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Life in a Prehistoric State at Armatambo <ul><li>Lurín Valley, Perú </li></ul><ul><li>Keith Chan </li></ul><ul><li>University of Missouri - Columbia </li></ul>

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Outline <ul><li>Background: Health and social complexity on the Central Andean coast </li></ul><ul><li>Hypotheses: Does state organization benefit health and command more labor? </li></ul><ul><li>Methods: Testing the hypotheses using bioarchaeology </li></ul><ul><li>Results: State level societies reverse a trend in worsening health seen in non-state societies </li></ul>

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To the Andean Region! <ul><li>The Andean region is one of several key areas for studying change in social complexity </li></ul><ul><li>The Central Andean coast has a wealth of comparative material from different types of societies </li></ul>http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Área_Cultural_Andina.png

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Health and Social Complexity on the Central Andean Coast <ul><li>Pechenkina et al. (2007): </li></ul><ul><ul><li>“ The Middle Preceramic… exhibits the lowest rates of all indicators of physiological stress….” </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>“ A significant deterioration of health during the subsequent periods is suggested by the majority of skeletal indicators,” (p. 111). </li></ul></ul>

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What About the Late Intermediate Period? <ul><li>On the Central Coast, the Ychsma state controlled the Rímac and Lurín Valleys </li></ul><ul><li>The Ychsma state had urban centers, including Pachacamac and Armatambo </li></ul><ul><li>Maybe the greater command of labor acted to improve health and increase the population... </li></ul>Pyramid with Ramp at Pachacamac

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Hypotheses <ul><li>Subadult health in the Ychsma state will be better than in the earlier non-states </li></ul><ul><li>Adult activity levels in the Ychsma state will be greater than in the earlier non-states </li></ul>

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Armatambo (Urban State) <ul><li>Excavated by Maria Perez </li></ul><ul><li>Part of a salvage operation in 1997 </li></ul><ul><li>Now part of the Chorrillos district of Lima </li></ul><ul><li>Collection has 41 adults and 14 subadults </li></ul>

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Comparative Sample <ul><li>Paloma (fishing village) </li></ul><ul><li>Cardal (beginning social stratification) </li></ul><ul><li>Villa El Salvador/Tablada De Lurín (localized polity) </li></ul>

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Indicators of Health and Activity <ul><li>Several indicators show subadult health, when bone is most susceptible to disease </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Cribra orbitalia (CO) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Porotic hyperostosis (PH) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Periosteal lesions </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Degenerative joint disease shows high physical activity in adults </li></ul>

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Expectations <ul><li>Compared to collections from non-states, the Armatambo collection should show: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Less cribra orbitalia </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Less porotic hyperostosis </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Fewer subadult periosteal lesions </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Compared to collections from non-states, the Armatambo collection should show more adult DJD </li></ul>

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Results (Subadult Health) Subadult CO

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Results (Subadult Health) 2 Subadult PH

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Results (Subadult Health) 3 Subadult Periosteal Lesions

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Results (Adult Health) 1 Cervical Vertebra DJD

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Results (Adult Health) 2 Thoracic Vertebra DJD

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Results (Adult Health) 3 Lumbar Vertebrae DJD

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Conclusion 1 <ul><li>Question: How is health related to social complexity? </li></ul><ul><li>Background: Worsening health in non-states with increasing complexity </li></ul><ul><li>Expected: Better subadult health and more adult activity in the state compared to non-states </li></ul>

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Conclusion 2 <ul><li>Findings: The Armatambo collection reversed a trend of worsening subadult chronic anemia with increasing social complexity </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Signs of chronic bacterial infections showed no clear pattern with social complexity </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Armatambo adults had more thoracic DJD than non-state adults </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Further Research Questions: Why just the thoracic vertebrae? </li></ul>

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Acknowledgements <ul><li>My dissertation committee: Bob Benfer, Debby Pearsall, Ed Brent, Ray Wood, and Chris VanPool </li></ul><ul><li>Kathy Forgey and Dawn Sturk </li></ul><ul><li>Life Sciences Fellowship at MU </li></ul><ul><li>El Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia </li></ul><ul><li>Maritza Perez </li></ul><ul><li>Mercedes Delgado </li></ul><ul><li>Kate Pechenkina, Joe Vradenburg, Matt Rhode, and Ahmad Abu Dalou </li></ul><ul><li>My field school students: 2007: Andrea, Beckie, Crystal, Fernando, and Ruth; 2009: Brandi, Brian, Cari, Chelsea, Clarissa, Heather, Jessica, Justin, Kelly, and Tia </li></ul>Thanks to: