SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 15
Download to read offline
COGNITION
AND
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
NAME: CHAMA AGARWAL
ROLL NO 21
SESSION 2020-22
MEANING OF COGNITION
• Cognition comes from the latin word ‘Congnoscere’ meaning
getting to know or knowledge.
• Cognition is the mental process of acquiring knowledge and
understanding through thought, experience and senses.
• It encompasses processes such as knowledge , attention,
memory, and working memory, judgement and evaluation,
reasoning and computation, problem solving and decision
making , comprehension and production of language, etc.
DEFINITION OF COGNITION
• Free Dictionary
“Cognition is the mental process of knowing , including aspects such as awareness, perception,
reasoning and judgement that which comes to be known , as through perception, reasoning or
intuition knowledge.”
• Webster Dictionary
“Cognition is the act of knowing, knowledge and perception”.
• Neisser
Cognition is "those processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored,
recovered, and used."
TYPES OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES
There are many different types of cognitive processes. These include:
• Attention:
Attention is a cognitive process that allows people to focus on a specific stimulus in the
environment.
• Language:
Language and language development are cognitive processes that involve the ability to
understand and express thoughts through spoken and written words. It allows us to
communicate with others and plays an important role in thought.
• Learning:
Learning requires cognitive processes involved in taking in new things, synthesizing
information, and integrating it with prior knowledge.
• Memory:
Memory is an important cognitive process that allows people to encode, store,
retrieve information. It is a critical component in the learning process and allows
people to retain knowledge about the world and their personal histories.
• Perception:
Perception is a cognitive process that allows people to take in information through
their senses (sensation) and then utilize this information to respond and interact
with the world.
• Thought:
Thought is an essential part of every cognitive process. It allows people to engage
decision-making, problem-solving, and higher reasoning.
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Cognitive Development is the field of study in neuroscience and psychology
focuses minutely on the child’s development in terms of information
processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning and
other aspects of brain development.
• Cognitive development is the emergence of the ability to think and
understand.
• Cognitive development is how a person perceives, thinks, and gains
understanding of their world through the relations of genetic and learning
factors.
• There are four stages to cognitive development. They are, reasoning,
intelligence, language, and memory.
PROCESS OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Jean Piaget was a Swiss biologist . He developed a keen interest in child and
cognitive psychology. He opposed Binet’s idea of defining intelligence . He
defined intelligence as the ability to adjust, adapt or deal efficiently with, one’s
environment.
• Piaget designed a proper framework to understand the structure, functioning and
development of cognitive development of human mind. He postulated that there
are two aspects of human mind.
• One is referred to as Cognitive structure and the other is known as cognitive
functioning.
COGNITIVE
STRUCTURES
• Unlike other creatures the human baby is born with a few
practical instincts and reflexes such as sucking, looking,
grasping and reaching.
• Therefore, the initial cognitive structures of infants are
supposed to incorporate only those cognitive abilities or
potential which help them to do such acts such as look,
reach out or grasp.
• Piaget named these abilities or potentialities as Schemas.
• A schema represents a unit of one’s cognitive structure in
the shape of general potential to perform a particular class
of behaviors.
• The various schemas with their content thus form the basic
structure of the human mind.
• The earlier schemas are inherited , however as the child
grows due to the interaction with environment he is able o
form different schemas.
COGNITIVE
FUNCTIONING
• On the other hand individual has to adapt to his
environment for the survival as well as proper
growth and development.
• The key to his cognitive development lies in his
interaction with and adaptation to his physical
and social environment.
• The task of such adaptation is carried out through
the processes of assimilation and
accommodation.
ADAPTATION
Assimilation:
Assimilation refers to a kind of matching between existing cognitive
structures and the environmental needs as they arise.
For example: where a six month old infant is given a new toy it is likely to
respond by putting the toy in its mouth. This is Assimilation, as what the
child did was to assimilate, incorporate or fit ideas about the new toy into
already existing cognitive structures about old toys.
His cognitive structure about the old toy revolved around the sucking
schemas, therefore he at once responded by performing the act of
sucking.
Accommodation
Now in case , the new toy is too big to be picked up and placed in the mouth, it will certainly need a change or
modification in the already existing cognitive structure. The child will have to change his old ways of thinking and
behaving in order to adapt or adjust to the new situation. Consequently , now instead of sucking , the child may
respond by pushing or grasping the toy. This is called Accommodation as one tries to accommodate or adjust to
new ways of thinking and behaving in place of assimilating or behaving in the same old fashion.
Whereas in the process of assimilation , one ‘s responses are supposed to bank
upon one’s past experience and already complied stock of information, in the
process of accommodation one has to learn new ways of thinking and behaving by
making changes or modifications in one’s existing cognitive structure.
Equilibration
The process of assimilation or accommodation helps the organism to adjust or maintain a
harmonious relationship between himself and his environment. This adjustments mechanism was
called equilibration by Piaget. It can be defined as an innate tendency or continuous drive on the
part of an organism to organise its experiences for obtaining optimal adaptation to the
demands of its environment by maintaining a proper balance between its cognitive structures
the changing demands of its environment.
Cognitive development and cognition

