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A8b: Forecasting the effects of land-use on wildlife communities and conflict at human-wildlife interface
Changes in Conservation Values in Modified Forest:
Does Human Involvement Affect its Land Use Pattern
and Wildlife Presence?
Shoma JINGU*, Keisuke SAKATA,Taiichi ITO
*Laboratory of Wild-land Planning &Wildlife Management
Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Tsukuba

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Today's Outline
Background
Objective & Method
Result
Discussion
Conclusion

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Background: Forest in Japan
Forest cover: 68.5% (FAO, 2015)
 Second highest percentage cover next to Finland in the developed countries
 Remained stable for more than 150 years
However, composition and locality change in recent 60 years
 Forest increase = Forestation by rural population decrease
 Forest decrease = Deforestation by urban concentration
Human-modified landscapes that respond to change
in human involvement
> Typical example in Japan: Agricultural forest Satoyama

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Background: Agricultural forests as a modified landscape -Satoyama
 Human-modified landscape based on traditional, sustainable use for natural resources.
 Japanese government is putting its efforts in conserving Satoyama landscapes
> Represents nature-culture linkage & biodiversity
However, it is questioned whether conservation of present state
Satoyama remnants can play a similar role after the change in human involvement.
> We will show how change in involvement to a human-modified landscape
can affect its conservation values by focusing on wildlife presence.
Sato = village
Yama = mountain/forest
Forestation Deforestation
In recent 60 years…
OR

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Objective & Method
Objective：Clarify the relationship between human involvement and the historical change of
land use & wildlife presence.
Method: Analysis of historical records
Land Use Pattern
 Land use & land cover survey maps (1884, 2016)
 Aerial photographs (1947-1948, 2008-2017)
Wildlife Presence
 Interview survey to local communities
 Road-kill reports
 Museum research archives
 Camera trap survey
Case Study：
Tsukuba City
50 km north east ofTokyo

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Result: Land Use Pattern
20111884

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Result: Land Use Pattern
2011
At local scale…
A. Forestation
B. Deforestation
C. Fragmentation
1884

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Result: Land Use Pattern
A
B
C
A
B
C
Photos in 1940s Photos in 2010s

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Result:Wildlife Presence: Mid & large-sized mammals
Japanese hare
Lepus brachyurus
Native
Raccoon dog
Nyctereutes procyonoides
Red fox
Vulpes vulpes
Japanese badger
Meles anakuma
Wild boar
Sus scrofa
Japanese squirrel
Sciurus lis
Raccoon
Procyon lotor
Masked palm civet
Paguma larvata
Symbolic species in Satoyama
Threatened
Alien

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Result:Wildlife Presence –Past to Present
PresentA
B & C
Common
Uncommon
PresentPast A
B & C

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Discussion: Human involvement to forest in the study area
2010s
B & C
A 1950s A
B & C

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Discussion: Human involvement to forest in the study area
 Current Satoyama remnants have undergone functional change, which resulted in structural
and compositional change.
 It is questionable whether the human-nature coexistence conservation value of Satoyama
remains unchanged.

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Conclusion
 We found that many Satoyama remnants have undergone functional changes in its land
use and have equally affected wildlife presence.
 Largely changed forests may retain wildlife conservation value through provision of
habitats in general, although its ecosystem may have changed to a large degree.
 While we agree that human-modified forests are important for conservation, change in
usage patterns result in varied environmental outcomes.
 This study provides an example that traditional human-nature coexistence should not
necessarily be the primary conservation value in secondary natural environments which
are subject to change in human involvement.

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References
• FAO. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: Desk Reference. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations Rome, Italy; 2015.
• Land use & land cover survey maps(2016) : the original data is provided by the High-Resolution Land Use and Land
Cover Map ©JAXA <https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/lulc/lulc_jindex.htm>
• Land use & land cover survey maps(1884) : the original data is provided by the HABS Map from the National
Agriculture and Food Research Organization<https://github.com/HabsNiaes/habs_luccdb>
• Aerial photographs(1940s): Geospatial Information Authority of Japan(GSI): USA-R388(1947) & USA R793(1948)
• Aerial photographs(2010s): GitHub - gsi-cyberjapan/gsimaps:The source of GSI Maps (http://maps.gsi.go.jp/)
<https://github.com/gsi-cyberjapan/gsimaps>
• MasahikoT, Ryusuke F, Kazuya M, Sachiko Y and Koji Y 2015: A List of Wild Mammals in Ibaraki Prefecture,
Central Japan. Bull. Ibaraki Nat. Mus.（, 18）: 71-82
• 林野庁企画・農山漁村文化協会制作 1958: 優良林業地シリーズその15 出島の林業―農用林のすがた―. 農山漁村文化協会
• Animal photographs: https://torange.biz/jp/raccoons-45393 https://www.flickr.com/photos/42902413@N00/116380990/
http://www.nps.gov/acad/photos/redfox.htm

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Thank You for your attention
Contact: s1730263@s.tsukuba.ac.jp