach)
                                                              Update: Punish              Suppress future
                                                             previous actions             actions (Avoid)

            baseline
                         Like                                                   Dislike
Bromberg-Martin, Matsumoto, Hikosaka, Neuron, 2010, no. 68 p. 816           Worse than
                                                                            predicted
Dual Processing




       Satpute & Lieberman, Brain Research, 2006, no. 1079 p. 86-97
Efficient Processing

          System 2:
                              Creative /Problem Solving
          ‘Explicit’


     System 1: ‘Implicit’
     Predictive: ‘If –then’
Mismatches – ‘Prediction Errors’
                      Anterior Cingulate Cortex
                      (ACC)
Awareness is Where Change Starts

               System 2:
                  Problem
                   Solve



               System 1:
             Predictive: If-Then
Two-Way Dialogue

“Even though using the same language –
doesn’t always mean the same thing… best
way of communicating is though dialogue –
only way to check that the other side has
understood you.” J.T.




                                   “Data won’t tell you what’s going on…
                                   dialogue helps give you context and helps
                                   build relationships… dialogue is essential.
                                   What percentage of unsuccessful change is
                                   due to poor dialogue? 100%.” D.G.
Face-to-Face


“Willingness to engage at an individual level - this is
what people respect. This has to be communicated
visibly by leadership rather than by email or notice
boards… this has got to be face to face communications
to build that trust.” D.S.
Listening vs. Telling

“If you listen to people, make it clear you
can't address every single one of their
concerns. At least if you document and write
down their concerns, and if you find that
their vents or concerns are the same around
the organisation, maybe there's a point.” S.D.
‘MBWA’


“Through MBWA, I’ve discovered more - speaking to lots of
people casually, informally over lunch, interviews by sections
to see what they were doing – this enabled me to know all
the truths and problems about group I was in.” B.G.
Beyond the Business Case


“Having empathy for individuals you are dealing with - where
are they coming from; are they supportive or not? Are they
scared? Are they on side? Do they understand? Do they agree
but not understand? People who are good at change… it is the
ability to pick up on an individual's emotional stance.” R.S.
So What?



Attend   Assess         Action Potential:
                                             Response
                      All or None Response
Patterns Through Connections

“You see certain things and trust yourself there's something…
practice, trust which has come through later years… no magic
formula other than picking up [signals] in environment
…somehow image emerges, [almost] mystical… but nothing
more than right connections being made… it's intense
moments of things connecting - you literally see it.” H.E.
Patterns Through Connections

“What change is all about is making new connections.
This happens through discussion and exploring new areas
which can be from insights by having conversation with
others, rather than internally processing yourself. …
through curiosity, reading, asking how does that apply to
me, engaging with other people looking at their
perspectives… and take it on board.” D.S.
Errors Are Good!
        System 2:
        Problem Solve
           ‘Tweak’



    System 1:
    •Errors continue until
    accurate
    •Update predictions




    Responses
Load the Dice

“Make the best prediction you can,
observe actual events and if your
prediction was wrong update your
knowledge-base so that future
predictions are more accurate.”
        Y. Niv & G. Schoenbaum, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2008, Vol. 12, No. 7
Mastering Agility
“Need to stay aware that the next change will come
sometime, so need to stay alive and listen to walls &
people…need to change something sometime - so
awareness is important. Don't fall asleep because processes
going nicely - make sure you stay alive in industry. Listen to
people and be open; no change is forever.” B.G.
Stop?


Keep?


Start?
Change takes energy….


                …drive gives energy
Are you a successful change leader?

Contact us to participate in our ongoing research:
Email: marie@themangrove.org.uk
Tel:     020 3093 7539 / 07966096218
Web:     www.themangrove.org.uk
Leading Successful Change with Neuroscience

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Leading Successful Change with Neuroscience

