General Education courses A gymnasium of the mindKnowledge beyond one’s specialtyWriting and thinking across disciplinesWorking in collaboration with othersThinking critically & reasoning logically Developing some computer skills Sensitivity to others’ cultures & problems * Have Fun But Not Too Much! “But perhaps the biggest reason why intellectuals excoriated entertainment was that they understood all too well their own precariousness in a world dominated by it. For whatever the overt content of any particular work, entertainment as a whole promulgated an unmistakable theme, one that took dead aim at the intellectual’s most cherished values. That theme was the triumph of the senses over the mind, of emotion over reason, of chaos over order, of the id over the superego, of Dionysian abandon over Apollonian harmony. Entertainment was Plato’s worst nightmare. It deposed the rational and enthroned the sensational and in so doing deposed the intellectual minority and enthroned the unrefined majority. Therein, for the intellectuals, lay utmost danger and deepest despair. They know that in the end, after all the imprecations had rung down around it, entertainment was less about morality or even aesthetics than about power—the power to replace the old cultural order with a new one, the power to replace the sublime with fun.”—Neal Gabler, Life the Movie: How Entertainment Conquered Reality, Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1998, page 21. Critical thinking tipsThink about thinkingLearn how to unlearnKnow the ‘what’ and the ‘who’Synthesis versus analysisWisdom versus knowledgeAcademia versus the mediaFacts versus judgmentsTruth as a thinking virtue Action versus reactionJustice as a social virtueResist appeals to prejudices Be prepared for different perspectivesDon’t believe everything you thinkLearn the habit of gathering and examining evidence before forming conclusionsBe always aware of illusionsThink sometimes outside the box Truth that Matters to Society “Scientists must seek not just truth in general but truth that matters, and truths that matter not just to scientists but also to the larger society in which they live and work” Philip Kitcher, “On the Autonomy of the Sciences,” Philosophy Today, 2004, pp. 51-57. Consider the Big Picture “Many people fall for mistaken common beliefs regarding their health because medicine today does not look at the human body as a whole. For many years there has been a trend for doctors to specialize, looking at and treating just one part of the body. We can’t see the forest for the trees. Everything in the human body is interconnected. Just because a component found in a food helps one part of the body function well, it does not mean that it is good for the entire body. When picking your food and drink, consider the big picture. You cannot decide whether a food is good or bad simply by looking at one ingredient found in that food.” Hiromi Shinya, MD, The Enzyme Factor: Diet for the Future that wil.

1. General Education courses A gymnasium of the mindKnowledge
beyond one’s specialtyWriting and thinking across
disciplinesWorking in collaboration with othersThinking
critically & reasoning logically Developing some computer
skills Sensitivity to others’ cultures & problems
*
Have Fun But Not Too Much!
“But perhaps the biggest reason why intellectuals excoriated
entertainment was that they understood all too well their own
precariousness in a world dominated by it. For whatever the
overt content of any particular work, entertainment as a whole
promulgated an unmistakable theme, one that took dead aim at
the intellectual’s most cherished values. That theme was the
triumph of the senses over the mind, of emotion over reason, of
chaos over order, of the id over the superego, of Dionysian
abandon over Apollonian harmony. Entertainment was Plato’s
worst nightmare. It deposed the rational and enthroned the
sensational and in so doing deposed the intellectual minority
and enthroned the unrefined majority.
Therein, for the intellectuals, lay utmost danger and deepest
despair. They know that in the end, after all the imprecations
had rung down around it, entertainment was less about morality
or even aesthetics than about power—the power to replace the
old cultural order with a new one, the power to replace the

2. sublime with fun.”—Neal Gabler, Life the Movie: How
Entertainment Conquered Reality, Alfred A. Knopf, New York,
1998, page 21.
Critical thinking tipsThink about thinkingLearn how to
unlearnKnow the ‘what’ and the ‘who’Synthesis versus
analysisWisdom versus knowledgeAcademia versus the
mediaFacts versus judgmentsTruth as a thinking virtue Action
versus reactionJustice as a social virtueResist appeals to
prejudices Be prepared for different perspectivesDon’t believe
everything you thinkLearn the habit of gathering and examining
evidence before forming conclusionsBe always aware of
illusionsThink sometimes outside the box
Truth that Matters to Society
“Scientists must seek not just truth in general but truth that
matters, and truths that matter not just to scientists but also to
the larger society in which they live and work”
Philip Kitcher, “On the Autonomy of the Sciences,” Philosophy
Today, 2004, pp. 51-57.
Consider the Big Picture
“Many people fall for mistaken common beliefs regarding their
health because medicine today does not look at the human body
as a whole. For many years there has been a trend for doctors to
specialize, looking at and treating just one part of the body. We
can’t see the forest for the trees. Everything in the human body
is interconnected. Just because a component found in a food
helps one part of the body function well, it does not mean that it
is good for the entire body. When picking your food and drink,
consider the big picture. You cannot decide whether a food is
good or bad simply by looking at one ingredient found in that
food.”
Hiromi Shinya, MD, The Enzyme Factor: Diet for the Future

3. that will Prevent Heart Disease, Cure Cancer, Stop Type 2
Diabetes, Council Oak Books, San Francisco & Tulsa, 2007,
page 12
*
Be always wary of illusion and pseudo-events
“Historian Daniel Boorstin, in his path breaking study The
Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America, was describing
how everywhere the fabricated, the inauthentic and the
theatrical were driving out the natural, the genuine and the
spontaneous from life until reality itself had been converted
into stagecraft. As Boorstin saw it, Americans increasingly
lived in a “world where fantasy is more real than reality,” and
he warned, We risk being the first people in history to have
been able to make their illusions so vivid, so persuasive, so
‘realistic’ that they can live in them”--Neal Gabler, Life the
Movie: How Entertainment Conquered Reality, Alfred A.
Knopf, New York, 1998, page 4.
The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America by Daniel J.
Boors: First published in 1962, this wonderfully provocative
book introduced the notion of “pseudo-events”—events such as
press conferences and presidential debates, which are
manufactured solely in order to be reported—and the
contemporary definition of celebrity as “a person who is known
for his well-knownness.” Since then Daniel J. Boorstin’s
prophetic vision of an America inundated by its own illusions
has become an essential resource for any reader who wants to
distinguish the manifold deceptions of our culture from its few
enduring truths. Amazon.com

4. *
“Is Google Making Us Stupid?”
“The Internet is a machine designed for the efficient, automated
collection, transmission, and manipulation of information, and
its legions of programmers are intent on finding the “one best
way”—the perfect algorithm—to carry out the mental
movements of what we’ve come to describe as knowledge work.
Google’s Silicon Valley headquarters—the Googleplex—is the
Internet’s high church, and the religion practiced inside its
walls is Taylorism… Drawing on the terabytes of behavioral
data it collects through its search engine and other sites, the
company carries out thousands of experiments a day and uses
the results to refine the algorithms that increasingly guide how
all of us find information and extract meaning from it. What
Taylor did for the work of the hand, Google is doing for the
work of the mind... It would be rash to jump to the conclusion
that the Internet is undermining our moral sense. It would not
be rash to suggest that as the Net reroutes our vital paths and
diminishes our capacity for contemplation, it is altering the
depth of our emotions as well as our thoughts” p. 150 & 221.
“In stark contrast [to the printed book], the Internet encourages
the rapid, distracted sampling of small bits of information from
many sources. Its ethic is that of the industrialist, an ethic of
speed and efficiency, of optimized production and
consumption—and now the Net is remaking us in its own image.
We are becoming ever more adapt at scanning and skimming,
but what we are losing is our capacity for concentration,
contemplation, and reflection.”

5. . . .
. . .
. . .
Think sometimes outside the box
Link the nine dots with four straight lines without lifting the
pen
*
What Is Culture?Culture is all that is manmade: it includes the
language, religion, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, socio-
economic status, educational level, occupation, personal
experience and personality, technologies, and material objects
that are passed from one generation to anotherCulture is learned
Culture is not staticCulture is not monolithicCulture is like the
software of the (hardware) bodyCulture tends to shape our
information environment, mold our mental
models/mindsets/stereotypes, influence our worldview, and
impact our judgment and decision making
Culture and the iceberg analogy
Less than 10% of the iceberg is visible
More than 90% of the iceberg is invisible
The “Tip of the iceberg” idiomatic expression:
Only the part of something that can be easily observed, but not
the rest of it, which is hidden.
Surface culture
Deep culture

6. Source: Moore, James L, III; Milner, H Richard, “Beyond
Cultureblindness: A Model of Culture With Implications for
Gifted Education,” Roeper Review 27. 2 (Winter 2005): 97-103.
Surface versus Deep Culture
“The body is the hardware and culture is the software.” A
Macintosh computer and an IBM computer serve the same
functions, but do so in different ways due to different software.
So it is with different groups - all people eat and sleep; eating
and sleeping are universal, but different groups eat different
foods (pork vs. beef vs. no meat) for different reasons (to
celebrate, because of traditions, because of folklore) and in
different ways (fork vs. chopsticks; utensils vs. hands)…
Conceptually, many people also describe culture using an
iceberg analogy. Above the surface of the iceberg are cultural
artifacts - music, fashion, and art, for example. However, as
described next, what is beneath the surface is termed "invisible
culture" or "deep culture." Deep culture includes traditions,
beliefs, values, norms, and symbolic meanings. Deep culture,
using the computer analogy, is the software.”
a small (one ninth) manifestation of a larger problem
‘Arab/Muslim-centric’ map oriented with the south at the top
‘Euro-centric’ map oriented with the north at the top
Mecca, Arabia
Culture and Ethnocentrism
*

7. The ‘outward’ ‫رهاظلا‬ vs. the ‘inward’ ‫نطابلا‬
You may think about the Quran story of the encounter between
Prophet Moses and a man referred to in the Quran as “one of
Our servants—a man to whom We had granted Our mercy and
whom We had given knowledge of Our own.” This man is
known outside the Quran story as Elkhadir. The story is
reported in Quran chapter 18 or surah of The Cave, verses 60-
82. It is also reported in hadith books, including elbukhari.
The story teaches us that seeking knowledge requires patience.
It teaches us that we need to think critically & deeply beyond
the kind of surface knowledge that we receive from our five
senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch). Indeed if the
five senses were enough to inform us correctly about the world,
we do not need to spend so much time and resources on science
and learning, i.e., on universities.
Moses was concerned with what is apparent or obvious: the
‘outward’ ‫رهاظلا‬.
In contrast to the unidentified man (Elkhadir), Moses was not
patient enough to think deeply about the big picture, about the
context of what he saw, about the ‘inward’ ‫نطابلا‬
َ ‫إ‬ِ‫ذ‬ۡ َۡ ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ ُ‫و‬‫ل‬َ ُ ‫ل‬َ ‫ت‬ ُ‫ٮ‬ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ُ ‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ُ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ۡ‫ل‬َ ُُ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬َّۡ ُ ‫ل‬َ ۡ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬َ ‫ل‬َ ۡۡ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ُ ‫ل‬َ ۡ ‫ل‬
َ ۡ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ۡ‫و‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ ُ‫ب‬ً۬ ‫ل‬
)٦٠) ‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬َ َ ‫ل‬َۡ ‫ل‬‫ما‬َۡ َ‫ل‬ َ‫ل‬ۡ َ ‫ل‬َ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ۡ‫ل‬َ ُُ‫ل‬‫و‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ َ‫غ‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ َ ‫إ‬ِ ‫ل‬‫ه‬‫ل‬َ ‫ه‬ ُ ‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ُ ‫أ‬ ََ ِ ۡ‫ر‬‫ل‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬َ
)٦١) َ ‫إ‬ِ‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ۡ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ل‬ۡ‫ه‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ ‫ت‬‫و‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ َ‫ل‬ۡ‫ل‬َۡ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬ ‫اا‬‫ل‬َ ۡ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ٰ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ل‬‫ن‬ َ‫غ‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ
)٦٢) ‫غ‬
ًَ۬ ۡ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ي‬‫ل‬َۡ‫ل‬َ َۡ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ۡ‫م‬ۡ ُ ‫أ‬ َۡ َ‫ل‬ۡ َ‫ر‬ِۡ‫ل‬َ ِ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ُ‫م‬‫غ‬‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ َ‫ل‬ ً۬ َۡ‫ل‬ ُ‫ٮ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ ُ‫ب‬ً۬ ‫ل‬َ ُ‫ٮ‬‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ
‫غ‬‫ش‬ ‫ِأ‬ ۡ‫ه‬ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ُۡ ُ‫ب‬‫ل‬َ ُ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ ۡ‫ت‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ ُ ) َ ‫إ‬ِ‫ذ‬ ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬ ُ ‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ُ ‫أ‬ ََ ِ ۡ‫ر‬‫ل‬ ‫ذ‬‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫غ‬‫أا‬ ‫ل‬ ٦٣) َ‫غ‬ ُۡ َ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬‫ب‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ
َّ ُ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ۡ ) َ ‫إ‬ِ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ُ َ‫ل‬َ ‫َر‬‫ل‬َ‫ا‬‫ل‬َ ۡ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫غا‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ
‫ر‬ ‫ل‬َ ٦٤) ۡ‫ر‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ل‬َ َۡ‫ل‬ۡ َ‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ُ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ ُ‫ذ‬‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ن‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ل‬َ
ۡ‫ر‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َُ‫غ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ َ‫ل‬ۡ ُ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬
‫إ‬ِ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ َُ ‫ل‬‫ر‬ ) َ ‫إ‬َِ ُ َ‫غ‬ۡۡ ‫غ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬٦٥) ۡ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َۡ ‫ذ‬‫غ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬َ ُ‫له‬ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬َ‫م‬ۡ‫و‬ ِ ۡ‫ر‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ
) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ َُ ۡ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬َ َُ‫ر‬ ۡ َ‫غ‬َ‫و‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ل‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ۡ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ٦٦) ) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫ذ‬‫ل‬َّ ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬ۡ ُ‫ل‬َ َُ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬ًۡ۬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ٦٧)
) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫ذ‬ۡ‫ت‬ ‫ص‬
‫ر‬ ُ‫ع‬ ۡ‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬‫ل‬ َ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ۡ‫ه‬‫ذ‬ ُ‫لا‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ۡ ُ ‫ل‬ُ ‫ل‬ ٦٨) ‫ن‬ً۬ َۡۡۡ ُ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ َ‫ل‬َّ ۡ ‫أَغ‬ ‫ل‬ََۡ‫ل‬َ

8. ) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫و‬‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫ا‬ ُ ‫ل‬َ ۡ ‫ل‬
َ ‫ل‬ ٦٩) ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ََُۡ ۡ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬َ ‫ل‬َ ‫ع‬َ َُ‫ل‬َ ‫ت‬‫ل‬ َ ُ
َۡ َُ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ َ ‫ل‬َ ُ ‫ل‬‫ذ‬‫غ‬‫أا‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ
) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُُ‫ب‬ ۡ‫ر‬ ُ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ٧٠) َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ُ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫لن‬ ‫غ‬َ ‫أ‬ ََ َ‫ل‬‫ذ‬ُ ‫ل‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ً۬ ۡ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬َ ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ُۡ ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬َ ُُ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ
‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬ۡ‫ه‬ ََُۡ ) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫و‬ً۬ َ‫د‬َ ُ ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬َ ُ‫ش‬‫ن‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ٧١) ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬ۡ ُ‫ل‬َ َُ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬ًۡ۬ ُ‫ه‬ُۡ‫ل‬َ ُ‫م‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ
) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫ذ‬‫ل‬َّ٧٢) ) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ َُۡ ‫ؤ‬‫ه‬ ُ‫و‬‫ل‬َ ُ‫ت‬‫و‬ َ ُ ُ‫ه‬ۡ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬
َ ‫ل‬ َۡ َ‫ل‬ۡ َ ‫ل‬َ َۡ ُ‫ل‬‫ات‬ ‫ل‬‫ى‬ۡ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬
َ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ٧٣)
‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ ِ ۡ‫ر‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ َ ‫إ‬َِ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َۡ َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ً۬ ۡ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬َ ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ُۡ ‫ل‬َ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫غ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ع‬ ُ ‫ل‬ۡ ‫ه‬ ُ ‫ل‬َ َّ‫ل‬‫ن‬‫غ‬ ُ ‫ل‬ٰ َ ‫إ‬َِ ُ ‫ل‬ۡ ‫ل‬َ ُ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬َ
) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫ش‬َۡ َ‫إ‬
‫د‬َ ُ ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬َ ُ‫ش‬‫ن‬٧٤( ۞ ) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫ذ‬‫ل‬َّ ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬ۡ ُ‫ل‬َ َُ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ت‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬ًۡ۬ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬ ‫ه‬ُۡ‫ل‬َ ُ‫م‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ٧٥)
َ ُ‫ذ‬ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬‫ا‬ۡ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ء‬َ َُ‫ل‬َ ‫ت‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ََۡ ُ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ل‬َ ‫ن‬ً۬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ ۡ َ‫ر‬ۡۡ ‫غ‬ ‫ت‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬َ َُ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ل‬ُ ) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ر‬ ُ‫ل‬٧٦)
‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ن‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬َۡ ‫م‬ۡ ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬ۡ‫ٮ‬ ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ ‫ي‬‫ا‬ ُ
‫م‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ل‬َ َۡ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ُُ‫ل‬َ َُ‫أ‬ ‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ل‬‫ٮ‬ ُ
‫ه‬‫ل‬ُ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ُ ‫ل‬َ َۡ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ل‬َ ۡ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ب‬ً۬ ۡ ‫ل‬َ‫غ‬َ ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ُۡ ‫ل‬َ
ِ ۡ‫ر‬‫ل‬‫و‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ل‬َ ‫غ‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ٮ‬ ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ ۡ ‫ٮ‬‫ۡه‬‫ٮ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫ن‬ َ‫ل‬‫ل‬ َ ) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ۡ ُ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫غ‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ ُ‫ش‬َ ُ
‫م‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ ٧٧) ‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ُ
‫ل‬‫ه‬َ ‫ا‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬ َ ُ ‫ل‬ ۡۡ‫ا‬ ) ‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫ذ‬‫ل‬َّ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫غ‬ ُۡ‫ل‬َ َُ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬‫ل‬ َ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ٮه‬ ُ‫لت‬َ ‫ل‬َۡ‫ش‬‫ر‬‫ذ‬‫ل‬ۡۡ‫ت‬‫ل‬َ ٧٨) َ‫غ‬‫و‬‫ل‬َ
‫م‬ۡ ‫ل‬َۡ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ُ ‫ل‬ َ‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ‫ل‬َ ُ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ َۡ ‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ل‬َ ‫ه‬ ُ ‫ل‬‫ذ‬ ُ ‫أ‬ ََ ‫ل‬‫ن‬‫م‬ۡ ‫ل‬َ ُ ‫ل‬‫ٮ‬ ‫ل‬‫ت‬ ‫ش‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬َ َُ‫ل‬َۡ‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ل‬َ ۡ‫ن‬‫ل‬ ‫غ‬َ ‫أ‬
) َ ‫إ‬ِ‫ذ‬ ُ‫لا‬َ ‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ ‫غ‬‫ه‬ُۡ ۡ‫ل‬ۡ‫ت‬ُ‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ٮ‬ ‫إ‬‫ب‬َ ‫غ‬‫و‬٧٩) ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ َۡ‫ل‬ ‫ش‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ل‬َ ‫ت‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫و‬ ُ‫ى‬ۡ‫و‬ ۡ‫ه‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫م‬‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ل‬َ ۡ‫م‬‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َۡ ُ ‫أ‬ َ‫غ‬‫و‬‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬
) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ ُۡ ‫ل‬ َ ‫إ‬ِ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َُۡ‫ط‬ َ ‫ل‬َۡ ‫ل‬ ُ‫ه‬ۡ‫ٮ‬٨٠) ‫إ‬ِِ ‫ل‬
‫م‬‫ل‬ُ ‫ل‬ٰ ۡ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ ‫ل‬‫ت‬ َ ‫ل‬َۡ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ر‬ َ‫ل‬َۡ ‫ل‬ ُ‫ذ‬ۡ‫ٮ‬ ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ َۡ‫ل‬ۡ ُ ‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ل‬َ
) َ ‫إ‬َِ َُ ۡ‫ر‬ ‫ل‬‫ب‬ ‫ل‬‫ه‬ ُُ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬ ٨١) ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬‫ٮ‬ ‫ت‬ ُ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬ َۡ ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫ل‬‫ش‬‫ل‬َ ۡ‫ر‬‫ا‬‫ل‬ ُ ُ ‫أ‬ َ‫غ‬‫و‬‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ُ ‫ل‬ ‫لن‬ ‫ٮ‬ ‫ل‬َ ُ ‫أ‬ ََ ‫ت‬ ُ
َ‫ل‬َۡ ‫غ‬ َۡ‫ل‬َ َۡ‫ل‬َۡ ُ‫ذ‬‫ل‬‫ٮ‬ ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬ََ ‫ل‬‫ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ر‬‫ل‬‫ت‬‫ل‬َ َ ‫إ‬ِ ‫ل‬َ‫ل‬َّ َ ‫ل‬َۡ ‫ۡم‬ ‫ل‬َ ‫ل‬‫ن‬َ‫ل‬ُ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ل‬َۡ ‫غ‬ ‫إ‬‫ب‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ُ ِ ۡ‫ر‬‫ل‬َ ُ ‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫ل‬َ‫ر‬ ‫غ‬‫ر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬
‫إ‬ِ‫ن‬‫ل‬َ َُ ‫ل‬‫ر‬ َ‫ل‬َۡ ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ُ َ ‫ل‬‫ن‬‫ه‬ ُ‫لم‬َ َُ‫ل‬‫ٮ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ؤ‬‫ه‬ ُ‫و‬‫ل‬َ ُ‫ت‬‫ل‬ ِ ۡ‫ر‬َۡ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫ل‬َ َ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ُ‫م‬‫ل‬ َ ‫ل‬‫و‬ ۡ‫ه‬‫ٮ‬ ُ‫لت‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬َ َ‫ل‬‫ب‬
ُۡ َُ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ) ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ِ‫ه‬ ُ‫ذ‬‫ل‬َّ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ل‬ ‫غ‬ ٨٢). ‫اۡٮن‬ ‫وت‬ ‫ۡا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ِۡ ‫ل‬‫ر‬ ُ
‫م‬َۡ60 ً۬‫ؤل‬ ‫ِيَلا‬ 82
(60) Moses said to his servant, ‘I will not rest until I reach the
place where the two seas meet, even if it takes me years!’ (61)
but when they reached the place where the two seas meet, they
had forgotten all about their fish, which made its way into the
sea and swam away. (62) They journey on, and then Moses said
to his servant, `Give us our lunch! This journey of ours is very
tiring,’ (63) and [the servant] said, ‘Remember when we were
resting by the rock? I forgot the fish—Satan made me forget to
pay attention to it—and it [must have] made its way into the
sea.’ ‘How strange!’ (64) Moses said, ‘Then that was the place
we were looking for.’ So the two turned back, retraced their
footsteps, (65) and found one of Our servants—a man to whom
We had granted Our mercy and whom We had given knowledge
of Our own. (66) Moses said to him, ‘May I follow you so that
you can teach me some of the right guidance you have been
taught?’ (67) The man said, ‘You will not be able to bear with
me patiently. (68) How could you be patient in matters beyond
your comprehension?’ (69) Moses said, ‘God willing, you will

9. find me patient. I will not disobey you in any way.’ (70) The
man said, ‘If you follow me then, do not query anything I do
before I mentioned it to you myself.’
(71) They travelled on. Then, when they got into a boat, and the
man made a hole in it, Moses said, ‘How could you make a hole
in it? Do you want to drown its passengers? What a strange
thing to do!’ (72) He replied, ‘Did I not tell you that you would
never be able to bear with me patiently? (73) Moses said,
‘Forgive me for forgetting. Do not make it too hard for me to
follow you.’ (74) And so they travelled on. Then, when they met
a young boy and the man killed him, Moses said, ‘How could
you kill an innocent person? He has not killed anyone! What a
terrible thing to do!’ (75) He replied, ‘Did I not tell you that
you would never be able to bear with me patiently?’ (76) Moses
said, ‘From now on, if I query anything you do, banish me from
your company—you have put up with enough from me.’ (77) An
so they travelled on. Then when they came to a town and asked
the inhabitants for food but were refused hospitality, they saw a
wall there that was on the point of falling down and the man
repaired it. Moses said, ‘But if you had wished you could have
taken payment for doing that.’ (78) He said, ‘This is where you
and I part company. I will tell you the meaning of the things
you could not bear with patiently: (79) the boat belonged to
some needy people who made their living from the sea and I
damaged it because I knew that coming after them was a king
who was seizing every [serviceable] boat by force. (80) The
young boy had parents who were people of faith, and so, fearing
he would trouble them through wickedness and disbelief, (81)
we wished that their Lord should give them another child—
purer and more compassionate—in his place. (82) The wall
belonged to two young orphans in the town and there was buried
treasure beneath it belonging to them. Their father had been a
righteous man, so your Lord intended them to reach maturity
and then dig up their treasure as a mercy from your Lord. I did
not do [these things] of my own accord: these are the
explanations for those things you could not bear with patience.’

10. Quran 18:60-82
Read the Quranic story on the next slide:
Moses’ meeting with an unidentified figure
(60) Moses said to his servant, ‘I will not rest until I reach the
place where the two seas meet, even if it takes me years!’ (61)
but when they reached the place where the two seas meet, they
had forgotten all about their fish, which made its way into the
sea and swam away. (62) They journey on, and then Moses said
to his servant, `Give us our lunch! This journey of ours is very
tiring,’ (63) and [the servant] said, ‘Remember when we were
resting by the rock? I forgot the fish—Satan made me forget to
pay attention to it—and it [must have] made its way into the
sea.’ ‘How strange!’ (64) Moses said, ‘Then that was the place
we were looking for.’ So the two turned back, retraced their
footsteps, (65) and found one of Our servants—a man to whom
We had granted Our mercy and whom We had given knowledge
of Our own. (66) Moses said to him, ‘May I follow you so that
you can teach me some of the right guidance you have been
taught?’ (67) The man said, ‘You will not be able to bear with
me patiently. (68) How could you be patient in matters beyond
your comprehension?’ (69) Moses said, ‘God willing, you will
find me patient. I will not disobey you in any way.’ (70) The
man said, ‘If you follow me then, do not query anything I do
before I mentioned it to you myself.’
(71) They travelled on. Then, when they got into a boat, and the
man made a hole in it, Moses said, ‘How could you make a hole
in it? Do you want to drown its passengers? What a strange
thing to do!’ (72) He replied, ‘Did I not tell you that you would
never be able to bear with me patiently? (73) Moses said,
‘Forgive me for forgetting. Do not make it too hard for me to
follow you.’ (74) And so they travelled on. Then, when they met

