1.
Integrating Climate Resilience in
Value Chains: practical examples
WBCSD Smarter Metrics Workshop
March 27-28, 2018

2.
Case 1: Assessing Climate Resilience in
Smallholder Barley & Sorghum, Uganda

3.
‘Guide to Assessing Climate Resilience in Smallholder Supply Chains’
Know your
risk
Know your
farmers
Know your
resilience
Know how
to build
resilience
Know your
progress
Identify threats
to farmers in
sorghum and
barley in
Uganda
Understand
how these
threats impact
farmers in
different
regions
Understand
farmer
vulnerability to
risk based on
resilience
capacity
Design
strategy to
build resilience
of farmers
facing these
risks
Design
performance
measurement
plan
WHY? Climate change is felt now in Uganda. NBL wants a strategy to help
farmers adapt to meet SUPPLY and increase farmers’ RESILIENCE.

4.
Significant increases in temperature and rainfall across Uganda
Projected changes in temperature and rainfall in Uganda by 2050
Annual average temperature (Celsius) Total annual rainfall (percent)
Source: CIAT; BFS USAID 2107. Climate Smart Agriculture in Uganda
Know your risk: Identify threats to Ugandan sorghum and
barley

5.
Know your risk: barley example
Climate Risk Timing Where Potential Impacts on Barley Potential Impacts on
the Barley Supply
Chain
Warmer
temperatures
Gradually
rising
All barley
regions
• Lower and more erratic yield
• Physiological effects, resulting in declining
productivity/quality
• Change in suitability zones such as Agoro,
SW region based on altitude
• Lower and more
erratic yield
• Harder for NBL to
plan right price
and expected
volume
• Declining quality
of grain for
brewing
• Supply chain
disruptions from
severe weather
events – roads in
Mount Elgon and
Southwest
regions
Erratic
rainfall
Already
present
All barley
regions.
• ”Lottery” for farmers deciding when to plant
to maximize harvest
• Declining quality of grain especially through
increased moisture content (rains at
harvest)
Increased
rainfall, hail
storms and
winds
Already
present
All, especially
Eastern
• Crop damage
• Lower yields
Stronger dry
season
Already
present.
Worsened
over past ten
years
All barley
regions
• Weaker crop
• Low yield
Increased
landslides
Soil erosion
Already
present and
frequent
All, particularly
in Southwest
(Kabale)
• Crop damage
• Supply chain disruptions from severe
weather events – roads in Mount Elgon
region

6.
Key characteristics of each supply chain & its farmers
v Procurement trends by region
v Total land size, focus crop size, yrs. experience, altitude
v Chain map – buyers, input suppliers, technical assistance
Know your farmers: Understand how the risks impact
farmers in different regions

7.
TechnoServe | 7
Understand farmer vulnerability to risk
based on resilience capacity
Know your
resilience

8.
Reference: capacity levels for each capital type – farmer level
TechnoServe | 8
Human
capital
Financial
capital
Natural
capital
Physical
capital
Social
capital
Absorptive
capacity
Food security
and nutrition
Net income/
poverty
level
On-farm soil
health
Access to
early-
warning
systems
Access to
informal
safety nets
Adaptive
capacity
Use of
relevant
climate smart
agricultural
practices
Use of
credit
Access to
“climate-
ready”
varieties
of focus crop
Access to
climate
change
projections
Access to
knowledge-
sharing
groups re:
climate
change
Transformative
capacity
Innovation
potential
Saving
sufficient
for on-farm
investment
Access to
quality
planting
material for
alternative,
climate ready
crops
Access to
alternative,
climate-ready
value chains
Quality of
enabling
environment
Know your resilience: Understand farmer vulnerability
to risk based on resilience capacity

9.
Summary resilience capacities
TechnoServe | 9
Barley farmers
Human capital
Natural
capital
Physical capitalSocial capital
Financial
capital
Human capital
Natural
capital
Physical capitalSocial capital
Financial
capital
Sorghum farmers

