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The Semantic Web:
What IAs Need to Know
About Web 3.0
Chiara Fox
IA Summit • March 20, 2009



                             1
Sir Tim Berners-Lee




                      Photograph by Stephen Fry


                                                  2
A Quick Story




                3
Pete




       4
5
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21
Interesting Bits
 Sharing of Data
 Smart Agents
 Variety of Platforms




                        22
What is the Semantic
Web?
An extension of the current World Wide Web.
A seamless web of all the data in your life.
It is a collection of standard technologies to realize a Web of
Data.




                                                                  23
How Do We Make It Go?




                        24
Making the Semantic
Web Go
Structure data and content
Explain relationships between concepts
Share ontologies & data




                                         25
Making the Semantic
Web Go
Structure data and content
Explain relationships between concepts
Share ontologies & data




                                         26
Machine vs People




                    27
HTML -> XHTML -> XML
 HTML
  Combined structure and presentation
 XHTML
  Allowed us to pull presentation out from the content with CSS
 XML
  Get data out of flat files and proprietary databases
  Explicitly call out what data is




                                                                  28
Identify the Bits
 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI)
 The name of a resource or thing
 Use it to name everything
 URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the type of URI we are most
 familiar with
   Both identifies AND locates




                                                                 29
Link It Up
 Link data not documents.
 Break down the silos that exist between data
 Put it in a universal format that everyone shares




                                                     30
Resource Description
Framework (RDF)
It’s a language that allows machines to know what the bits of
data are.
It’s an XML framework.
Used to identify things on the web
  A phone number
Things not directly retrieved on the web
  User preferences for info delivery




                                                                31
Parts of RDF Statements
The RDF Triple
  Subject
    Thing the statement is about
  Predicate
    Property or characteristic of subject
  Object
    Value of the property




                                            32
What’s It Look Like?
 <?xml version=quot;1.0quot;?>
 <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#quot;
         xmlns:contact=quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#quot;>
  <contact:Person rdf:about=quot;http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#mequot;>
   <contact:fullName>Chiara Fox</contact:fullName>
   <contact:mailbox rdf:resource=quot;mailto:chiara@chiarafox.comquot;/>
   <contact:personalTitle>Ms.</contact:personalTitle>
  </contact:Person>
 </rdf:RDF>




                                                                        33
Diagram by Chris Bizer
                         34
Sharing Between Data
Repositories
Need shared, domain specific context
How do you know this subject and that subject are the same?
Need more than just the same format.




                                                              35
Making the Semantic
Web Go
Structure data and content
Explain relationships between concepts
Share ontologies & data




                                         36
What’s an Ontology?
A thesaurus on steroids
Contains the map of all kinds of relationships
  More than hierarchical or equivalence
Limited to a specific domain




                                                 37
Typical Thesaurus Entry
PT: mobile phone
UF: cell phone, cellular phone
SN: electronic device used for mobile
    voice or data communication
BT: telephone
NT: iPhone
    clamshell
    non-flip style



                                        38
Typical Ontology Entry
 PT: mobile phone                 Made by: phone
                                  manufacturers
 UF: cell phone, cellular phone
                                  Use network of: telecom
 SN: electronic device used
                                  service providers
 for mobile voice or data
 communication
 BT: telephone
 NT: iPhone
     clamshell
     non-flip style


                                                            39
Thesaurus to Ontology
Can convert a thesaurus to an ontology
Written in OWL (Web Ontology Language)
Add needed relationships
Express relationships in RDF statements
Links data to other data




                                          40
Web Ontology Language
Expressed in Web Ontology Language (OWL)
Builds on RDF and RDF Schema
Deeper relationships in properties and classes
Designed for use by applications that need to process the
content of information.