11. a young boy and the man killed him, Moses said, ‘How could
you kill an innocent person? He has not killed anyone! What a
terrible thing to do!’ (75) He replied, ‘Did I not tell you that
you would never be able to bear with me patiently?’ (76) Moses
said, ‘From now on, if I query anything you do, banish me from
your company—you have put up with enough from me.’ (77) An
so they travelled on. Then when they came to a town and asked
the inhabitants for food but were refused hospitality, they saw a
wall there that was on the point of falling down and the man
repaired it. Moses said, ‘But if you had wished you could have
taken payment for doing that.’ (78) He said, ‘This is where you
and I part company. I will tell you the meaning of the things
you could not bear with patiently: (79) the boat belonged to
some needy people who made their living from the sea and I
damaged it because I knew that coming after them was a king
who was seizing every [serviceable] boat by force. (80) The
young boy had parents who were people of faith, and so, fearing
he would trouble them through wickedness and disbelief, (81)
we wished that their Lord should give them another child—
purer and more compassionate—in his place. (82) The wall
belonged to two young orphans in the town and there was buried
treasure beneath it belonging to them. Their father had been a
righteous man, so your Lord intended them to reach maturity
and then dig up their treasure as a mercy from your Lord. I did
not do [these things] of my own accord: these are the
explanations for those things you could not bear with patience.’
Quran 18:60-82
Prophet Mohamed said “God bless Moses, we wished that he
had patience until God tells us more about their story”
"the six-pack of problems" that leads many of us unconsciously
to accept false ideas:
(1) We prefer stories to statistics;
(2) We seek to confirm, not to question, our ideas;

12. (3) We rarely appreciate the role of chance and coincidence in
shaping events;
(4) We sometimes misperceive the world around us;
(5) We tend to oversimplify our thinking; and
(6) Our memories are often inaccurate.
Source: Thomas Kida Don’t believe everything you think : the 6
basic mistakes we make in Thinking, 2006.
Don’t believe everything you think:
6 basic mistakes we make in thinking
*
Hacking & Leaking
“Who are hackers? Why do they hack? There are no simple
answers to these questions... While each hacker has a distinct
story, there are common themes which appear throughout many
of the stories. Rebellion against all symbols of authority.
Dysfunctional families. Bright children suffocated by ill-
equipped teachers. Mental illness or instability. Obsession and
addiction”—Suelette Dreyfus, quoted on page 17.
“I want to set up a new standard: ‘scientific journalism.’ If you
publish a paper on DNA, you are required, by all the good
biological journals, to submit the data that has informed your
research—the idea being that people will replicate it, verify it.
So this is something that needs to be done for journalism as
well. There is an immediate power imbalance, in that readers
are unable to verify what they are being told, and that leads to

13. abuse”—Julian Assenge, quoted on page 44.
As a student at Indiana State University… I will commit my
energies to the pursuit of truth, learning, and scholarship---
Adopted by the Indiana State University Student Government
Association, April 17, 2002
*
ISU Freshmen Academic Expectations in Fall 2005I expect
college to help me improve my ability to:Find new ways to
think about problems92.1%Effectively communicate my ideas
by speaking91.3%Evaluate opposing points of
views90.4%Effectively communicate my ideas in
writing89.3%Solve complex problems88.3%Understand and
appreciate other cultures87.6%Intelligently discuss politics or
current events80.7%Use computers or the internet77.2%
Source: ISU Office of Strategic Planning, Institutional Research
and Effectiveness:
http://irt2.indstate.edu/home/index.htm
*
Academic Integrity
“Academic honesty boils down to three simple but powerful

14. principles:
[1] When you say you did the work yourself, you actually did it
[2] When you rely on someone else’s work, you cite it. When
you use their words, you quote them openly and accurately, and
you cite them too
[3] When you present research materials, you present them
fairly and truthfully. That’s true whether the research involves
data, documents, or the writings of other scholars
These are bedrock principles… They apply to everyone in the
university, from freshmen to professors. They’re not just
principles for students. They’re principles for academic honesty
across the entire university”
Source: Charles Lipson (2004), Doing Honest Work in College
(The University of Chicago Press), quoted in “A Faculty Guide
to Academic Integrity 2009-2010,” Indiana State University,
page 2.
Academic integrity: Facts versus judgmentAcademic integrity
requires that moral and political judgment be grounded in facts,
not the other way around (as the following four slides could
indicate).
The New York Times and the Iraq War
“Over the last year this newspaper has shone the bright light of
hindsight on decisions that led the United States into Iraq...
Looking back, we wish we had been more aggressive in re-
examining the claims as new evidence emerged -- or failed to
emerge”---The New York Times, May 26, 2004
“The New York Times Company, major newspaper publisher
and media company. The New York Times Company owns
newspapers, television and radio stations, and electronic

15. information services. The company’s flagship publication, the
New York Times, is one of the most influential newspapers in
the world. The company owns the Boston Globe and numerous
regional daily newspapers. The company also owns the
International Herald Tribune newspaper. The company’s
Information Services Group runs a news service and a features
syndicate, and publishes the company’s newspapers on the
Internet.”---1993-2009 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights
Reserved, Accessed 8/20/2009 at:
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761588169/New_York_Ti
mes.html
*
The New York Times and the Iraq War“this war is the most
important liberal, revolutionary U.S. democracy-building
project since the Marshall Plan… it is one of the noblest things
this country has ever attempted abroad and it is a moral and
strategic imperative that we give it our best shot”--- Thomas L.
Friedman, The New York Times, November 30, 2003
Professor Bernard Lewis and the Iraq WarJacob Weisberg
regards Bernard Lewis, who received the National Humanities
Medal from President Bush in 2006 and the Irving Kristol
Award from his disciples at the American Enterprise Institute in
2007, as “the most significant intellectual influence behind the
invasion of Iraq.”[1][1] Jacob Weisberg, “Party of Defeat:
AEI’s Weird Celebration,” Slate, 14 March 2007, accessed 30
June 2007, http://www.slate.com/id/2161800

16. *
Professor Bernard Lewis and Vice President Dick CheneyUS
Vice President Dick Cheney considers Bernard Lewis his
intellectual and political mentor on the Middle East when he
said “You simply cannot find a greater authority on Middle
Eastern history -- from classical Islamic civilization, to the
Ottoman Empire, to the modern period -- than this man [Lewis
Bernard] and his works.”… After listening to Bernard Lewis’
advice on “the history and the way forward in the Middle East”
following the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990, Secretary of
Defense Dick Cheney said “I decided that day that this was a
man I wanted to keep in touch with, and whose work I should
follow carefully in the years ahead. Since then we have met
often, particularly during the last four-and-a-half years, and
Bernard has always had some very good meetings with
President Bush… More than three decades ago, at the height of
a secular era, he wrote a prescient article titled The Return of
Islam. In the 1970s he studied the writings of an obscure cleric
named Khomeini, and saw the seeds of a movement that would
deliver theocratic despotism. In 1990, he wrote The Roots of
Muslim Rage, which anticipated the terrorism of that decade.
And in this new century, his wisdom is sought daily by
policymakers, diplomats, fellow academics, and the news
media.”[1]
[1] Dick Cheney, “Vice President's Remarks at the World
Affairs Council of Philadelphia Luncheon Honoring Professor
Bernard Lewis,” Park Hyatt Philadelphia at the Bellevue,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1 May 2006,The White House,
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/05/20060501-
3.html

17. *
Topic 1:
Global Geopolitics of the Middle EastTopic 1 will introduce
you to the Global Geopolitics of the Middle East, especially
(1) its strategic geographic location(2) its significance in world
history and culture(3) its role in the global economy(4) its
relations with the United States.
Global Geopolitics of the Middle East(1) Strategic geographic
location(2) Significance in world culture(3) Role in world
economy(4) Relations with the United States whose government
continues to commit itself to the security of the State of Israel
Naming and defining the region
The Orient
The East
The Levant
The Near East
The Middle East
The Arab World
The Islamic World
North Africa and Southwest Asia
*

18. 3
The Term “Middle East”
The term “Middle East” describes a region that is neither Near
East nor Far East
It was used by American naval historian Captain Alfred T.
Mahan in 1902 in reference to an indefinite area around the
Persian/Arabian Gulf
It became better known when the British government applied
“Middle East Command” to military forces in the area
extending from the central Mediterranean into the Indian
subcontinent in the late 1930s
It became more familiar in the United States and Europe during
World War II when the Middle East Command Headquarters
was moved to Cairo
See also: Colbert C. Held, Middle East Patters: Places, Peoples,
and Politics, Fourth Edition, Westview Press, 2006
CIA
Significance in World History and CultureCradle of Civilization
The Middle East is often referred to as the “cradle of
civilization” because the first known cities, states, and forms of
writing began in the regionBirthplace of MonotheismIslam,
Christianity, and JudaismHeartland of IslamMecca, Medina,

19. Jerusalem
*
“Arabia was indeed the first staging post in the spread of
modern humans around the world”“Abstract: A major
unanswered question regarding the dispersal of modern humans
around the world concerns the geographical site of the first
human steps outside of Africa. The southern coastal route model
predicts that the early stages of the dispersal took place when
people crossed the Red Sea to southern Arabia, but genetic
evidence has hitherto been tenuous. We have addressed this
question by analyzing the three minor west-Eurasian
haplogroups, N1, N2, and X. These lineages branch directly
from the first non-African founder node, the root of haplogroup
N, and coalesce to the time of the first successful movement of
modern humans out of Africa, 60 thousand years (ka) ago. We
sequenced complete mtDNA genomes from 85 Southwest Asian
samples carrying these haplogroups and compared them with a
database of 300 European examples. The results show that these
minor haplogroups have a relict distribution that suggests an
ancient ancestry within the Arabian Peninsula, and they most
likely spread from the Gulf Oasis region toward the Near East
and Europe during the pluvial period 5524 ka ago. This pattern
suggests that Arabia was indeed the first staging post in the
spread of modern humans around the world.”
Source: “The Arabian Cradle: Mitochondrial Relicts of the First
Steps along the Southern Route out of Africa,” The American
Journal of Human Genetics, 26 January 2012,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00029297110
05453

