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Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction



    




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




“Design, v.: What you regret not doing later on.”




                  /usr/games/fortune




              Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
     How about the means of interaction
       between user(s) and software?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                         Human

a person who tries to accomplish a goal




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                      Computer

        runs applications (software)




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                      Computer

        runs applications (software)



              locally versus remotely



         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




first game developed on PDP (1960s)
                   Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                      Interaction

“dialogue” between humans and computers




           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The interaction between user(s) and application(s)
  is achieved via an interface – user interface




               Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The interaction between user(s) and application(s)
  is achieved via an interface – user interface

       API (Application Programming Interface)
                        versus
                  UI (User Interface)


               Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




          Types of user interfaces:

conventional (classical) UI – e.g., desktop




           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




     Graficon (Douglas Engelbart, 1963)
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




              Types of user interfaces:

  conventional (classical) UI – e.g., desktop

     WIMP (Window Icon Menu Pointer) paradigm,
 interaction via keyboard & mouse + additional devices,
     graphical representations (bitmap vs. vectorial),
support provided by the OS kernel vs. a desktop system,
                      multi-tasking
               Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




             Bryce (Kai Krause, 1997)
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




        Types of user interfaces:

                   Web interface




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




WorldWideWeb280slides (2010)
             system (Tim Berners-Lee, ~1990)
        www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html
          Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




          Types of user interfaces:

                     Web interface
browser – limited controls provided by (X)HTML,
             hypertext/hypermedia,
       RIA (Rich Internet Applications),
           (a)synchronous interaction,
      availability – world-wide audience,
                    standards
           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                    280slides (2010)
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




        Types of user interfaces:

           mobile user interface




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




        Types of user interfaces:

           mobile user interface

         limited resources/features:
    resolution, memory, I/O, power etc.,
         one task vs. multi-tasking,
             off-line vs. on-line,
           task-oriented software
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




        Types of user interfaces:

              unconventional UI




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




               Types of user interfaces:

                     unconventional UI

     new interaction paradigms + new expectations,
haptic, gesture, locomotion, auditory & voice, tangible UI,
              augmented and virtual reality,
                    physical computing,
                ambient intelligence (AmI)
                Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




Stefan Negru, 2009Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
                Dr.
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




 User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface

              part of a program/application
     – at the desktop, Web, mobile device,… level –
 which permits users to expose their intentions (goals)
  with respect to the actual software and to interpret
the results of certain actions performed by the machine



              Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface

perceived by the user not only as a visual part
       of a certain software application




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface

      from the point of view of an user,
        it represents the entire system

                   the application per se




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface



                              useful




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface



                              usable




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface



                                used




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




 Everyone who uses a (software) tool
   is conducted by a motivation




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




finding an Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busacouser, etc.
         Dr. entity: information, object,
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




            (self)learning/instruction
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




performing a process – e.g., a (business) transaction

             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




social interactions – at a real and/or virtual level
           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




              creating an artifact:
(micro)blog note, picture, article, source-code,...
           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




 entertainment – individual vs. community
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




  Define the perception of a product/service
from the point of view of person(s) who use it
   and the apparent pleasure/satisfaction




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




  “Every product that is used by someone has
a user experience: newspapers, ketchup bottles,
    reclining armchairs, cardigan sweaters.”

              James Jesse Garrett, 2003



             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




    Cannot design a user experience,
    only design for a user experience




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




experience = expectationuser is satisfied




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




experience > expectationuser is delighted




          Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




experience < expectationuser is dissatisfied




          Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga
http://garrettdimon.com/pages/improving_interface_design   – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The necessity of organizing the information
           desired by the users




           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




  The solutions of presenting the content
regard the IA – Information Architecture




             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




We can adopt different techniques regarding
           data visualization




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




We can adopt different techniques regarding
           data visualization

                         visual design

                   visual representation
                       infographics


            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




www.veen.com/nextgen.pdf   Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                         understand




                                                               Microsoft, 2008
        evaluate                                  study




                 build                   design

         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction


                                         What are the
                                        most important
                                       aspects regarding
                                        the UI design?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




“Designing interactive products to support
the way people communicate and interact
   in their everyday and working lives.”

