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London Dart Hackathon
Technical Preview…
What you see today may change
 tomorrow…

Enable us (as users of Dart) to
 influence the language and provide
 feedback.
Why Dart?
 Complex applications
 Team development
 Easily “toolable”                  JavaScript
           //process a & b.
           function process(a,b) {
              return a+b;
           };
                                  All valid, but
                                which is correct?
process(1,2,3);
process("Hello","World");
process({'name:'objectA'}, {'name':'objectB'}));
Design goals - Familiar
  Be Familiar
main() {
  var anInt = 1;
  var aStr = "String";
  var anObj = new Object();
  var result = doSomething(anInt,aStr,anObj);
}

doSomething(a,b,c) {
  return "blah";
}
Design goals - Familiar
  Be Familiar
void main() {
  int anInt = 1;
  String aStr = "String";
  Object anObj = new Object();
  String result = doSomething(anInt,aStr,anObj);
}

String doSomething(int a, String b, Object c) {
  return "blah";
}
Design Goals - Performance
 Performance as a feature


   Dart VM was faster at launch than V8
   (chrome's JavaScript engine) was at
   launch.

   Converted JS should be as fast as or faster
   than equivalent hand written JavaScript.
Dartium (Chromium with Dart VM)
Dart Editor
dart2js: Dart to JavaScript
#import('dart:html');

class MyApp {
  MyApp() { }

    void run() {
      write("Hello World!");
    }

    void write(String message) {
      document.query('#status').innerHTML = message;
    }
}

void main() {
  new MyApp().run();
}
dart2js:the output JavaScript
//...snip library code...
// ********** Code for MyApp **************
function MyApp() {}

MyApp.prototype.run = function() {
  this.write("Hello World!");
}

MyApp.prototype.write = function(message) {
  get$$document().query("#status").innerHTML = message;
}

// ********** Code for top level **************
function main() {
  new MyApp().run();
}
Quick Demo…
Dart Editor and Dartium
Dart: Functions
                                            Different
 Simple function syntax                  syntax, same
                                             effect
      var myFunc = (a,b) {
         return a,b;
       }                                 Functions as
      var myFunc = (a,b) => a+b;         arguments

      myFunc(a,b) => a+b;
                                           Anonymous
      doSomething(c,d, myFunc);            function

      doSomething(c,d, (a,b) => a+b);
      var result = myFunc(101,202);        Unsurprising
                                            function call
Dart: Classes and interfaces
   Familiar (to Java and C# developers)                 Optional
   But a couple of nice features                        paramters

    class Duck implements Quackable {
      var colour;

        Duck([this.colour="red"]) { }

        Duck.yellow() {                                Named
          this.colour = "yellow";                    constructors
        }
                                        //Usage
        String sayQuack() => "quack";
                                        var duck1 = new Duck();
    }
                                        var duck2 = new Duck("blue");
Unsurprising                Function    var duck3 = new Duck.yellow();
    this                   shorthand    print(duck3.sayQuack());
Dart: Classes and interfaces
 Familiar (to Java and C# developers)
                                                      Default
 But a couple of nice features                   Implementation



     interface Quackable default Duck {
       String sayQuack();
     }




                                  //Usage
                                  var duck1 = new Quackable();
Dart: Classes and interfaces
 All classes are also interfaces
    class Person implements Duck { … }
 Class properties can be interchanged with getters and setters
    duck.colour = "yellow"; //setter, or property?


    class Duck {
         var _colour;                   //private property

         get colour() => _colour;       //getter

         set colour(value) {            //setter
            _colour=value;
         }
     }
Dart: Libraries and Privacy
 Break up single source code file into multiple,
  independent files.    #library("myLibrary");

                        #import("./libs/otherLib.dart");

                        #source("./myFile1.dart");
                        #source("./myFile2.dart");

 Break logical parts of an app into libraries.
 Import your own and third party libraries.
 Privacy declarations apply at a library level
  (not a class level)
Dart: Optional Types
 Add documentation to code

 Documentation readable by humans and tools

 "Innocent until proven guilty"