20. Etymology of “Europe”
In ancient Greek mythology, Europa was a Phoenician princess
whom Zeus abducted after assuming the form of a dazzling
white bull. He took her to the island of Crete where she gave
birth to Minos, Rhadamanthus and Sarpedon. For Homer,
Europe (Greek: Εὐρώπη, Eurṓpē; see also List of Greek place
names) was a mythological queen of Crete, not a geographical
designation. Later, Europa stood for central-north Greece, and
by 500 BC its meaning had been extended to the lands to the
north--- Source: Britannica & Wikipedia encyclopedias.
With no definite etymology of the word “Europa”, one can think
or speculate about the word “Arabia” (from which the
Phoenicians came) and/or the word “Awruba” (a tribe from the
region of North Africa where the Phoenicians founded Ancient
Carthage and settled throughout the Carthaginian empire)??!!
Europa and the bull on a Greek vase. Tarquinia Museum, circa
480 BC
Sumer (Akkadian Shumerum)
*
The Flood Tablet, relating part of the Epic of Gilgamesh
--Neo-Assyrian, 7th century BC, From Nineveh, northern Iraq
Assyrian relief of Gilgamesh, god-king of Sumer
The British Museum,
http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_obj
ects/me/t/the_flood_tablet.aspx

21. Gilgamesh, the hero-king of Uruk
Gilgamesh may have been an actual king ruling in the city of
Uruk around 2700 BC, but he was later deified and became the
hero of many stories and eventually an epic. The Sumerian
king-list, composed around 2100 BC, calls Gilgamesh the son of
the goddess Ninsun and mentions that his father was a 'lillu'
(spirit) who later became a high priest of Kullab (an area of
Uruk). In the later epic, his father is Lugalbanda, another
Sumerian hero king.
By the late third millennium BC, Gilgamesh became known as a
'king of the underworld'. There are five surviving Sumerian
stories about him (dating around 2000 BC), some of which were
reformulated into a great Babylonian epic. The best-known
version of the epic comes from the Assyrian royal library at
Nineveh in the seventh century BC.
*
Babylonia (Babili, “Gate of God”)
*
King Hammurabi of Babylon, d. 1750 BC
Receiving the Law from the Sun God, Shamesh (right).
Hammurabi’s Code was a landmark in social justice. It is the
earliest legal code known in its entirety.

22. Hammurabi said that he promulgated the law “so that the strong
should not harm the weak.”
Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) was the sixth ruler of a line of
Amorite kings, who had established themselves at the city of
Babylon around 1900 BC. For the first thirty years of his reign,
Hammurapi appears to have been a minor local ruler. Hethen
launched a series of military campaigns and gained control of
much of Mesopotamia, defeating the major kingdoms of Larsa
(south Mesopotamia), Eshnunna (east of the River Tigris) and
then Ashur. Mari, an important city on the River Euphrates, was
also captured (the walls of Mari were levelled two years later).
Hammurapi's territory now shared a northern border with
Aleppo in Syria, one of the other great political centres of the
time.
The British Museum,
http://www.britishmuseumshoponline.org/invt/cmcn387520?__u
tma=1.1114606307.1257431658.1257431658.1257431658.1&__
utmb=1.17.10.1257431658&__utmc=1&__utmx=-
&__utmz=1.1257431658.1.1.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|ut
mcmd=organic|utmctr=british%20museum&__utmv=-
&__utmk=145349044
Hammurabai head replica
*
Egyptian Pyramids
Built between 2700 bc and 1000 bc to serve as royal tombs
Encarta

23. *
Carthage
Encarta
*
Arabic
Roman
Greek
Phoenician Alphabet
The Phoenicians developed the first phonetic alphabet
*
19
Holy Sepulchre

24. Jerusalem
Encarta
*
23
St. Paul’s Trip to Arabia
“I did not go to anyone for advice, nor did I go to Jerusalem to
see those who were apostles before me. Instead, I went at once
to Arabia and then I returned to Damascus.” Gallatians 1(16-17)
*
25
“The Bible Came From Arabia”
By
Kamal Salibi

25. London: Jonathan Cape
1988
Kamal Salibi, a former professor of history at the American
University of Beirut
*
“[Prophet], say, ‘God speaks the truth, so follow Abraham’s
religion: he had true faith and he was never an idolater.’ The
first House [of worship] to be established for mankind was the
one at Becca [Mecca]. It is a blessed place; a source of guidance
for all people; there are clear sign in it; it is the place where
Abraham stood; whoever enters it is safe. Pilgrimage to the
House is a duty owed to God by people who are able to
undertake it. Those who reject this [should know that] God has
no need of anyone.” Quran 3:95-97
Holy Mosque in Makkah/Mecca (The Holiest City in Islam)
*
21

26. Al-Idrisi
Abu Abdullah Mohammed Ibn al-Sharif al-Idrisi (1100-1165),
an Arab geographer from North Africa, is the author of one of
the greatest maps of the medieval world. He joined the court of
Roger II of Sicily at Palermo in about 1145.
His major geographic works include a silver planisphere
(weighing 400 kg) showing a world map, a sectional map of the
world, and a geography text, the Book of Roger, that contains
information from his own travels and reports from others.
Christopher Columbus used the map which was originally taken
from Al-Idrisi's work. The IDRISI GIS software (named after
Al-Idrisi) was developed by the Graduate School of Geography
at Clark University.
South
North
West
East
al-Idrisi's world map, Arabic, (oriented with South at the top)
Arab/Muslim Perspective in Medieval Maps
*
AdmiraladobeAlcoholAlfalfaAlgebraAlgorismAlmanacArsenalC
ableCaliberCamelCandyCoffeeCottonEmirGazelleGiraffeMagazi
neMattressMeccaMonsoonSafariSaharaSofaSugarSyrupTariffZer
o
Arabic Numerals
Source: Al-Mawrid English-Arabic Dictionary
From top:Modern Arabic (western)Early Arabic (western)Arabic
Letters (used as numerals)Modern Arabic (eastern)Early Arabic
(eastern)Early Devanagari (Indian)Later Devanagari.
Source: http://islam.org/Mosque/ihame/Sec3.htm

27. Examples of English Words
Derived from Arabic
*
Islamic Calligraphy
*
Pre-Islamic Arabic Poetry
Source: Mustapha Tallas, Shaer Wa Qaseeda: Mukhtarat
Shierya, volume 1, pp. 39-40, 119-120
Arabic culture is saturated with poetic speech
“Since the people of the Arabian Peninsula [and the Arab world
in general] speak a variety of dialects, the inhabitants of
different regions can only communicate easily by using
classical Arabic, as established by Islamic scholars, or modern
standard Arabic, the form of the language generally used by the
media. Beyond their regional differences, however, all forms of
Arabic have certain features in common. Chief among these is
the age-old importance accorded to poetic expression—evidence
for which predates the coming of Islam—which still exists
today in Arabic culture, both Bedouin and urban. Whether it is
in the form of Sufi poetry, with its emphasis on mysticism, the
repetition of the name of Allah in the form of a litany or dhikr,
or the versification of the sacred texts, or of profane love
poetry, which may at times glorify the state of intoxication

28. (despite its prohibition by the Muslim religion), Bedouin culture
is saturated with poetic speech.” – Etienne Dehau and Pierre
Bonte, Bedouin and Nomads: Peoples of the Arabian Deserts,
Thames & Hudson, 2007, page 9
Watch also: BBC World News: Arabic poetry becomes reality
TV hit, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H9UQMjpu8no
*
99.unknown
100.unknown
101.unknown
102.unknown
103.unknown
Arabic Cuisine
Ful Medamis (Simmered Fava Beans)
Khouzi Ala Timman (Lamb Shanks and Rice)
Fatayer Spanikh (Triangle Spinach Pies)
Sfiha, lahm Bi’Ajeen (Flat Lamb Pies)
Tabouleh (Burghul and Parsley Salad)
Tamar Al Gibna (Dates with White Cheese)
Kabab Mashwi (Ground Meat Kebab)
Source: Tess Mallos, The Complete Middle East Cookbook,
1993
Dried Beans

29. *
105.unknown
106.unknown
107.unknown
108.unknown
109.unknown
110.unknown
111.unknown
Arabic Music
*
Religious Affiliations of Arab Americans
Based on Zogby International Survey (2002)
The majority of Arab Americans are Christian

