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神宮 翔真
事例とした里山林の
管理・利用における
共通性と差異
0
筑波大学大学院
生命環境科学研究科
「牛久自然観察の森」を
○
武 正憲
筑波大学芸術系
佐方 啓介・伊藤 太一
筑波大学生命環境系
はじめに
1
里
山
里山林
里地
里山
里やま
satoyama
本研究における里山の定義 2
2016-03-28
「人里近くに広がる森林の総称」(林野庁,1998)を対象とする
いわゆる「里の山」,「里山林」について議論する
「里山」の持つ意味内容は一定ではない(岡田 2017)
3
2016-03-28過去の里山(~1950年代)
1950年代(林野庁提供)の農用林古写真
(ニューラルネットワークによる自動色付け)
4
2016-03-28本研究における里山の定義
都市近郊の
中山間地域の
「都市近郊の里山」を対象とする
5
新たな関係の構築里地里山の関係消失
現代の里山 2016-03-28
しかし…今後は活動の持続性が課題となるとされる
研究の目的 6
持続可能な里山保全のために…
レクリエーション利用の場として活用
⇒ 公共緑地,パブリックスペース
そこで…
そのような里山保全の実践例を検証し
持続的な管理・利用を目指す上での
課題を明らかとすることを目的とする
事例地として…
「牛久自然観察の森」に着目
2016-03-28
7
2013年5月8日撮影の空中写真
(国土地理院提供)
2016-03-28研究事例地:牛久自然観察の森
運営:牛久市(条例による位置付け)
開園:1990年(身近な自然活用地域整備事業)
面積:約20ha(所有者との借地契約)
運営費:4,200万円/年(牛久市より)
入場者:5万人(2014年度)
利用区分:20ヶ所の“エリア”による設定
職員:3~6名の自然観察指導員が常駐
研究の方法 8
・里山の利用区分の分類
… 事業計画書(1986年策定)からそれぞれのエリアの利用区分を分類
・里山の管理コストの推計
… 2013-2015年度における業務報告書記載の植生管理報告から
それぞれのエリアの管理コスト=作業実施人数×作業時間を推計
2016-03-28
No. 年 月 日 曜日 担い手 報告書記載内容
61 2013 11 20 水 植生管理ボランティア バッタ原EF区草刈り
62 2013 11 21 木 牛久自然観察の森職員 カッパ沼落ち葉集め
63 2013 12 4 水 植生管理ボランティア タヌキの林落ち葉かき
64 2013 12 8 日 牛久自然観察の森職員 第二駐車場落折れ枝回収
65 2013 12 8 日 牛久自然観察の森職員 第二駐車場サクラ倒木処理
66 2013 12 12 木 牛久自然観察の森職員 バードガーデン整備
67 2013 12 13 金 牛久自然観察の森職員 カワセミの池奥倒木処理
68 2013 12 13 金 牛久自然観察の森職員 コムラサキの丘草刈り
314回(日)分
参考)報告書記載内容の一部
結果
9
10
結果:里山の利用区分
利用区分 ⇒ 森林生態系の保護の場とレクリエーション利用の場
目的:レクリエーション利用
施設や新規に造成した環境
面積:約5ha
目的:レクリエーション利用
復元された過去の里山林維持
面積:約7ha
目的:森林生態系の保護
基本的に手を入れない
面積:約7ha
2016-03-28
11
結果:里山の管理コスト
2013-2015年度の合計をエリア毎に集計
5000
管理コスト(人数×時間)
施設など 復元された里山林森林生態系の保護
2016-03-28
12
管理コストを利用区分毎に集計
目的:レクリエーション利用
施設や新規に造成した環境
面積:約5ha
目的:レクリエーション利用
復元された過去の里山林維持
面積:約7ha
目的:森林生態系の保護
基本的に利用・管理をしない
面積:約7ha
2016-03-28結果:管理コストと利用区分
74
839
1375
人数×時間
仮に日給2万5000円
(造園作業の一般価格)
として年間人件費は
8万円
87万円
143万円
13
まとめ
考察 14
牛久自然観察の森での「里山」が持つ意味内容は複数ある
• 人里近くに広がる
= 森林生態系の保護の場
• 人里近くに広がる+人の手が入る
= レクリエーション利用の場で,施設などを含む場
• 人里近くに広がる+人の手が入る+昔ながらの景観
= レクリエーション利用の場で,里山林の復元維持の場
実際にはレクリエーション利用に限らないゾーニング
昔ながらの「里山」を利用者に供するには全体の1/3程度の
面積(7ha程度)が限界
2016-03-28
コスト大
コスト小
考察 15
里山をレクリエーション利用の場として
活用する上での課題は…
• 利用者管理への配慮
• 昔ながらの「里山」としての管理
の実現に大きな手間と費用がかかること
「里山」に多様な役割を
位置づけることが重要
2016-03-28
ありがとうございました
16

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「牛久自然観察の森」を事例とした里山林の管理・利用における共通性と差異