 Type annotations have no effect on the running application

var i = 1;                         int i = 1;
var s = "Hello";                   String s = "Hello";

              String i = 1;
              int s = "Hello"; Probably wrong, but
                                        not proved to be wrong.
Dart: Optional Types
 Optional types can be useful when prototyping an app
class Person {
  sayQuack(){
     return "ouch…quack";
  }
}


pokeDuck(duck) {
  duck.sayQuack();
}

                        //Usage
 But is that what the
                        pokeDuck(new Duck());
  library designer
                        pokeDuck(new Person()); //runs fine
      intended?
Dart: Optional Types
 But as you add structure, types can help you…
class Person {
  sayQuack(){
     return "ouch…quack";
  }                                               New method
}                                                added to Duck,
                                                  which isn't in
pokeDuck(duck) {                                    Person
  duck.sayQuack();
  duck.swimAway();
}
                         //Usage
 This now fails with a   pokeDuck(new Duck());
   noSuchMethod          pokeDuck(new Person()); //throws exception
      exception
Dart: Optional Types
 Adding type info provides documentation to tools and
  humans.
class Person {
  sayQuack(){
     return "ouch…quack";
  }                                                 Type
}                                               information


pokeDuck(Duck duck) {
   duck.sayQuack();
   duck.swimAway();
}
   Now the tools can     //Usage
  provide warnings (or   pokeDuck(new Duck());
    errors in checked    pokeDuck(new Person()); //tools warn
         mode).
Dart: noSuchMethod
 All classes can have a noSuchMethod method
 (inherited from the base Object class)

  class Person {
    sayQuack(){                            Similar to ruby's
       return "ouch…quack";                method_missing
    }

      noSuchMethod(name, args) {               Side note: Any
        if (name == "swimAway") {               object can be
          throw "I'm not really a duck";        thrown as an
        }                                         exception
      }
  }
Libraries: dart:html, dart:json
 Client side library for interacting with the DOM
 Uses Dart constructs for DOM manipulation
       var foo = elem.query("#foo");       //return a foo
       var foos = elem.queryAll(".foo");   //list of foo
 Events:
       foo.on.click.add((event) {
          //do something
        });
 Autocomplete HTML5
 JSON Parsing of Maps, Lists
Libraries: dart:io
 Server side libraries:
    Processes
    File IO
    Sockets
    Http Client & Server
More to do and time to try it
www.dartlang.org   #dartlang   www.html5rocks.com