            Sharp, Rogers & Preece, 2007




           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                                                               Related domains (Dan Saffer, 2006)
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                      some issues




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




        “Digital products are rude.”

              Alan Cooper et al., 2007




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The user is in charge with the application
          (developer) mistakes




          Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




  The user is in charge with the application
            (developer) mistakes


stupidity?




             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




          Users must think as computers
…even they don’t want to learn the “Boolean” language




              Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




Usually, applications do not help people




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




Usually, applications do not help people




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




 Why digital products are so “nasty”?
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




     Ignoring reality aka the target public
             (the common user)




we tend exclusively to develop software for the “elite”



             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                                                               ???




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




           Conflicts of interests:

                       developers
                         versus
                        business




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The lack of a coherent process regarding
the developing of the common software




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The lack of a coherent process regarding
the developing of the common software


                                                    too many
                                                    amateurs?

            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The lack of a coherent process regarding
the developing of the common software


                                                  typical example:
                                                        Web
                                                   development


            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                                                               Alan Cooper et al., 2007
         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The complexity of software applications is greater
      than the one of the tangible products


                       example:
           an operating system vs. an airship



              Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




     The process of interaction design
is an inter-disciplinary one (Rogers, 2007)




          Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                                  interac-
                                    tion
                                   design




research regarding interaction design (Yvonne Rogers, 2007)
             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




What we want to create (develop)?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




       How about the premises?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




        What are the final goals?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




We’ll really obtain what we hope?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                     If yes, how?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




How about the intrinsic difficulties?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




Can we (re)use an existing solution?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




  The design process must be performed
with respect to the user requirements/goals


       user-centered interface design



             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




   Users (clients) typically speak to you
in terms of desired features and solutions,
       not of needs and problems.


               Jenifer Tidwell, 2006


          Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




  How the software will be used?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




Who will use the developed application?




            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




How often software will be used?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




  How long the user will interact
       to the application?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




 How about the easiness of using
      a given application?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




       Software will be portable?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




    How about the internationalization,
localization, accessibility of the application?




              Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




          Important aspect:
understanding the problem to be solved




           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




            Important aspect:
  understanding the problem to be solved


in order to create the desired design (application)



              Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                          Aspects:

   UI type(s): desktop, Web, mobile,…
          user expected behavior
              functionalities
user categories: children, special users, etc.
                      …


         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                                           con-
                 users                     tent



                           context



         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




    Study: how a phone call differs regarding
       the means used to be performed?

              using a classical phone unit
                          versus
via a mobile device: an old and/or last generation phone
                          versus
           using a VoIP software – e.g., Skype

               Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




               We must consider:

   (the categories of) involved users
          performed activities
 the context of using a specific device
           the environment


         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




     The need of a conceptual model

describes how the system is perceived by its users




              Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




The need of a conceptual model

   software (implementation) model

              user (mental) model

              environment model

         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




   The need of a conceptual model

        “A high level description of
how a system is organized and it functions.”

            Johnson & Henderson, 2002


           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                  Important issue:

 user model versus program model


              Alan Cooper et al., 2007



         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




   Example: the spreadsheet conceptual model

    analogy with concrete tables used by accountants
                     easy to understand
                      simple interaction
              real-time computing of formulas
facilities for further extensions – e.g., URLs as cell values


               Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction

How about the interface usability?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




 Usability refers to the “proper” way
the users can exploit the functionality
           of a given system


                      Jakob Nielsen

www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html

         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                      Learnability


how easily a person can learn to use a system
                (its interface)


            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software EngineeringinHuman-Computerof
       user interaction :: the context Interaction
        the social game computing




        Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                      Efficiency


      after user learnt the interface,
     how can (s)he optimally use it?



         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                  Memorability


  it is easy for the users to remember
    the interaction with the system?


         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                              Errors


the number of potential errors must be minimal
        the user mistakes must be easily
              detected/corrected
             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




                      Satisfaction


the user likes to use the application/service?



            Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




“The applications that are easy to use
   are designed to be familiar.”

                     Jenifer Tidwell




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




     “Attractive things work better.”