                                                            41
Making the Semantic
Web Go
Structure data and content
Explain relationships between concepts
Share ontologies & data




                                         42
43
44
Semantics Being Used Today




                             45
Already Using The
Semantic Web... Kinda
Mash Ups are starting to do that
  Ad hoc
  Different APIs, logic, structures
Social tagging
  Tags add metadata to individual pieces of data
Even travel sites arrogate data from multiple sources




                                                        46
47
Friend of a Friend
 FOAF Project
   Decentralized social-networking system
   Ontology describing persons, their activities
   and their relations to other people and objects
   LiveJournal & TypePad supports it
   Uses RDF & OWL




                                                     48
Using Semantics for
Search
Google isn’t great at all kinds of searches.
Semantics are great for research searches
  Dissertations, literature reviews, research
Good at disambiguation
Searches for meaning or concepts, not just facts
Can pull data from multiple data sources and compare it




                                                          49
Can Ask Different
Questions
Looking for drugs to treat Alzheimer’s
  What proteins are involved in signal transduction and are related
  to pyramidal neurons?
Google: 223,000 hits, 0 results
Linked healthcare data: 32 hits, 32 results




                                                                      50
How Do IAs Help?
Think beyond the CV & thesaurus
What do our interfaces look like when we bring all different
types of data together?
  How can we use UX design for these applications?
These are the backend systems -- what are the problems they
are solving?




                                                               51
Learn More




             52
Where To Go
W3C Semantic Web Activity
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
Semantic Web Wiki
http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Main_Page
Semantic Technologies Conference
http://www.semantic-conference.com/




                                        53
Book Resources
A Semantic Web Primer, 2nd Edition
by Grigoris Antoniou & Frank van Harmelen


Finding the Concept, Not Just the Word: a
Librarian's Guide to Ontologies and Semantics by
Brandy E King & Kathy Reinold


Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist
by Dean Allemang & Jim Hendler


                                                   54
Thank You!
Feel free to contact me with questions & comments.


Email: chiara@adaptivepath.com


This presentation is available at: www.chiarafox.com




                                                       55
April 2-3, 2009                May 11-14, 2009                September 15-18, 2009
                               Berlin                         San Francisco
San Francisco
                               June 15-18, 2009
                               San Francisco                  http://uxweek.com/
http://adaptivepath.com/
                               November 2-5, 2009
events/2009/apr
                               Washington, D.C.

                               http://adaptivepath.com/
                               events/2009/uxi/


        Use promotional code FOCF and get 15% off the registration price.
                                                                                      56

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The Semantic Web: What IAs Need to Know About Web 3.0