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Dart London hackathon

  • 2. Technical Preview… What you see today may change tomorrow… Enable us (as users of Dart) to influence the language and provide feedback.
  • 3. Why Dart?  Complex applications  Team development  Easily “toolable” JavaScript //process a & b. function process(a,b) { return a+b; }; All valid, but which is correct? process(1,2,3); process("Hello","World"); process({'name:'objectA'}, {'name':'objectB'}));
  • 4. Design goals - Familiar  Be Familiar main() { var anInt = 1; var aStr = "String"; var anObj = new Object(); var result = doSomething(anInt,aStr,anObj); } doSomething(a,b,c) { return "blah"; }
  • 5. Design goals - Familiar  Be Familiar void main() { int anInt = 1; String aStr = "String"; Object anObj = new Object(); String result = doSomething(anInt,aStr,anObj); } String doSomething(int a, String b, Object c) { return "blah"; }
  • 6. Design Goals - Performance  Performance as a feature  Dart VM was faster at launch than V8 (chrome's JavaScript engine) was at launch.  Converted JS should be as fast as or faster than equivalent hand written JavaScript.
  • 9. dart2js: Dart to JavaScript #import('dart:html'); class MyApp { MyApp() { } void run() { write("Hello World!"); } void write(String message) { document.query('#status').innerHTML = message; } } void main() { new MyApp().run(); }
  • 10. dart2js:the output JavaScript //...snip library code... // ********** Code for MyApp ************** function MyApp() {} MyApp.prototype.run = function() { this.write("Hello World!"); } MyApp.prototype.write = function(message) { get$$document().query("#status").innerHTML = message; } // ********** Code for top level ************** function main() { new MyApp().run(); }
  • 12. Dart: Functions Different  Simple function syntax syntax, same effect  var myFunc = (a,b) { return a,b; } Functions as  var myFunc = (a,b) => a+b; arguments  myFunc(a,b) => a+b; Anonymous  doSomething(c,d, myFunc); function  doSomething(c,d, (a,b) => a+b);  var result = myFunc(101,202); Unsurprising function call
  • 13. Dart: Classes and interfaces  Familiar (to Java and C# developers) Optional  But a couple of nice features paramters class Duck implements Quackable { var colour; Duck([this.colour="red"]) { } Duck.yellow() { Named this.colour = "yellow"; constructors } //Usage String sayQuack() => "quack"; var duck1 = new Duck(); } var duck2 = new Duck("blue"); Unsurprising Function var duck3 = new Duck.yellow(); this shorthand print(duck3.sayQuack());
  • 14. Dart: Classes and interfaces  Familiar (to Java and C# developers) Default  But a couple of nice features Implementation interface Quackable default Duck { String sayQuack(); } //Usage var duck1 = new Quackable();
  • 15. Dart: Classes and interfaces  All classes are also interfaces  class Person implements Duck { … }  Class properties can be interchanged with getters and setters  duck.colour = "yellow"; //setter, or property?  class Duck { var _colour; //private property get colour() => _colour; //getter set colour(value) { //setter _colour=value; } }
  • 16. Dart: Libraries and Privacy  Break up single source code file into multiple, independent files. #library("myLibrary"); #import("./libs/otherLib.dart"); #source("./myFile1.dart"); #source("./myFile2.dart");  Break logical parts of an app into libraries.  Import your own and third party libraries.  Privacy declarations apply at a library level (not a class level)
  • 17. Dart: Optional Types  Add documentation to code  Documentation readable by humans and tools  "Innocent until proven guilty"  Type annotations have no effect on the running application var i = 1; int i = 1; var s = "Hello"; String s = "Hello"; String i = 1; int s = "Hello"; Probably wrong, but not proved to be wrong.
  • 18. Dart: Optional Types  Optional types can be useful when prototyping an app class Person { sayQuack(){ return "ouch…quack"; } } pokeDuck(duck) { duck.sayQuack(); } //Usage But is that what the pokeDuck(new Duck()); library designer pokeDuck(new Person()); //runs fine intended?
  • 19. Dart: Optional Types  But as you add structure, types can help you… class Person { sayQuack(){ return "ouch…quack"; } New method } added to Duck, which isn't in pokeDuck(duck) { Person duck.sayQuack(); duck.swimAway(); } //Usage This now fails with a pokeDuck(new Duck()); noSuchMethod pokeDuck(new Person()); //throws exception exception
  • 20. Dart: Optional Types  Adding type info provides documentation to tools and humans. class Person { sayQuack(){ return "ouch…quack"; } Type } information pokeDuck(Duck duck) { duck.sayQuack(); duck.swimAway(); } Now the tools can //Usage provide warnings (or pokeDuck(new Duck()); errors in checked pokeDuck(new Person()); //tools warn mode).
  • 21. Dart: noSuchMethod  All classes can have a noSuchMethod method (inherited from the base Object class) class Person { sayQuack(){ Similar to ruby's return "ouch…quack"; method_missing } noSuchMethod(name, args) { Side note: Any if (name == "swimAway") { object can be throw "I'm not really a duck"; thrown as an } exception } }
  • 22. Libraries: dart:html, dart:json  Client side library for interacting with the DOM  Uses Dart constructs for DOM manipulation  var foo = elem.query("#foo"); //return a foo  var foos = elem.queryAll(".foo"); //list of foo  Events:  foo.on.click.add((event) { //do something });  Autocomplete HTML5  JSON Parsing of Maps, Lists
  • 23. Libraries: dart:io  Server side libraries:  Processes  File IO  Sockets  Http Client & Server
  • 24. More to do and time to try it www.dartlang.org #dartlang www.html5rocks.com

Editor's Notes

  1. We can see the problem when we look at an example in JavaScript
  2. Show Hello World, Generate JavaScript, Debugging in Dartium