More Related Content

What's hot

Vygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentVygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentDumitru Stoica
 
Cognitive and language development
Cognitive and language developmentCognitive and language development
Cognitive and language developmentCarla Piper
 
Jean piaget cognitive model
Jean piaget cognitive modelJean piaget cognitive model
Jean piaget cognitive modelfathima rishana
 
Cognitive approaches to learning piaget
Cognitive approaches to learning   piagetCognitive approaches to learning   piaget
Cognitive approaches to learning piagetahfameri
 
Vygotsky's Cognitive development
Vygotsky's Cognitive developmentVygotsky's Cognitive development
Vygotsky's Cognitive developmentMark Francis Astom
 
The socio cultural-perspective
The socio cultural-perspectiveThe socio cultural-perspective
The socio cultural-perspectiveLily Pad
 
Physical development in early childhood
Physical development in early childhoodPhysical development in early childhood
Physical development in early childhoodAdrian Ekky
 
Early childhood (Cognitive Development)
Early childhood  (Cognitive Development)Early childhood  (Cognitive Development)
Early childhood (Cognitive Development)Chine Mari
 
Thorndike multifactor theory
Thorndike  multifactor theoryThorndike  multifactor theory
Thorndike multifactor theoryAtul Thakur
 
Lev Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive development
Lev Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive developmentLev Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive development
Lev Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive developmentLeizel Despi
 
Cognitive theory of Jean Piaget
Cognitive theory of Jean PiagetCognitive theory of Jean Piaget
Cognitive theory of Jean PiagetJules Ivan Garay
 
Piaget’S Cognitive Development Theory
Piaget’S Cognitive Development TheoryPiaget’S Cognitive Development Theory
Piaget’S Cognitive Development Theorynewkirker
 
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Piaget's theory of cognitive developmentPiaget's theory of cognitive development
Piaget's theory of cognitive developmentVandana Thakur
 
Lev Vygotsky "Socio-Cultural Development Theory"
Lev Vygotsky "Socio-Cultural Development Theory"Lev Vygotsky "Socio-Cultural Development Theory"
Lev Vygotsky "Socio-Cultural Development Theory"vaishali chaturvedi
 

What's hot (20)

Vygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentVygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive Development
Vygotsky\'s Theory of Cognitive Development
 
Cognitive and language development
Cognitive and language developmentCognitive and language development
Cognitive and language development
 
Jean piaget cognitive model
Jean piaget cognitive modelJean piaget cognitive model
Jean piaget cognitive model
 
Cognitive approaches to learning piaget
Cognitive approaches to learning   piagetCognitive approaches to learning   piaget
Cognitive approaches to learning piaget
 
Vygotsky's Cognitive development
Vygotsky's Cognitive developmentVygotsky's Cognitive development
Vygotsky's Cognitive development
 
The socio cultural-perspective
The socio cultural-perspectiveThe socio cultural-perspective
The socio cultural-perspective
 
Physical development in early childhood
Physical development in early childhoodPhysical development in early childhood
Physical development in early childhood
 
Early childhood (Cognitive Development)
Early childhood  (Cognitive Development)Early childhood  (Cognitive Development)
Early childhood (Cognitive Development)
 
Thorndike multifactor theory
Thorndike  multifactor theoryThorndike  multifactor theory
Thorndike multifactor theory
 
Cognitivism
CognitivismCognitivism
Cognitivism
 
Vygotsky
VygotskyVygotsky
Vygotsky
 
Lev Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive development
Lev Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive developmentLev Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive development
Lev Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory of Cognitive development
 
Cognitive theory of Jean Piaget
Cognitive theory of Jean PiagetCognitive theory of Jean Piaget
Cognitive theory of Jean Piaget
 
Cognitivism
CognitivismCognitivism
Cognitivism
 
Piaget’S Cognitive Development Theory
Piaget’S Cognitive Development TheoryPiaget’S Cognitive Development Theory
Piaget’S Cognitive Development Theory
 
