2. U.S. Fights Communism Containment: plan to stop the spread of communism The Truman Doctrine: U.S. policy to help weaker nations prevent communist takeover Money and weapons were given to countries that were fighting against communist rebels Ex. Greece and Turkey Introduced containment policy The Marshall Plan: U.S. plan to give aid to nations of Western Europe to prevent communist takeovers Gave $13 billion to help rebuild economies damaged by WWII Western Europeans were no longer desperate and most weren’t interested in turning to communism
3. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) NATO: anti-communist military alliance created to protect member nations from threats by communist forces Led by the United States Included anti-communist nations from all over the world Helped fight the spread of communism
4. The Warsaw Pact The Warsaw Pact: communist military alliance created to protect member nations from anti-communist forces Created in response to the creation of NATO Led by the Soviet Union Included communist nations from Central and Eastern Europe
7. Communism Spreads to China China during WWII Ruled by Nationalist Party (KMT) Led by Chiang Kai-shek Anti-communist ally of the United States Communist Revolution Communist rebels fight Nationalists for power Nationalists flee to Taiwan Communists take control of China (1949) People’s Republic of China is established Mao Zedong becomes dictator
8. Communist China Great Leap Forward (1958): Chairman Mao’s five-year economic plan to modernize China Rapid shift from farming to industry Privately-owned farms seized and combined to form large government-run farms Many peasants taken from farms and forced to work in factories Very harsh treatment of those who resisted
9. Results Production of low-quality manufactured goods Food shortages: 15-20 million people died of starvation Many Chinese began rebelling against Mao’s harsh form of communism
10. Communist China Cultural Revolution (1966-1976): Chairman Mao’s effort to increase control of China and create a more “pure” communist state Red Guards: gangs of young people ordered by Chairman Mao to destroy “old” ideas and attack anyone who opposed communist views Mao’s enemies were purged from Communist Party Led to years of chaos
