Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of tantrums, arguing, and angry or disruptive behavior towards authority figures that disrupts the child's social, family, and academic life. Potential causes include a child's natural disposition, developmental delays, lack of supervision, inconsistent discipline, abuse or neglect, and imbalances in brain chemicals like serotonin. Treatments focus on individual and family therapy, parent-child interaction therapy, cognitive problem solving training, social skills training, and parent training.
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ODD Symptoms, Causes, Treatments
1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder
ODD
Persistent pattern of tantrums, arguing, and angry or disruptive behavior
toward authority figures that disrupts or damages the child’s social, family, and
academic life.
3. Causes and Treatments
Causes Treatments
• A child's natural disposition • Individual and family therapy
• Limitations or developmental • Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT)
delays in a child's ability to
process thoughts and feelings • Cognitive problem solving training
• Lack of supervision • Social skills training
• Inconsistent or harsh discipline • Parent training
• Abuse or neglect • Treatment for other conditions that often
co-exist like ADHD, anxiety, or depression.
• An imbalance of certain brain
chemicals, such as serotonin
4. Classroom Strategies
• Show positive reinforcement when the student shows
flexibility or cooperation
• Indirect or earshot praise
• Reduce the number of words spoken
• Give directions once and wait for student to ask questions if they want
more information or clarification
• Teacher takes a time-out if they feel like their response might make the
conflict worse.
5. References
Charles, C.M., Ormond, J.E.. (2010). Education Custom Edition for
University of La Verne EDU 503. Boston, MA: Pearson.
Staff writer, March 2011. Facts for Families Children With
Oppositional Defiance Disorder. American Academy of Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, No. 72. Retrieved from
http://www.aacap.org/galleries/FactsForFamilies/72_children_with_op
positional_defiant_disorder.pdf
Staff writer. Jan 6, 2012. Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Retrieved
from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/oppositional-defiant-
disorder/DS00630
Editor's Notes
According to the Mayo Clinic and the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry for defiant behavior to be considered ODD it should so frequent and consistent that it stands out when compared with other children of the same age and developmental level and when it affects the child’s social, family and academic life
According to the Mayo Clinic and the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry for defiant behavior to be considered ODD it should so frequent and consistent that it stands out when compared with other children of the same age and developmental level and when it affects the child’s social, family and academic life
According to the Mayo Clinic there isn’t a clear known cause but contributing factors might be: (Causes) The treatments for this disorder are: (Treatments) Parent training is also very important and is a huge concern. There is quite a bit of information and training for parents. The American Academy of Pediatrics & Psychology suggest that parents give positive reinforcement, take a break if necessary so that situation doesn’t escalate, pick your battles, make reasonable requests, limits and consequences, have hobbies or interests so not consumed with child’s issues, take care of yourself and get respite care and breaks. One very important aspect of the treatment plan is to take of other conditions that exist that are treatable like ADHD, anxiety, or depression. If the other conditions are not managed it will be difficult to treat the ODD.
Our textbook states that according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 5 to 15 percent of school age children have ODD. This means that we need to know some strategies and this are some that the textbook recommends