10.
TechnoServe | 10
Design strategy to build resilience of
farmers facing these risks
Know how
to build
resilience

11.
Examples of the prioritized strategies mapped to risk
TechnoServe | 11
Risks Resilience amplifier Recommendations
Erratic rainfall • Lack of physical weather
station infrastructure
• Lack of service
interpreting and
communicating
information to farmers
• Liaise with Uganda Met and potentially commercial suppliers to
install additional weather stations particularly in Mount Elgon
region
• Pursue partnerships with providers of forecasting and
information dissemination providers
• Support development of enabling environment e.g. set up co-
investment committee with other interested parties such as
coffee growers in Mount Elgon area to develop weather station
and communication infrastructure
Prolonged dry
season
• Access to hybrid seed but
low usage
• Invest in further extension activities to help farmers understand
need, best use, and see benefit from improved seed
• Explore partnerships for input-credit model to reach farmers
directly or via aggregators
Proliferation of
pests
• Low understanding
around pest management
• Low availability of service
providers for pest
management
• Lack of financial capital
for pesticide or pest
services
• Focus extension on integrated pest management systems
• Support development of spraying service providers
• Explore partnerships for input-credit model to reach farmers
directly or via aggregators

12.
TechnoServe | 12
ABI will design performance
measurement plan according to the
investment program
Know your
progress
Know your
risk
Know your
farmers
Know your
resilience
Know how
to build
resilience
Know your
progress

13.
Case 2: Mars Petcare Australia Wheat
Pilot
Resilience. Mitigation. Sequestration

14.
From Mixed Farms to
Continuous Cropping
• Over the last 25
years Australia’s
rainfed wheat-
growing regions
have doubled crop
acres and reduced
livestock numbers
by half.
Dramatic changes in
the economics and risk
of grain farming
• Despite widespread
adoption of precision
ag and small gains in
productivity, farm
income to cost ratios
have decreased
significantly
Declining soil carbons
and long term moisture
and fertility challenges
• The organic matter
content of soils has
steadily declined on
farms no longer
including hay or
pasture in rotations.
Australian broadacre farming

15.
Farming is vulnerable
In New South Wales climate conditions
post 2000–01 lowered productivity by an
average of 6.5 percent
Farms are profitable in years with
favorable weather, but they are
vulnerable to rising temperatures
and volatile rainfall because:
• soils are erosion prone
• structurally unstable
• low in soil organic matter
• mostly acidic and in some cases
saline.

16.
Without much more rapid adoption of soil-
building practices, future climate shocks
and longer gaps between good and bad
years put farms at an increased risk.

17.
Baseline
• In partnership with regional soil scientist input 10 GrainCorp farmers in the CFT and 1 Lawson’s
Aggregation farm
• Established baseline GHG footprint for wheat in the region and reviewed CFT data with farmers
Identify
opportunities
• Benchmarked GHG reduction opportunities against best management practices and tested
assumptions with farmers in the pilot
Develop 5-Yr
Plan
• Set GHG reduction targets for the region using baseline data from pilot
• Designed 5-Yr Implementation plan in partnership with regional farming groups, GrainCorp, and
agronomist

18.
Agronomic trends
Best Management practices
- Include a pasture phase if possible
- Retain stubble (no burning)
- Use lime to maintain/increase soil pH above
pHCa 5.0 (or at least 4.8)
- Increase (or at least maintain) soil C levels
- If continuous cropping, include a pulse in
rotation
- GPS guidance/Controlled Traffic
- Variable rate (VR) inputs (lime/gypsum/
nitrogen)
Contributing farmers (n=7)
- 4 farmers are mixed farming
- 6 farmers always retain stubble
- 6 farmers applied lime (1 didn’t need to)
- 1 farmer has increased soil C, 1 farmer has
decreased soil C, 5 farmers report no long-
term change.
- 4 farmers grow a pulse crop
- All use some means of GPS precision
guidance
- 4 farmers use VR for lime addition
- No farmers used VR nitrogen
Top issues: Herbicide resistant weeds, high risk pricing of pulses, difficulty in
building soil C under continuous cropping, weather-related risks (flooding/frost)

19.
Thank you!
www.sustainablefood.org www.coolfarmtool.org/