30. Source: Arab American Institute,
http://www.aaiusa.org/arab-americans/22/demographics
*Catholic include Roman Catholic, Maronite, and Melkite
(Greek Catholic)
** Muslim includes Sunni, Shi’a, and Druze
***Orthodox includes Antiochian, Syrian, Greek, and Coptic
Ethnicity of America’s 7 Million Muslims in 2001
Source: Mosque Study 2001, Council on American-Islamic
Relations (CAIR), http://www.cair-net.org/mosquereport/
*
Definition of Race Categories Used in the 2010 Census
1. “White” refers to a person having origins in any of the
original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It
includes people who indicated their race(s) as “White” or
reported entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab,
Moroccan, or Caucasian.
2. “Black or African American” refers to a person having
origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes
people who indicated their race(s) as “Black, African Am., or
Negro” or reported entries such as African American, Kenyan,
Nigerian, or Haitian.
3. “American Indian or Alaska Native” refers to a person having
origins in any of the original peoples of North and South
America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal
affiliation or community attachment. This category includes

31. people who indicated their race(s) as “American Indian or
Alaska Native” or reported their enrolled or principal tribe,
such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup’ik, or Central American
Indian groups or South American Indian groups.
4. “Asian” refers to a person having origins in any of the
original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian
subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India,
Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands,
Thailand, and Vietnam. It includes people who indicated their
race(s) as “Asian” or reported entries such as “Asian Indian,”
“Chinese,” “Filipino,” “Korean,” “Japanese,” “Vietnamese,”
and “Other Asian” or provided other detailed Asian responses.
5. “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander” refers to a
person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii,
Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. It includes people who
indicated their race(s) as “Pacific Islander” or reported entries
such as “Native Hawaiian,” “Guamanian or Chamorro,”
“Samoan,” and “Other Pacific Islander” or provided other
detailed Pacific Islander responses.
6. “Some Other Race” includes all other responses not included
in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or
Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific
Islander race categories described above. Respondents reporting
entries such as multiracial, mixed, interracial, or a Hispanic or
Latino group (for example, Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, or
Spanish) in response to the race question are included in this
category.
Source: Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010,
http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf
*

32. Strategic Geographic Location
Source: Colbert C. Held, Middle East Patters: Places, Peoples,
and Politics, Fourth Edition, Westview Press, 2006, page 4, Map
1-1 (“The Middle East as tricontinental hub, centrally located at
the heart of the World-Island”).
*
4
The Arab League (League of Arab States) includes: Algeria,
Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar,
Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab
Emirates, and Yemen---Non-Arab League members :Turkey,
Iran, and Israel
Strategic Waterways
Strait of Gibraltar

33. Gibraltar: overseas territory of the UK
Population: 28,000
Area: 6.5 sq km
CIA
Britain weighs legal action against Spain on Gibraltar
"Tensions over the rocky outpost at the mouth of the
Mediterranean to which Spain lays claim have turned into one
of the worst rows in years between the two European Union
states."--Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/12/us-
gibraltar-spain-idUSBRE97B0AS20130812
Spain may ask U.N. for support over Gibraltar: El Pais
"Centuries of friction over Gibraltar, a British overseas territory
to which Spain lays claim, flared up this month after Spain
complained that an artificial reef being built by Gibraltar would
block its fishing vessels." --Reuters,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/08/11/us-spain-gibraltar-
idUSBRE97A04U20130811
Turkish Straits: The Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the
Bosporus
The Bosporus Strait, or the Istanbul Strait is about 700 to 3700
m wide
CIA
Strait of Tiran

34. Strait of Tiran
Land boundaries of Saudi Arabia
Total: 4,431 km
Border countries:
Iraq 814 km
Jordan 744 km
Kuwait 222 km
Oman 676 km
Qatar 60 km
UAE 457 km
Yemen 1,458 km
The exchange of territory under the Jordan-Saudi Arabia Treaty
of Amman in 1965 lengthened Jordan’s Gulf of Aqaba coastline
by 24 km
CIA
Middle East Journal; Summer 1968; 22, 3; P. 348
Strait of Bab el-Mandeb
Strait of Hormuz

35. The Suez Canal
The Suez Canal
The difference in sailing time to the East from Europe was cut
down markedly with the introduction of the Suez Canal
Video: Modern Marvels: Suez Canal (50 mn). Synopsis: "Since
the ancient pharaohs' time, the Isthmus of Suez has been the
gateway to trade between East and West. It's thought that the
pharaohs could connect the Red Sea with the Mediterranean
using a system of small canals; but the desert sands buried
them. Not until mid-19th century did mankind readdress the
problem. Since its completion in 1869, the Suez Canal has been
a vital link in world trade and a point of controversy in
geopolitics. Today, more than 20,000 ships transit the canal
yearly."
President Nasser of Egypt declares the Nationalization of the
Suez Canal Company on July 26, 1956
It is estimated that during the decade of work (1859-1869), over
1.5 million Egyptians were forced to work on the canal, 125,000
of whom perished.
When the Egyptians declared the nationalization of the Suez
Canal in July 1956, France and Britain decided to freeze
Egyptian assets in European banks, foreign pilots retreated from
running the Canal affairs, and Britain, France, and Israel
launched the Tripartite Aggression
Today more than 20,000 ships transit the Suez Canal yearly.
The Suez Canal is 163 km (101 mi) long. The minimum bottom
width of the channel is 60 m (197 ft) and ships of 16 m (53 ft)

36. draft can make the transit. The canal can accommodate ships as
large as 150,000 dead weight tons fully loaded.
*
Gulf Cooperation Council
External Security Challenges
“Iran—and Iraq under Saddam Hussein—opposes the inclination
of the GCC states to seek assistance from international powers
to balance the region’s security equation, arguing that Gulf
security affairs should be restricted to the states of the Gulf. We
might recall that the GCC countries have been at the forefront
of those calling for this, as was mentioned in the statement of
their first summit in 1981. However, Iran and Iraq did not
propose a viable alternative regional security vision, and their
words were contradicted by their actions. The actions of these
two countries over the past decades espoused the opposite of
what they had called for; this led to complications and to a
strengthening of the international component of Gulf security.”
HE Abdulrahman Al Attiyah, “Security in the Gulf Region,” in
Arabian Gulf Security: Internal and External Challenges, The
Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 2008, pp.
13-18.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)OPEC's
mission is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of
Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in
order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of
petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair

37. return on capital to those investing in the petroleum industry.
Algeria
Angola
Ecuador
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Libya
Nigeria
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates
Venezuela
Top U.S. petroleum foreign suppliers of crude oil and products
in 2012
(Annual-Thousand Barrels): Canada (1,081,385)Saudi Arabia
(497,570)Mexico (377,350)Venezuela (348,316)Russia
(174,683)Iraq (173,317)Nigeria (161,429)Colombia (157,966)
Source: U.S. Energy Information Agency
http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_a2_nus_ep0
0_im0_mbbl_a.htm
U.S. petroleum imports from OPEC countries: 1,557,591
U.S. petroleum imports from Non-OPEC countries:
2,320,659
USA-UAE RelationsThe United States has enjoyed friendly
relations with the U.A.E. since 1971. Private commercial ties,
especially in petroleum (the U.A.E. is the only GCC state to
allow private-sector participation in its oil and gas sector), have

38. developed into friendly government-to-government ties, which
include security cooperation. The U.A.E. is the United States’
single largest export market in the Middle East and North
Africa region, with $14.4 billion in exports (in 2008) and more
than 1000 U.S. firms operating locally (in 2013).There are
nearly 50 weekly non-stop flights to the U.A.E. from six U.S.
cities. The U.A.E. is a leading partner in U.S. counterterrorism
efforts, providing assistance in the military, diplomatic, and
financial arenas since September 11, 2001. In 2009, the U.A.E.
was the largest foreign buyer of U.S. defense equipment. U.A.E.
ports host more U.S. Navy ships than any port outside the U.S.
Source: Background Note: United Arab Emirates, March 16,
2011, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5444.htmU.S. Relations
With United Arab Emirates, June 11, 2013,
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5444.htm
According to one U.S. Embassy official in Abu Dhabi, there are
some 40,000 American citizens living in the United Arab
Emirates in 2011, up from some 30,000 a few years ago.
USA-Egypt Relations
“Ties With Egypt Army Constrain Washington
WASHINGTON — Most nations, including many close allies of
the United States, require up to a week’s notice before
American warplanes are allowed to cross their territory. Not
Egypt, which offers near-automatic approval for military
overflights, to resupply the war effort in Afghanistan or to carry
out counterterrorism operations in the Middle East, Southwest
Asia or the Horn of Africa.
Losing that route could significantly increase flight times to the
region.
American warships are also allowed to cut to the front of the

39. line through the Suez Canal in times of crisis, even when oil
tankers are stacked up like cars on an interstate highway at rush
hour. Without Egypt’s cooperation, military missions could take
days longer…
“We need them for the Suez Canal, we need them for the peace
treaty with Israel, we need them for the overflights, and we
need them for the continued fight against violent extremists who
are as much of a threat to Egypt’s transition to democracy as
they are to American interests,” said Gen. James N. Mattis, who
retired this year as head of the military’s Central Command.”
The New York Times, 8/17/2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/17/world/middleeast/us-
officials-fear-losing-an-eager-ally-in-the-egyptian-
military.html?hp&_r=0
The Power of the Israel Lobby and the Making of U.S. Middle
East Foreign Policy
Paul Findley’s They dare to speak out (1985)
Edward Tivnan’s The Lobby (1987)
Jonathan Jeremy Goldberg’s Jewish power (1996)
James Petras’s The Power of Israel in the United States (2006)
Mearsheimer & Walt’s The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy
(2007).
Mark Green (ed.)’s Persecution, Privilege & Power (2008)
Jeff Gates‟ Guilt by Association: How Deception and Self-
Deceit Took America to War (2008)
U.S. Commitment to the Security of
the State of Israel is Unconstitutional
1. “The bonds between the United States an d Israel are
unbreakable and the commitment of the United States to the

