Indonesia’s Approach in Improving its
Livestock Emissions Inventory
Improving MRV for Agricultural Emission Reductions in the Livestock Sector
7 November 2016
Dr. Bess Tiesnamurti
Director of
Indonesian Centre for Animal Research and Development

I. Activity Data
II. Progress to date for Livestock
Emission factor using Tier 2
III. Coordination of agencies
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

20,530,461
161,574
CH4 enteric
(tonnes CO2-e/year)
Ruminant
Non-ruminant Year 2015
824,765
2,339,236
CH4 Manure
(tonnes CO2-e/year)
Ruminant
Non-ruminant Year 2015
Ø GHG emission from livestock using Tier 1.
Ø Data animal population from Statistics Indonesia
Ø Emission factor using IPCC default factor (IPCC 2006)
I. ACTIVITY DATA

14,535,549
644,343
1,689,660
1,957,200
1,541,925
161,784
beef cattle
dairy cattle
sheep
goat
bufallo
horse
CH4 enteric
(tonnes CO2-e/year)
Contribution of methane among ruminant using Tier 1

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Male Female Young (1 year)
Indonesia
Malaysia
IPCC Default Emission
Factor for Asia
Actual calculated emission factors for beef cattle for Indonesia and
Malaysia relative to the default IPCC emission factors
(Adjusted Tier 1)

II.Progress to date for Livestock Emission factor using Tier 2
• Type of Livestock
• Sub category
Livestock
Population
• Type of diet
• Feed consumption
Feed Intake
• GE content of diet
• proximate/Feedpedia
Gross Energi
Intake
Methane
Conversion Ratio
• IPCC 2006 guidance
Statistics Indonesia,
Directorat General of
Livestock and Animal
Health
Experimental Results
Experimental
Results
Data used to get Emission factors Using Tier 2
= Emission Factor
Local Data combined with IPCC 2006

65%
4%
11%
9%
7%
4%
BEEF CATTLE
DAIRY CATTLE
BUFFALO
SHEEP
GOAT
HORSE
Contribution of methane from enteric fermentation from
each species of livestock in year 2014 using Tier 2

0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
1.400
1.600
1.800
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
poultry
horse
swine
goat
sheep
buffalo
dairy
cattle
CH4 from Manure (CO2-e Gg/year)
Year
Methane from Manure management in year 2014 using Tier 2

0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
poultry
horse
swine
goat
sheep
buffalo
dairy cattle
beef cattle
Year
N2O from manure (CO2-e Gg/year)
N2O from Manure management in year 2014 using Tier 2

0.000
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Tier 1 Tier 2Year
Trend of CH4 from enteric fermentation year 2006 to 2016 (Tier 1 vs Tier 2)
0.000
0.500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Tier 1 Tier 2
Year
CH4 from manure (CO2-e Gg/year)

Innovation Technologies for Adaptation
Selected breed that adapt to climate change
q Sheep (6 breeds: St Croix Sheep, Local Sumatera
Sheep, Local Garut Sheep, Composit Sumatera
Sheep, Composit Garut Sheep, dan Barbados Cross
Sheep).
q Dairy Goat (4 breeds: Etawah Crossbred, Sapera
Crossbred, Anpera (Anglo Nubian x PE) dan Anglo
Nubian)
q Goat (3 breeds: Kacang, Boer, Boerka)

Mitigation Technologies for enteric methane
A. Feed Processing : Ensilage , ammoniation, fermentation
B. Feed Supplement : Leguminouse leaves, balance ration
C. Feed additives :
1. Saponin (Lerak /Sapindus lerak)
2. Tannin (Acasia, Calliandra)
3. Probiotic (Acetoanaerobium noterae and A. woodii)
4. Complete rumen modifier (CRM)

NO Animal PARAMETER Results
1 Beef cattle 1) Average daily gain 20 %
2 Sheep2) Average daily gain 40 – 44 %
Feed Conversion Ratio 20 %
CH4 enteric emmited 31 %
Extract saponin from Sapindus rarak
1) Astuti et al., 2007.
2) Amlius, 2004
Feed Additives

NO Animal PARAMETER Methane
enteric
emmited
1 A. Wodii CH4 from enteric 9.4 %
2 A. Wodii +
saponin
CH4 from enteric 12.4 %
3 A. Noterae CH4 from enteric 11.6 %
4 A. Noterae +
saponin
CH4 from enteric 19.1 %
Effect of addition of probiotics Acetoanaerobium noterae and
Acetoanaerobium woodii) on enteric methane emmited
Amlius, 2008

NO PARAMETER RESULT
1 Average daily gain 30 – 47 %
2 Feed Conversion Ratio 18 %
3 Feed efficiency 38 %
4 CH4 production from enteric 21 – 40 %
Addition of Complete Rumen Modifier (CRM) on sheep
Thalib et al., 2011

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
CH4 Emission(million tonnes CO2-e/year
years
15 % Reduction
After mitigation
tecnologies
Estimation of methane reduction after tecnologies mitigation
were applied.
without mitigation technologies

III. COORDINATION AMONG AGENCIES
BAPPENAS
(National Planning
Agency)
MINISTRY OF
FORESTRY AND
ENVIRONMENT
MINISTRY OF
AGRICULTURE
LOCAL
GOVERMENT
LIVESTOCK
FARMERS EXTENTION
Coordination to collect data

Institutional Arrangement for GHG Inventory in Indonesia
MoEF
(Directorat
e for GHG
Inventory
and MRV)
Source: National Planning Agency of
Indonesia, 2011
Local Emission Factors from
Research/Universities
For Livestok, Rice
Cultivation, Fertilizer

…Indonesia commits to reduce (its GHG emission) by
26% from BAU level by 2030 and 41% with
International assistance…
1. President Decree 61 (2011) :
2. NAP-GHG, 2014
Presidential Regulation No.61 Year
2011 : NAP-GHG (National Action
Plan on GHG Emissions Reduction)
NAP-GHG: Dual approach for
allocating mitigation efforts
Sectoral
Agriculture,
forestry
& land use,
energy, waste
Regional
Develop local
mitigation action plans
(Regional Action Plan
on GHG Emissions
Reduction/RAP-GHG)
at provincial and
district level
INDONESIA’S POLICIES TO SUPPORT ACTION PLAN ON CLIMATE
CHANGE