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Greek Mythology

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What is a myth? <ul><li>A myth is a story belonging to any culture that is derived from primitive beliefs, presenting supernatural episodes to explain cosmic forces and the natural order. </li></ul>

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Myths are generally concerned with the same themes and motifs: <ul><li>Creation </li></ul><ul><li>Divinity </li></ul><ul><li>The significance of life and death </li></ul><ul><li>Natural phenomena </li></ul><ul><li>The adventures of mythical heroes </li></ul>

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What cultures have produced myths? <ul><li>All cultures have certain beliefs about natural occurences. The three myth systems that have been most studied are Greek mythology, Roman mythology, and Norse mythology. </li></ul>

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Classical Mythology <ul><li>Greek and Roman </li></ul><ul><li>Believed that the gods looked and acted much like humans </li></ul><ul><li>Gods differed from people in that </li></ul><ul><ul><li>they could change appearance at will </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>they had superhuman strength </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>they were immortal </li></ul></ul>

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Purposes of Myths <ul><li>Attempts to explain natural phenomena such as a flood </li></ul><ul><li>Religious speculations on the relationship between humans and the gods </li></ul><ul><li>Religious speculations on the mysteries of creation, death, and the afterlife </li></ul><ul><li>Examinations of human behavior </li></ul>

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Gods of Classical Mythology

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Zeus <ul><li>God of sky & thunder; king of gods </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Jupiter </li></ul>

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Apollo <ul><li>God of sun, music, and medicine </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Apollo </li></ul>

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Ares <ul><li>God of war </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Mars </li></ul>

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Hermes <ul><li>Messenger god </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Mercury </li></ul>

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Poseidon <ul><li>God of the Sea </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Neptune </li></ul>

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Hephaestus <ul><li>God of the weaponry; smith god </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Vulcan </li></ul>

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Hera <ul><li>Queen of gods </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Juno </li></ul>

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Demeter <ul><li>Goddess of earth and crops </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Ceres </li></ul>

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Artemis <ul><li>Goddess of the hunt and the moon </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Diana </li></ul> <>

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Athene <ul><li>Goddess of wisdom </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Minerva </li></ul>

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Aphrodite <ul><li>Goddess of love and beauty </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Venus </li></ul>

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Hestia <ul><li>Goddess of home & hearth </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Vesta </li></ul>

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Other Well-Known Gods

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Dionysus <ul><li>God of wine & fertility </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Bacchus </li></ul>

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Eros <ul><li>God of love & desire </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Cupid </li></ul>

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Hades <ul><li>God of the underworld </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Pluto </li></ul>

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Cronus <ul><li>Father of all gods </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Saturn </li></ul>

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Persephone <ul><li>Goddess of seasons & queen of the underworld </li></ul><ul><li>Roman name: Proserpina </li></ul>

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Mythical Creatures <ul><li>Centaurs – half man, half horse </li></ul><ul><li>Satyrs – half man, half goat </li></ul><ul><li>Minotaurs – half man, </li></ul><ul><li>half-bull </li></ul><ul><li>Harpies – half woman, half bird </li></ul><ul><li>Medusa- Woman with snaky hair </li></ul>

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Mythology in today’s world <ul><li>Nike </li></ul><ul><li>Ajax </li></ul><ul><li>Midas </li></ul><ul><li>Saturn </li></ul>

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Myths in commercials …

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Norse Mythology Thor Odin bragi Tyr freyja loki

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Days of the week Sun's day/The Lord's day Sunnudagr/Dróttinsdagr Washing day Laugardagr Freyja's day Frjádagr Thor's day Þórsdagr Odin's day Óðinsdagr Tyr's day Týsdagr Moon's day Mánadagr Meaning Day (Old Norse)