40. security of Israel is ironclad… I and my administration have
made the security of Israel a priority. It‘s why we‘ve increased
cooperation between our militaries to unprecedented levels. It‘s
why we‘re making our most advanced technologies available to
our Israeli allies. It‘s why, despite tough fiscal times, we‘ve
increased foreign military financing to record levels. And that
includes additional support –- beyond regular military aid -– for
the Iron Dome anti-rocket system… So make no mistake, we
will maintain Israel‘s qualitative military edge… You also see
our commitment to our shared security in our determination to
prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Here in the
United States, we‘ve imposed the toughest sanctions ever on the
Iranian regime… You also see our commitment to Israel‘s
security in our steadfast opposition to any attempt to de-
legitimize the State of Israel. As I said at the United Nations
last year, Israel’s existence must not be a subject for debate,‘
and ‗efforts to chip away at Israel‘s legitimacy will only be met
by the unshakeable opposition of the United States.‘ So when
the Durban Review Conference advanced anti-Israel sentiment,
we withdrew. In the wake of the Goldstone Report, we stood up
strongly for Israel‘s right to defend itself. When an effort was
made to insert the United Nations into matters that should be
resolved through direct negotiations between Israelis and
Palestinians, we vetoed it… No vote at the United Nations will
ever create an independent Palestinian state. And the United
States will stand up against efforts to single Israel out at the
United Nations or in any international forum. Israel‘s
legitimacy is not a matter for debate. That is my commitment;
that is my pledge to all of you [AIPAC Policy Conference
2011].‖--U.S. President Barack Obama (5/22/2011)
2. “I am a Zionist… You don't have to be a Jew to be a
Zionist‖— U.S. Senator Joseph R. Biden (Shalom TV,
3/27/2007).
3. “I have a deep personal commitment to Israel.” ---U.S.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (Haaretz, 4/20/2010)

41. Ten years ago today the debate over the Iraq war came to
Congress in the form of a resolution promoted by the Bush
administration. The war in Iraq will cost the United States as
much as $5 trillion. It played a role in spurring the global
financial crisis. Four thousand, four hundred and eighty eight
Americans were killed. More than 33,000 were injured.
As many as 1,000,000 innocent Iraqi civilians were killed. The
monetary cost of the war to Iraq is incalculable. A sectarian
civil war has ravaged Iraq for nearly a decade. Iraq has become
home to al-Qaeda.
The war in Iraq was sold to Congress and the American people
with easily disproved lies. We must learn from this dark period
in American history to ensure that we do not repeat the same
mistakes. And we must hold accountable those who misled the
American public. --Former presidential candidate Rep. Dennis
Kucinich, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs,
November/December 2012, Page 11,
http://www.wrmea.org/wrmea-archives/520-washington-report-
archives-2011-2015/nov-dec-2012/11464-what-they-said-iraq-
ten-years-a-million-lives-and-trillions-of-dollars-later.html
Iraq: Ten Years, a Million Lives and Trillions Of Dollars Later
Iraqis inspect the site of a car bomb in central Baghdad’s
Karrada district, Sept. 30, 2012. Nine car bombs and a shooting
occurred that day in six Iraqi cities and towns, killing at least
15 people and wounding 42, officials said. (W.G.
Dunlop/AFP/GettyImages)
Iraqi security personnel inspect the site of a bomb attack in
Baghdad, May 30, 2013. Credit: Reuters/Thaier al-Sudani
More than 1,000 killed in Iraq violence in May 2013—Reuters,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/01/us-iraq-violence-
idUSBRE95004P20130601

42. The Department of Defense has updated the Unified Command
Plan (UCP), a key strategic document that establishes the
missions, responsibilities, and geographic areas of
responsibility for commanders of combatant commands. DoD,
12/23/2008, http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/MAP12-
08.pdf
Unified Command Plan 2008
152.pdf
Palestinian Dispossession and Dispersal 1948-2000
Palestine/Israel (4,715,000), Jordan (2,540,000), Lebanon
(500,000), Syria (443,000), Saudi Arabia (334,000), Iraq
(87,000), Egypt (72,000), Kuwait (35,000), Libya (31,000),
Other Arab States (570,000). Source: De Blij, H.J. and Muller,
P. O. (2002), Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts, 10th
Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Page 314.
According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics there
are 11.6 million Palestinians at the end of 2012, of whom 4.4
million are in the Palestinian Territory, 1.4 million in Israel, 5.1
million in Arab countries, and around 655,000 in other
countries.
http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/portals/_pcbs/PressRelease/Press_En_P
alestiniansEOY2012E.pdf
Jewish Settlers in Palestine/Israel 1919-1999
About 3,237,000 Jewish settlers/immigrants arrived in
Palestine/Israel between 1919 and 1999: Euro-American
(71.2%) and Afro-Asian (28.8%). Source: Goldscheider, C.
(2002), Israel's Changing Society: Population, Ethnicity, and

43. Development. Colorado: Westview Press. Page 51.
According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel's
Jewish population at the end of 2012 stands at 5.9 million.
http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/palestinians-to-
outnumber-jewish-population-by-2020-says-pa-report-1.491122
Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict
(1) The gravity of the conflict, (2) Genesis & dynamics of the
conflict, (3) U.S. involvement in the conflict, and (4) The role
of the Israel lobby in embroiling the U.S. into the conflict
CNN
*
Today we have some 5.9 million Jewish settlers or Jewish
Israelis who came from over 100 countries and who live in
Palestine-Israel. We also have over some 11.6 million Muslim
and Christian Palestinians who are the native of Palestine and
who live inside and outside Palestine-Israel (many of them
living in 59 UN registered Palestinian refugee camps in
Palestine-Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon for more than six
decades). The Palestinian refugees continue to struggle to return
to the homes from which they were expelled or fled in 1948 and
thereafter. Israel continues to deny the Palestinian refugees the
right to return to their country because they are not Jewish. This
is the core of the Palestine-Israel conflict. Review carefully the
geography of the Palestinian refugee camps on the UNRWA
map (right) online at:
http://www.unrwa.org/userfiles/20120317153744.pdf and
http://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work
The Core of the Palestine-Israel Conflict

44. “The Israeli Knesset passed The Law for Safeguarding the
Rejection of the Right of Return, 2001”---Israeli historian and
political scientist Ilan Pappe, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine
(2006), page 244
http://ilanpappe.com/
“No refugee can enter Israel as part of the peace process.”---
Israeli Foreign Minister Tzipi Livni told the Conference of
Presidents of Major American Jewish organizations, 2/16/2009,
http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/129979
The refugee problem must be solved outside of Israeli borders.
Their return goes against the principle of Israel as a Jewish
state.—Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, BBC,
6/14/2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8099757.stm
“It was not as if there was a Palestinian people in Palestine and
we came and threw them out and took their country away from
them. They did not exist.”—Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir
(1969), Sunday Times, 6/15/1969. The Guardian, 6/6/2003
2003Ghada Karmi, “The map must show a way home: The
Middle East plan will fail unless it allows the right of return,”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,3604,971664,00.ht
ml
“What are we doing in the villages that were abandoned… by
friends without a battle…? Are we ready to protect these
villages so that their residents may return, or do we want to
erase all evidence that a village ever existed at the site?—Golda
Meyerson (Meir) before the central committee of the Mapai
(Land of Israel Workers Party), May 11, 1948. Source: Quoted
in The Invention of the Land of Israel: From Holy Land to
Homeland, Shlomo Sand, Translated by Geremy Forman, Verso,
2102, page 257.
“I worked with David Ben-Gurion [first prime minister of

45. Israel] and was at his side for eighteen consecutive years,
including the War of Independence. Not only was Ben-Gurion
against the Arabs leaving Israel, he did everything he could to
keep them from departing and prevent them from feeling
discriminated against.”-- Israeli President Shimon Peres (2008),
An Interview with Shimon Peres,” In Israel on Israel, 2008,
edited by Michael Korinman and John Laughland, London:
Vallentine Mitchell, 2008, pages 10-14, page 10.
In 1943, US Army Colonel Hoskins warned President Roosevelt
against the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine In a 1943
secret memo to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, special envoy
to the Middle East US Army Lt. Col. Harold Hoskins, warned
against the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine: “… Not only
you as President but the American people as a whole should
realize that, if the American government decides to support the
establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine… they are
committing the American people to the use of force in that area,
since only by force can a Jewish state in Palestine be
established or maintained.”----Ben Bradley, “The secret files:
Washington, Israel and the Gulf,” videocassette (60 min.),
Washington, D.C.: WETA, 1991.
Source: Jeff Gates, Guilt by Association, page 180
“Sometime in the late 1950s, that world-class gossip and
occasional historian, John F. Kennedy, told me how, in 1948,
Harry S. Truman had been pretty much abandoned by everyone
when he came to run for president. Then an American Zionist
brought him two million dollars in cash, in a suitcase, aboard
his whistle-stop campaign train. ‘That’s why our recognition of
Israel was rushed through so fast.’”---Gore Vidal, Quoted in
Grant F. Smith, Spy Trade: How Israel’s Lobby Undermines