Cognitive development presentation
Cognitive development presentationCognitive development presentation
Cognitive development presentation
 
Vygotsky
VygotskyVygotsky
Vygotsky
 
Cognitive theories
Cognitive theories Cognitive theories
Cognitive theories
 
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Piaget's theory of cognitive developmentPiaget's theory of cognitive development
Piaget's theory of cognitive development
 
Lev Vygotsky "Socio-Cultural Development Theory"
Lev Vygotsky "Socio-Cultural Development Theory"Lev Vygotsky "Socio-Cultural Development Theory"
Lev Vygotsky "Socio-Cultural Development Theory"
 

Similar to Cognitive development and cognition

Jean Piaget theory parag
Jean Piaget theory paragJean Piaget theory parag
Jean Piaget theory paragParag Deshmukh
 
Part-3 child psychology. child psycology
Part-3 child psychology. child psycologyPart-3 child psychology. child psycology
Part-3 child psychology. child psycologyNeeraj Mehta
 
Chapter 6 outline
Chapter 6 outlineChapter 6 outline
Chapter 6 outlinejhoegh
 
Cognitive Dimension in Children
Cognitive Dimension in ChildrenCognitive Dimension in Children
Cognitive Dimension in ChildrenAngelica Guevara
 
cognitive learning theories in education
cognitive learning theories in educationcognitive learning theories in education
cognitive learning theories in educationAmirUllahPhDScholarI
 
Cognitive Developemnt.pptx
Cognitive Developemnt.pptxCognitive Developemnt.pptx
Cognitive Developemnt.pptxSaleem Ashraf
 
Cognitive development
Cognitive developmentCognitive development
Cognitive developmentDr. Manju N D
 
Jean piaget
Jean piagetJean piaget
Jean piagetDr Wasim
 
PIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
PIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORYPIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
PIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORYshivasingh144
 
Piaget's Cognative Development
Piaget's Cognative DevelopmentPiaget's Cognative Development
Piaget's Cognative DevelopmentAmit Singh
 
Piaget cognitive development theory
Piaget cognitive development theoryPiaget cognitive development theory
Piaget cognitive development theoryراضیه rahmani
 
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Arpit Srivastava
 
COGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptx
COGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptxCOGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptx
COGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptxEricaTayap
 

Similar to Cognitive development and cognition (20)

Jean Piaget theory parag
Jean Piaget theory paragJean Piaget theory parag
Jean Piaget theory parag
 
Gean piaget theory
Gean piaget theoryGean piaget theory
Gean piaget theory
 
Part-3 child psychology. child psycology
Part-3 child psychology. child psycologyPart-3 child psychology. child psycology
Part-3 child psychology. child psycology
 
Cognitive theory
Cognitive theoryCognitive theory
Cognitive theory
 
Piaget cognitive development theory
Piaget cognitive development theoryPiaget cognitive development theory
Piaget cognitive development theory
 
Chapter 6 outline
Chapter 6 outlineChapter 6 outline
Chapter 6 outline
 
Cognitive Dimension in Children
Cognitive Dimension in ChildrenCognitive Dimension in Children
Cognitive Dimension in Children
 
Qw
QwQw
Qw
 
cognitive learning theories in education
cognitive learning theories in educationcognitive learning theories in education
cognitive learning theories in education
 
Constructivism
ConstructivismConstructivism
Constructivism
 
Piaget
PiagetPiaget
Piaget
 
Cognitive Developemnt.pptx
Cognitive Developemnt.pptxCognitive Developemnt.pptx
Cognitive Developemnt.pptx
 
Cognitive development
Cognitive developmentCognitive development
Cognitive development
 
Jean piaget
Jean piagetJean piaget
Jean piaget
 
PIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
PIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORYPIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
PIAGET'S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY
 
Piaget's Cognative Development
Piaget's Cognative DevelopmentPiaget's Cognative Development
Piaget's Cognative Development
 
Piaget cognitive development theory
Piaget cognitive development theoryPiaget cognitive development theory
Piaget cognitive development theory
 
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
 
piaget.pptx
piaget.pptxpiaget.pptx
piaget.pptx
 
COGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptx
COGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptxCOGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptx
COGNITIVISM THEORY (GROUP4).pptx
 

