Soil organic carbon in nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
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This presentation, by Liesl Wiese, was given on the 26 of June 2019 as part of the SB50 side event Enhancing NDC Ambition Through Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration. Country representatives and experts discussed the potential of soil organic carbon sequestration as a climate change mitigation option and gaps between countries’ current and potential commitments. More info: https://ccafs.cgiar.org/ccafs-sb50-enhancing-ndc-ambition-through-soil-organic-carbon-sequestration
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Soil organic carbon in nationally determined contributions (NDCs)
- 1. Liesl Wiese SBSTA50 Side Event, 26 June 2019 Soil organic carbon in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
- 2. NDCs… Platform and opportunity to specify SOC protection and sequestration targets Policy Technical capacity Climate finance SOC in NDCs National Opportunity Opportunity
- 3. Country Total area of high C soils (km2) Indonesia 132,378 Russia 72,203 Malaysia 19,251 New Zealand 12,710 Canada 10,887 EU 9,245 Norway 8,135 Brazil 7,783 Colombia 6,272 Chile 5,908 Source: Zomer et al, 2017 Yu et al, 2010; GRID-Arendal Uruguay Specifies SOC in peatlands, grasslands and croplands Where is the potential for SOC in NDCs?
- 4. • Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. • Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. • Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum • Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit • Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. • Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat High SOC sequestration potential (croplands) Where is the potential for SOC in NDCs? Country Pot annual increase (Mt C) USA 124.66 India 103.8 EU 84.51 China 65.42 Russia 62.59 Australia 36.23 Brazil 35.88 Canada 26.78 Mexico 21.1 Nigeria 19.77 Source: Zomer et al. 2017 Country Pot increase in average cropland SOC / ha (%) Burkina Faso 81.3 Eritrea 66.7 Mali 63.2 Mauritania 60.0 Niger 60.0 Namibia 54.5 Botswana 54.2 Saudi Arabia 52.2 Sudan 50.0 Yemen 50.0
- 5. NDCs… Platform and opportunity to specify SOC protection and sequestration targets Policy Technical capacity Climate finance SOC in NDCs National Opportunity Opportunity
- 6. Pathways to prioritise SOC at national level… What the experts say Burkina Faso - Economic importance of agriculture - Adaptation to regenerate agricultural soils for food security Canada - What actions and measures can be controlled or legislated? USA - Role of agric in GHG inventory - Practice-based indicators
- 7. SOC in the NDCs… What we found so far SOC specified in NDC agricultural targets ~10 countries SOC specified in general NDC text ~4-5 countries Measures/ practices specified: Climate-smart agriculture (29) Agroforestry (22) Wetland/ peatland (9) Soil management (~31) Sources: Richards, 2019 Richards et al. 2016 Hönle et al. 2018 Revised NDCs
- 8. • Captured global agricultural attention – research, science-policy, practices, MRV… • Time to catch up – great potential to increase country commitments on SOC in future NDCs • Countries have different perspectives on whether or how to set SOC targets in NDCs Conclusions SOIL ORGANIC CARBON
- 9. SOC in NDCs: Imply or Specify? Thank you
Editor's Notes
- NDCs provide an important platform and opportunity for countries to specify soil carbon protection and sequestration related mitigation and adaptation targets, either: Based on existing, or in view of future national policy alignment, technical support and access to climate finance. Especially considering the momentum in SOC work globally since the
- Why include SOC? 1. Some countries have high areas of peatland and high C soils to be protected (GRID-Arendal / 2. Zomer et al) – different sources, same principle 3. Uruguay does not show up on the map, but specifies SOC in grasslands, peatlands and croplands to avoid emissions
- Why include SOC? Some countries have high potential to sequester SOC over the next 20 years (Zomer et al for illustration) Speaking to experts: USA: No SOC target or specification, but have an implementation plan for CSA and forestry which specifies increased SOC sequestration through no-till, cover crops, organic inputs and compost, conservation of wetlands and organic soils, increasing SOC in grazing soils Canada: Specifies stored carbon in forests, soil, wetlands – possibly more an aspirational target. No national authority to protect existing SOC stocks, not specific policy actions to achieve it.
- We see that, at the moment, NDCs do not necessarily reflect national priorities, processes, policies and capacities.
- Burkina Faso 86% of the population depends on the agricultural sector for their livelihood and agriculture dominates the economy. Adaptation actions in Burkina Faso for the regeneration of agricultural soils have been prioritized to support the country's food security Co-benefits associated with implementation of projects in Agriculture and water sector: Sequester carbon in the soil - target of > 5,150 Gg eq CO2 sequestered by 2030. USA: Role of agriculture in national GHG inventory Ensure inventory has capacity to incorporate and recognize management practices Use practice-based indicators Give priority to relationship with farmers and ability to influence farmers Provide assistance through financial, technical and other support systems Identify some of the barriers preventing implementation Canada: What actions/measures can be controlled/legislated Aspirational goal for SOC in the NDC towards seeking opportunities that make economic and environmental sense. Consider practices that have economic benefits that would be more attractive for land users to adopt I.e. in Canada, the option to pay farmers for offset is probably not very attractive. Consider interventions to support the continued implementation of existing best practices and support new implementation of the same
- SOC specified as part of mitigation or adaptation targets: (10): Armenia, Burkina Faso ,Canada, China, Japan, Malawi, Namibia, State of Palestine, Uruguay, Zambia SOC specified in general text: (4) Bolivia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Syria (mentions maintaining soil moisture by improving organic matter content) Measures/practices/systems specified for SOC Climate-smart agriciculture Agroforestry Wetland/peatland protection/restoration Soil management in croplands Many other NDCs also specify these measures (and more) without mentioning SOC.
- Soil – organic – carbon 3 words that have captured the agricultural community’s attention.