  • 1. The Semantic Web: What IAs Need to Know About Web 3.0 Chiara Fox IA Summit • March 20, 2009 1
  • 2. Sir Tim Berners-Lee Photograph by Stephen Fry 2
  • 4. Pete 4
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  • 22. Interesting Bits Sharing of Data Smart Agents Variety of Platforms 22
  • 23. What is the Semantic Web? An extension of the current World Wide Web. A seamless web of all the data in your life. It is a collection of standard technologies to realize a Web of Data. 23
  • 24. How Do We Make It Go? 24
  • 25. Making the Semantic Web Go Structure data and content Explain relationships between concepts Share ontologies & data 25
  • 26. Making the Semantic Web Go Structure data and content Explain relationships between concepts Share ontologies & data 26
  • 28. HTML -> XHTML -> XML HTML Combined structure and presentation XHTML Allowed us to pull presentation out from the content with CSS XML Get data out of flat files and proprietary databases Explicitly call out what data is 28
  • 29. Identify the Bits Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI) The name of a resource or thing Use it to name everything URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the type of URI we are most familiar with Both identifies AND locates 29
  • 30. Link It Up Link data not documents. Break down the silos that exist between data Put it in a universal format that everyone shares 30
  • 31. Resource Description Framework (RDF) It’s a language that allows machines to know what the bits of data are. It’s an XML framework. Used to identify things on the web A phone number Things not directly retrieved on the web User preferences for info delivery 31
  • 32. Parts of RDF Statements The RDF Triple Subject Thing the statement is about Predicate Property or characteristic of subject Object Value of the property 32
  • 33. What’s It Look Like? <?xml version=quot;1.0quot;?> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#quot; xmlns:contact=quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#quot;> <contact:Person rdf:about=quot;http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#mequot;> <contact:fullName>Chiara Fox</contact:fullName> <contact:mailbox rdf:resource=quot;mailto:chiara@chiarafox.comquot;/> <contact:personalTitle>Ms.</contact:personalTitle> </contact:Person> </rdf:RDF> 33
  • 34. Diagram by Chris Bizer 34
  • 35. Sharing Between Data Repositories Need shared, domain specific context How do you know this subject and that subject are the same? Need more than just the same format. 35
  • 36. Making the Semantic Web Go Structure data and content Explain relationships between concepts Share ontologies & data 36
  • 37. What’s an Ontology? A thesaurus on steroids Contains the map of all kinds of relationships More than hierarchical or equivalence Limited to a specific domain 37
  • 38. Typical Thesaurus Entry PT: mobile phone UF: cell phone, cellular phone SN: electronic device used for mobile voice or data communication BT: telephone NT: iPhone clamshell non-flip style 38
  • 39. Typical Ontology Entry PT: mobile phone Made by: phone manufacturers UF: cell phone, cellular phone Use network of: telecom SN: electronic device used service providers for mobile voice or data communication BT: telephone NT: iPhone clamshell non-flip style 39
  • 40. Thesaurus to Ontology Can convert a thesaurus to an ontology Written in OWL (Web Ontology Language) Add needed relationships Express relationships in RDF statements Links data to other data 40
  • 41. Web Ontology Language Expressed in Web Ontology Language (OWL) Builds on RDF and RDF Schema Deeper relationships in properties and classes Designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information. 41
  • 42. Making the Semantic Web Go Structure data and content Explain relationships between concepts Share ontologies & data 42
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  • 46. Already Using The Semantic Web... Kinda Mash Ups are starting to do that Ad hoc Different APIs, logic, structures Social tagging Tags add metadata to individual pieces of data Even travel sites arrogate data from multiple sources 46
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  • 48. Friend of a Friend FOAF Project Decentralized social-networking system Ontology describing persons, their activities and their relations to other people and objects LiveJournal & TypePad supports it Uses RDF & OWL 48
  • 49. Using Semantics for Search Google isn’t great at all kinds of searches. Semantics are great for research searches Dissertations, literature reviews, research Good at disambiguation Searches for meaning or concepts, not just facts Can pull data from multiple data sources and compare it 49
  • 50. Can Ask Different Questions Looking for drugs to treat Alzheimer’s What proteins are involved in signal transduction and are related to pyramidal neurons? Google: 223,000 hits, 0 results Linked healthcare data: 32 hits, 32 results 50
  • 51. How Do IAs Help? Think beyond the CV & thesaurus What do our interfaces look like when we bring all different types of data together? How can we use UX design for these applications? These are the backend systems -- what are the problems they are solving? 51
  • 53. Where To Go W3C Semantic Web Activity http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ Semantic Web Wiki http://semanticweb.org/wiki/Main_Page Semantic Technologies Conference http://www.semantic-conference.com/ 53
  • 54. Book Resources A Semantic Web Primer, 2nd Edition by Grigoris Antoniou & Frank van Harmelen Finding the Concept, Not Just the Word: a Librarian's Guide to Ontologies and Semantics by Brandy E King & Kathy Reinold Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist by Dean Allemang & Jim Hendler 54
  • 55. Thank You! Feel free to contact me with questions & comments. Email: chiara@adaptivepath.com This presentation is available at: www.chiarafox.com 55
  • 56. April 2-3, 2009 May 11-14, 2009 September 15-18, 2009 Berlin San Francisco San Francisco June 15-18, 2009 San Francisco http://uxweek.com/ http://adaptivepath.com/ November 2-5, 2009 events/2009/apr Washington, D.C. http://adaptivepath.com/ events/2009/uxi/ Use promotional code FOCF and get 15% off the registration price. 56