Recently uploaded

Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 

Cognitive development and cognition

  • 1. COGNITION AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT NAME: CHAMA AGARWAL ROLL NO 21 SESSION 2020-22
  • 2. MEANING OF COGNITION • Cognition comes from the latin word ‘Congnoscere’ meaning getting to know or knowledge. • Cognition is the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and senses. • It encompasses processes such as knowledge , attention, memory, and working memory, judgement and evaluation, reasoning and computation, problem solving and decision making , comprehension and production of language, etc.
  • 3. DEFINITION OF COGNITION • Free Dictionary “Cognition is the mental process of knowing , including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning and judgement that which comes to be known , as through perception, reasoning or intuition knowledge.” • Webster Dictionary “Cognition is the act of knowing, knowledge and perception”. • Neisser Cognition is "those processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used."
  • 4. TYPES OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES
  • 5. There are many different types of cognitive processes. These include: • Attention: Attention is a cognitive process that allows people to focus on a specific stimulus in the environment. • Language: Language and language development are cognitive processes that involve the ability to understand and express thoughts through spoken and written words. It allows us to communicate with others and plays an important role in thought. • Learning: Learning requires cognitive processes involved in taking in new things, synthesizing information, and integrating it with prior knowledge.
  • 6. • Memory: Memory is an important cognitive process that allows people to encode, store, retrieve information. It is a critical component in the learning process and allows people to retain knowledge about the world and their personal histories. • Perception: Perception is a cognitive process that allows people to take in information through their senses (sensation) and then utilize this information to respond and interact with the world. • Thought: Thought is an essential part of every cognitive process. It allows people to engage decision-making, problem-solving, and higher reasoning.
  • 7. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT • Cognitive Development is the field of study in neuroscience and psychology focuses minutely on the child’s development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning and other aspects of brain development. • Cognitive development is the emergence of the ability to think and understand. • Cognitive development is how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of their world through the relations of genetic and learning factors. • There are four stages to cognitive development. They are, reasoning, intelligence, language, and memory.
  • 8. PROCESS OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT • Jean Piaget was a Swiss biologist . He developed a keen interest in child and cognitive psychology. He opposed Binet’s idea of defining intelligence . He defined intelligence as the ability to adjust, adapt or deal efficiently with, one’s environment. • Piaget designed a proper framework to understand the structure, functioning and development of cognitive development of human mind. He postulated that there are two aspects of human mind. • One is referred to as Cognitive structure and the other is known as cognitive functioning.
  • 9. COGNITIVE STRUCTURES • Unlike other creatures the human baby is born with a few practical instincts and reflexes such as sucking, looking, grasping and reaching. • Therefore, the initial cognitive structures of infants are supposed to incorporate only those cognitive abilities or potential which help them to do such acts such as look, reach out or grasp. • Piaget named these abilities or potentialities as Schemas. • A schema represents a unit of one’s cognitive structure in the shape of general potential to perform a particular class of behaviors. • The various schemas with their content thus form the basic structure of the human mind. • The earlier schemas are inherited , however as the child grows due to the interaction with environment he is able o form different schemas.
  • 10. COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING • On the other hand individual has to adapt to his environment for the survival as well as proper growth and development. • The key to his cognitive development lies in his interaction with and adaptation to his physical and social environment. • The task of such adaptation is carried out through the processes of assimilation and accommodation. ADAPTATION
  • 11. Assimilation: Assimilation refers to a kind of matching between existing cognitive structures and the environmental needs as they arise. For example: where a six month old infant is given a new toy it is likely to respond by putting the toy in its mouth. This is Assimilation, as what the child did was to assimilate, incorporate or fit ideas about the new toy into already existing cognitive structures about old toys. His cognitive structure about the old toy revolved around the sucking schemas, therefore he at once responded by performing the act of sucking.
  • 12. Accommodation Now in case , the new toy is too big to be picked up and placed in the mouth, it will certainly need a change or modification in the already existing cognitive structure. The child will have to change his old ways of thinking and behaving in order to adapt or adjust to the new situation. Consequently , now instead of sucking , the child may respond by pushing or grasping the toy. This is called Accommodation as one tries to accommodate or adjust to new ways of thinking and behaving in place of assimilating or behaving in the same old fashion.
  • 13. Whereas in the process of assimilation , one ‘s responses are supposed to bank upon one’s past experience and already complied stock of information, in the process of accommodation one has to learn new ways of thinking and behaving by making changes or modifications in one’s existing cognitive structure.
  • 14. Equilibration The process of assimilation or accommodation helps the organism to adjust or maintain a harmonious relationship between himself and his environment. This adjustments mechanism was called equilibration by Piaget. It can be defined as an innate tendency or continuous drive on the part of an organism to organise its experiences for obtaining optimal adaptation to the demands of its environment by maintaining a proper balance between its cognitive structures the changing demands of its environment.