                    Donald Norman




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




           Keep the Simple Simple
“No matter how complex the overall system,
    there is no excuse for not keeping
           simple tasks simple.”

                            Jef Raskin


           Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Keep the Simple Simple
  …the most engaging interface of a game?




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




A user-interface is considered to be good
if the application is behaving conform to
        the expectations of its users




          Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




   A user-interface is considered to be good
   if the application is behaving conform to
           the expectations of its users

   “The successful games companies are the ones
that recognize that their business is entertainment,
                    not software.”
        Andrew Rollings & Dave Morris, 2004

             Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




           A. Cooper, R. Reimann, D. Cronin,
     About Face (3rd Edition), Addison-Wesley, 2007

 J. Raskin, The Humane Interface, Addison-Wesley, 2000

A. Sears, J. Jacko (Eds.), The Human-Computer Interaction
  Handbook (2nd Edition), Taylor & Francis Group, 2008

      J. Tidwell, Designing Interfaces, O’Reilly, 2005

               Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction
 interaction, agent, IA, cognetics, markup, art, visual design, KISS,
  control, user testing, idiom, latency, mode, icon, GUI, Fitt’s Law,
  event, human factors, infographics, RAD, metaphor, accessibility,
 privacy, skin, affordance, prompt, menu, pointer, risk, augmented
reality, UX, animation, web, game, graceful degradation, query, tag,
   prototyping, ID, evaluation, task, design patterns, gesture, tabs,
color, ergonomics, feedback, CLI, script, look & feel, AI, navigation,
 role, multimodal, audio, RAD, typography, window, voice, mouse,
demographics, help, l10n, shortcut, direct manipulation, efficiency,
 paradigm, usability, CADUI, experiment, VR, eye candy, 3D, effect,
 WYSIWYG, semiotics, i18n, RIA, style, tooltip, iterative, keyboard,
pervasive, learnability, hypertext, anticipation, handheld, memory,
    social, natural language, methodology, ubiquitous computing,
persona, dialogue, user, screen, wireframe, PUI, zoom, psychology,
recommender system, brand, flow, storyboard, architecture, model,
 responsiveness, satisfaction, touch, undo, metrics, video, semantic
                 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction




         Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco

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Human-Computer Interaction: An Overview