  • 1. Leading Successful Change ... getting your head around it Marie de Guzman, Applied Neuroscientist 22 September 2011
  • 2. “Change is the only constant” Heraclitus, Greek philosopher (535 BC – 475 BC)
  • 4.
  • 7.
  • 8. Q. For you, what is the most important driver for successful change? Q. For you, what is the most significant barrier for successful change?
  • 9. Change Involves People “Organisational change is made up of changes in individuals. If you have enough critical mass in individual changes, organisational change will come… organisational change can't be fully affected unless individuals change… otherwise you may have done it for nothing.” S.V.
  • 10. “Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” Abraham Lincoln
  • 11. Time Up Front “Communication is the part that takes the most time. When you invest more before the change, then life after the change is easier…. involve people earlier to plan the change, not so that you give all the solutions and all the structures, but to give people the possibility to give their input and to possibly have the influence on the result of change. If it’s a big change [then] 6 months.” J.T.
  • 12. Connections Our brains are made up of billions of specialised information processing cells called neurons. Neurons use electrical and chemical signals to communicate and connect with one another.
  • 13. Changing Connections Changes in our brains take place in the connections between neurons. Our brains can strengthen existing connections or create new ones. This is known as ‘plasticity.’
  • 14. Energy Image Source: Alavi, A and Reivich, M. (2002) in Trends for Cognitive Sciences (2010), vol. 14, No. 4 p. 181
  • 15. ‘Change Blindness’ “If a leader focuses too much on the operational, their heads are down… they will miss out on the most important areas.” A.A.
  • 17. Prediction for Adaptation Next time: As Predicted Predictions No change to remain future action baseline Neutral Better than predicted Update: Reinforce Motivate future baseline previous actions actions (Approach) Update: Punish Suppress future previous actions actions (Avoid) baseline Like Dislike Bromberg-Martin, Matsumoto, Hikosaka, Neuron, 2010, no. 68 p. 816 Worse than predicted
  • 18. Dual Processing Satpute & Lieberman, Brain Research, 2006, no. 1079 p. 86-97
  • 19. Efficient Processing System 2: Creative /Problem Solving ‘Explicit’ System 1: ‘Implicit’ Predictive: ‘If –then’
  • 20. Mismatches – ‘Prediction Errors’ Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)
  • 21. Awareness is Where Change Starts System 2: Problem Solve System 1: Predictive: If-Then
  • 22. Two-Way Dialogue “Even though using the same language – doesn’t always mean the same thing… best way of communicating is though dialogue – only way to check that the other side has understood you.” J.T. “Data won’t tell you what’s going on… dialogue helps give you context and helps build relationships… dialogue is essential. What percentage of unsuccessful change is due to poor dialogue? 100%.” D.G.
  • 23. Face-to-Face “Willingness to engage at an individual level - this is what people respect. This has to be communicated visibly by leadership rather than by email or notice boards… this has got to be face to face communications to build that trust.” D.S.
  • 24. Listening vs. Telling “If you listen to people, make it clear you can't address every single one of their concerns. At least if you document and write down their concerns, and if you find that their vents or concerns are the same around the organisation, maybe there's a point.” S.D.
  • 25. ‘MBWA’ “Through MBWA, I’ve discovered more - speaking to lots of people casually, informally over lunch, interviews by sections to see what they were doing – this enabled me to know all the truths and problems about group I was in.” B.G.
  • 26. Beyond the Business Case “Having empathy for individuals you are dealing with - where are they coming from; are they supportive or not? Are they scared? Are they on side? Do they understand? Do they agree but not understand? People who are good at change… it is the ability to pick up on an individual's emotional stance.” R.S.
  • 27. So What? Attend Assess Action Potential: Response All or None Response
  • 28. Patterns Through Connections “You see certain things and trust yourself there's something… practice, trust which has come through later years… no magic formula other than picking up [signals] in environment …somehow image emerges, [almost] mystical… but nothing more than right connections being made… it's intense moments of things connecting - you literally see it.” H.E.
  • 29. Patterns Through Connections “What change is all about is making new connections. This happens through discussion and exploring new areas which can be from insights by having conversation with others, rather than internally processing yourself. … through curiosity, reading, asking how does that apply to me, engaging with other people looking at their perspectives… and take it on board.” D.S.
  • 30. Errors Are Good! System 2: Problem Solve ‘Tweak’ System 1: •Errors continue until accurate •Update predictions Responses
  • 31. Load the Dice “Make the best prediction you can, observe actual events and if your prediction was wrong update your knowledge-base so that future predictions are more accurate.” Y. Niv & G. Schoenbaum, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2008, Vol. 12, No. 7
  • 33. “Need to stay aware that the next change will come sometime, so need to stay alive and listen to walls & people…need to change something sometime - so awareness is important. Don't fall asleep because processes going nicely - make sure you stay alive in industry. Listen to people and be open; no change is forever.” B.G.
  • 35. Change takes energy…. …drive gives energy
  • 36. Are you a successful change leader? Contact us to participate in our ongoing research: Email: marie@themangrove.org.uk Tel: 020 3093 7539 / 07966096218 Web: www.themangrove.org.uk