  • 1. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction  Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 2. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction “Design, v.: What you regret not doing later on.” /usr/games/fortune Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 3. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How about the means of interaction between user(s) and software? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 4. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Human a person who tries to accomplish a goal Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 5. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Computer runs applications (software) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 6. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Computer runs applications (software) locally versus remotely Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 7. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction first game developed on PDP (1960s) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 8. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 9. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 10. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Interaction “dialogue” between humans and computers Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 11. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 12. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The interaction between user(s) and application(s) is achieved via an interface – user interface Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 13. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The interaction between user(s) and application(s) is achieved via an interface – user interface API (Application Programming Interface) versus UI (User Interface) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 14. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Types of user interfaces: conventional (classical) UI – e.g., desktop Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 15. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Graficon (Douglas Engelbart, 1963) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 16. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Types of user interfaces: conventional (classical) UI – e.g., desktop WIMP (Window Icon Menu Pointer) paradigm, interaction via keyboard & mouse + additional devices, graphical representations (bitmap vs. vectorial), support provided by the OS kernel vs. a desktop system, multi-tasking Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 17. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Bryce (Kai Krause, 1997) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 18. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Types of user interfaces: Web interface Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 19. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction WorldWideWeb280slides (2010) system (Tim Berners-Lee, ~1990) www.w3.org/History/1989/proposal.html Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 20. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Types of user interfaces: Web interface browser – limited controls provided by (X)HTML, hypertext/hypermedia, RIA (Rich Internet Applications), (a)synchronous interaction, availability – world-wide audience, standards Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 21. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction 280slides (2010) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 22. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Types of user interfaces: mobile user interface Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 23. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Types of user interfaces: mobile user interface limited resources/features: resolution, memory, I/O, power etc., one task vs. multi-tasking, off-line vs. on-line, task-oriented software Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 24. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 25. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Types of user interfaces: unconventional UI Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 26. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Types of user interfaces: unconventional UI new interaction paradigms + new expectations, haptic, gesture, locomotion, auditory & voice, tangible UI, augmented and virtual reality, physical computing, ambient intelligence (AmI) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 27. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 28. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Stefan Negru, 2009Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco Dr.
  • 29. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface part of a program/application – at the desktop, Web, mobile device,… level – which permits users to expose their intentions (goals) with respect to the actual software and to interpret the results of certain actions performed by the machine Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 30. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 31. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface perceived by the user not only as a visual part of a certain software application Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 32. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface from the point of view of an user, it represents the entire system the application per se Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 33. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface useful Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 34. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface usable Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 35. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction User – desktop, Web, mobile,… – interface used Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 36. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Everyone who uses a (software) tool is conducted by a motivation Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 37. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction finding an Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busacouser, etc. Dr. entity: information, object,
  • 38. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction (self)learning/instruction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 39. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction performing a process – e.g., a (business) transaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 40. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction social interactions – at a real and/or virtual level Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 41. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction creating an artifact: (micro)blog note, picture, article, source-code,... Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 42. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction entertainment – individual vs. community Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 43. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 44. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 45. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Define the perception of a product/service from the point of view of person(s) who use it and the apparent pleasure/satisfaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 46. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction “Every product that is used by someone has a user experience: newspapers, ketchup bottles, reclining armchairs, cardigan sweaters.” James Jesse Garrett, 2003 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 47. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Cannot design a user experience, only design for a user experience Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 48. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction experience = expectationuser is satisfied Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 49. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction experience > expectationuser is delighted Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 50. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction experience < expectationuser is dissatisfied Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 51. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga http://garrettdimon.com/pages/improving_interface_design – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 52. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The necessity of organizing the information desired by the users Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 53. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The solutions of presenting the content regard the IA – Information Architecture Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 54. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 55. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 56. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 57. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction We can adopt different techniques regarding data visualization Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 58. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction We can adopt different techniques regarding data visualization visual design visual representation infographics Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 59. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction www.veen.com/nextgen.pdf Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 60. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 61. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 62. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction understand Microsoft, 2008 evaluate study build design Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 63. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction What are the most important aspects regarding the UI design? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 64. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction “Designing interactive products to support the way people communicate and interact in their everyday and working lives.” Sharp, Rogers & Preece, 2007 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 65. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Related domains (Dan Saffer, 2006) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 66. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction some issues Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 67. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction “Digital products are rude.” Alan Cooper et al., 2007 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 68. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The user is in charge with the application (developer) mistakes Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 69. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The user is in charge with the application (developer) mistakes stupidity? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 70. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Users must think as computers …even they don’t want to learn the “Boolean” language Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 71. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Usually, applications do not help people Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 72. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Usually, applications do not help people Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 73. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Why digital products are so “nasty”? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 74. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Ignoring reality aka the target public (the common user) we tend exclusively to develop software for the “elite” Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 75. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction ??? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 76. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Conflicts of interests: developers versus business Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 77. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The lack of a coherent process regarding the developing of the common software Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 78. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The lack of a coherent process regarding the developing of the common software too many amateurs? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 79. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The lack of a coherent process regarding the developing of the common software typical example: Web development Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 80. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Alan Cooper et al., 2007 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 81. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The complexity of software applications is greater than the one of the tangible products example: an operating system vs. an airship Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 82. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The process of interaction design is an inter-disciplinary one (Rogers, 2007) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 83. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction interac- tion design research regarding interaction design (Yvonne Rogers, 2007) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 84. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction What we want to create (develop)? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 85. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How about the premises? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 86. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction What are the final goals? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 87. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction We’ll really obtain what we hope? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 88. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction If yes, how? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 89. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How about the intrinsic difficulties? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 90. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Can we (re)use an existing solution? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 91. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The design process must be performed with respect to the user requirements/goals user-centered interface design Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 92. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Users (clients) typically speak to you in terms of desired features and solutions, not of needs and problems. Jenifer Tidwell, 2006 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 93. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How the software will be used? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 94. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Who will use the developed application? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 95. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How often software will be used? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 96. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How long the user will interact to the application? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 97. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How about the easiness of using a given application? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 98. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Software will be portable? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 99. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How about the internationalization, localization, accessibility of the application? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 100. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Important aspect: understanding the problem to be solved Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 101. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Important aspect: understanding the problem to be solved in order to create the desired design (application) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 102. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Aspects: UI type(s): desktop, Web, mobile,… user expected behavior functionalities user categories: children, special users, etc. … Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 103. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction con- users tent context Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 104. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Study: how a phone call differs regarding the means used to be performed? using a classical phone unit versus via a mobile device: an old and/or last generation phone versus using a VoIP software – e.g., Skype Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 105. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction We must consider: (the categories of) involved users performed activities the context of using a specific device the environment Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 106. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The need of a conceptual model describes how the system is perceived by its users Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 107. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The need of a conceptual model software (implementation) model user (mental) model environment model Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 108. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction The need of a conceptual model “A high level description of how a system is organized and it functions.” Johnson & Henderson, 2002 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 109. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Important issue: user model versus program model Alan Cooper et al., 2007 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 110. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Example: the spreadsheet conceptual model analogy with concrete tables used by accountants easy to understand simple interaction real-time computing of formulas facilities for further extensions – e.g., URLs as cell values Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 111. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction How about the interface usability? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 112. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Usability refers to the “proper” way the users can exploit the functionality of a given system Jakob Nielsen www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 113. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Learnability how easily a person can learn to use a system (its interface) Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 114. Master on Software EngineeringinHuman-Computerof user interaction :: the context Interaction the social game computing Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 115. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Efficiency after user learnt the interface, how can (s)he optimally use it? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 116. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 117. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Memorability it is easy for the users to remember the interaction with the system? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 118. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 119. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Errors the number of potential errors must be minimal the user mistakes must be easily detected/corrected Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 120. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 121. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Satisfaction the user likes to use the application/service? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 122. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 123. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction “The applications that are easy to use are designed to be familiar.” Jenifer Tidwell Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 124. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction “Attractive things work better.” Donald Norman Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 125. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Keep the Simple Simple “No matter how complex the overall system, there is no excuse for not keeping simple tasks simple.” Jef Raskin Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 126. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Keep the Simple Simple …the most engaging interface of a game? Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 127. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction A user-interface is considered to be good if the application is behaving conform to the expectations of its users Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 128. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction A user-interface is considered to be good if the application is behaving conform to the expectations of its users “The successful games companies are the ones that recognize that their business is entertainment, not software.” Andrew Rollings & Dave Morris, 2004 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 129. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction A. Cooper, R. Reimann, D. Cronin, About Face (3rd Edition), Addison-Wesley, 2007 J. Raskin, The Humane Interface, Addison-Wesley, 2000 A. Sears, J. Jacko (Eds.), The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook (2nd Edition), Taylor & Francis Group, 2008 J. Tidwell, Designing Interfaces, O’Reilly, 2005 Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 130. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction interaction, agent, IA, cognetics, markup, art, visual design, KISS, control, user testing, idiom, latency, mode, icon, GUI, Fitt’s Law, event, human factors, infographics, RAD, metaphor, accessibility, privacy, skin, affordance, prompt, menu, pointer, risk, augmented reality, UX, animation, web, game, graceful degradation, query, tag, prototyping, ID, evaluation, task, design patterns, gesture, tabs, color, ergonomics, feedback, CLI, script, look & feel, AI, navigation, role, multimodal, audio, RAD, typography, window, voice, mouse, demographics, help, l10n, shortcut, direct manipulation, efficiency, paradigm, usability, CADUI, experiment, VR, eye candy, 3D, effect, WYSIWYG, semiotics, i18n, RIA, style, tooltip, iterative, keyboard, pervasive, learnability, hypertext, anticipation, handheld, memory, social, natural language, methodology, ubiquitous computing, persona, dialogue, user, screen, wireframe, PUI, zoom, psychology, recommender system, brand, flow, storyboard, architecture, model, responsiveness, satisfaction, touch, undo, metrics, video, semantic Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco
  • 131. Master on Software Engineering :: Human-Computer Interaction Dr. Sabin-Corneliu Buraga – www.purl.org/net/busaco