46. America’s Economy, Institute for Research: Middle Eastern
Policy, Inc., Washington, DC, 2008, page 27
U.S. President Harry Truman recognized Israel 11 minutes after
its proclamation,
but he recognized it as a “provisional” government and a
“non-Jewish” state
Palestine Refugees Hearings
before the Committee on Foreign Affairs , House of
Representative , Eighty-First Congress on Senate Joint
Resolution 153
A Joint Resolution for the Authorization of a Contribution by
the United States to the United Nations Relief and Works
Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
Washington, DC, February 16 and 17, 1950
Mr. [John M.] Vorys [House Committee on Foreign Affairs].
Looking at the Path of Immigration it would appear that
800,000 Jews came in , and 750,000 Arabs went out. Would that
be a statement, nearly, of the cause and effect?
Mr. [George C.] McGhee [Assistant Secretary of State for Near
Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs]. No, sir, I do not
think you can say there is a direct cause and effect relationship.
Of course there was a considerable movement into Palestine,
starting in 1919. One might reason that there is an indirect
cause and effect.
Mr. Vorys [Ohio]. I have no further questions.
Chairman John Kee [West Virginia]. Mr. Battle?
Mr. [Laurie C.] Battle [Alabama]. I have no further questions.
Chairman Kee . Mr. Merrow?
Mr. [Chester E.] Merrow [New Hampshire]. I have no further
questions.

47. NB: Members of Congress “have no further questions” after this
obvious and acknowledged ethnic cleansing.
Sands of Sorrow (1950) Palestinian Arab Refugee Camps Video
Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
December 10, 1948
Article 13:
Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence
within the borders of each State.
Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own,
and to return to his country.
Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set
forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such
as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the
political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or
territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent,
trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of
sovereignty.
United Nations Resolution 194 of December 11, 1948 Backs the
Right of Return for the Palestinians
The UN General Assembly Resolution 194:11. Resolves that the

48. refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with
their neighbours should be permitted to do so at the earliest
practicable date, and that compensation should be paid for the
property of those choosing not to return and for loss of or
damage to property which, under principles of international law
or in equity, should be made good by the Governments or
authorities responsible;
Instructs the Conciliation Commission to facilitate the
repatriation, resettlement and economic and social rehabilitation
of the refugees and the payment of compensation, and to
maintain close relations with the Director of the United Nations
Relief for Palestine Refugees and, through him, with the
appropriate organs and agencies of the United Nations.
At the end of 2010, there were 11 million Palestinians in the
World:
---4.1 million Palestinians were in the Palestinian Territory (of
which 2.5 million were in the West Bank and 1.6 million in
Gaza Strip),
---1.4 million in Israel
---5 million in Arab countries
---600 thousand in other countries.
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Press Release,
http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/DesktopModules/Articles/ArticlesView.
aspx?tabID=0&lang=en&ItemID=1603&mid=12235
*

49. The Israeli Law of Return July 5, 19501. “Every Jew has the
right to come to this country as an oleh [a Jew immigrating]”
4. Every Jew who has immigrated into this country before the
coming into force of this Law, and every Jew who was born in
this country, whether before or after the coming into force of
this Law, shall be deemed to be a person who has come to this
country as an oleh under this Law.
*
The Israeli Law of Return (Amendment of 1970) 4A. (a) The
rights of a Jew under this Law and the rights of an oleh under
the Nationality Law, 5712-1952***, as well as the rights of an
oleh under any other enactment, are also vested in a child and a
grandchild of a Jew, the spouse of a Jew, the spouse of a child
of a Jew and the spouse of a grandchild of a Jew, except for a
person who has been a Jew and has voluntarily changed his
religion.
4B. For the purposes of this Law, "Jew" means a person who
was born of a Jewish mother or has become converted to
Judaism and who is not a member of another religion."
*
The Interior Ministry [of the State of Israel] recently granted
citizenship to a non-Jewish gay man married to a Jew, for the
first time applying the Law of Return to a spouse in same-sex
marriage… The case of Bayardo Alvarez, who is not Jewish,

50. and Joshua Goldberg, both U.S. citizens who married in Canada
four years ago, made headlines earlier this year, after the couple
threatened to sue the ministry for refusing Alvarez citizenship.
According to the Law of Return, every Jew and his or her
spouse have the right to immigrate to Israel as citizens, but until
the ruling, this had only applied to heterosexual couples… With
same-sex marriage being recently being legalized in New York
State, the ministry may soon see many more cases like
Alvarez's, according to Rabbi Seth Farber, whose Itim
organization helps immigrants.
"There is a significant Jewish homosexual population in New
York, many of them very strongly identify with the State of
Israel. Haaretz, 9/2/2011,
http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/anglo-file/ministry-grants-
citizenship-to-gay-spouse-of-immigrant-1.382066
Ministry grants citizenship to gay spouse of immigrant
Joshua Goldberg, left, and Bayardo Alvarez in June.
Photo by Tali Mayer
*
NBA star Amar'e Stoudemire heads to Israel after discovering
Jewish roots
“U.S. Basketball star Amar'e Stoudemire is apparently on his
way to Israel for a voyage of discovery after learning he has
Jewish roots… According to an Army Radio report, Stoudemire
plans to spend time in Israel learning Hebrew, having recently
learned he has a Jewish mother”-- Reuters, Haaretz, 7/28/2010,
http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/nba-star-amar-e-
stoudemire-heads-to-israel-after-discovering-jewish-roots-
1.304552
“Stoudemire seeking Israeli citizenship”, JTA, August 2, 2013,

51. http://www.jta.org/2013/08/02/arts-entertainment/stoudemire-
seeks-israeli-citizenship
Israel to ramp up Birthright investment
NEW YORK (JTA) -- Israel's government will more than double
its investment in the popular Birthright Israel program. Prime
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu made the announcement Thursday
night before 3,000 program participants in Jerusalem, The
Jerusalem Post reported.
"My government will give more than double its investment in
Birthright, and over the next few years we will invest more than
$100 million in Birthright," said Netanyahu, according to the
Post. "Together with private donations we can increase the
number of people to 50,000 a year."
Considered one of the most successful initiatives in the Jewish
world, Birthright Israel provides free 10-day trips to Israel for
Jewish young adults aged 18-26. Some 30,000 people
participate in the program each year; more than a quarter-
million have participated since its inception in 2000.
http://www.jta.org/news/article/2011/01/06/2742445/israel-to-
ramp-up-birthright-investment
Photo by: Reuters, Haaretz, 7/28/2010,
http://www.haaretz.com/jewish-world/nba-star-amar-e-
stoudemire-heads-to-israel-after-discovering-jewish-roots-
1.304552
“All together, 16,465 people around the world moved [as Jewish
settlers] to Israel in 2010, 16 per cent higher than the previous
year. The number of North American Jews rose from 3,767 in
2009 to 3,980 in 2010”—Jewish Chronicle, 12/29/2010,
http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/43060/aliyah-figures-uk-
drop
[Israel’s] Cabinet agrees last Ethiopian Jews can move to Israel
The remaining members of the Ethiopian Jewish community are
to move to Israel.
After years of wrangling, Israel’s cabinet voted in favour of
giving the more than 7,800 Falash Mura Jews citizenship. The
Jewish Chronicle,

52. http://www.thejc.com/news/israel-news/41254/cabinet-agrees-
last-ethiopian-jews-can-move-israel
Vatican memo: Mideast conflict driving Christians out of region
By The Associated Press
Haaretz, 1/20/2010,
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1143691.html “A Vatican
document released Tuesday [1/19/2010] blamed the Israeli-
Palestinian conflict and the occupying of lands for fomenting
most of the conflicts in the Middle East, driving Christians out
and making life difficult for those who remain.”
“Political conflicts in the region have a direct influence on the
lives of Christians, both as citizens and as Christians. The
Israeli occupation of the Palestinian Territories makes daily life
difficult with regard to freedom of movement, the economy and
religious life (access to the Holy Places is dependent on
military permission which is granted to some and denied to
others on security grounds).” SYNOD OF BISHOPS, SPECIAL
ASSEMBLY FOR THE MIDDLE EAST, THE CATHOLIC
CHURCH IN THE MIDDLE EAST: COMMUNION AND
WITNESS.
http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/synod/documents/rc_synod_
doc_20091208_lineamenta-mo_en.html
President Jimmy Carter describes the situation in the Palestinian
occupied territories:
“Utilizing their political and military dominance,” the Israelis

53. “are imposing a system of partial withdrawal, encapsulation,
and apartheid on the Muslim and Christian citizens of the
occupied territories.”
Israel “has 150 nuclear weapons”--- President Jimmy Carter,
BBC, 5/26/2008,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7420573.stm
'Shame on you, democracy,' Vanunu yells as he returns to prison
Nuclear whistleblower Mordechai Vanunu, released in 2004
after 18 years in prison for leaking Israeli nuclear secrets,
began serving an additional 3-month sentence on Sunday for
refusing to carry out court-mandated community service...
"Shame on you Israel," he continued. "The stupid Shin Bet and
Mossad spies are putting me back in prison after 24 years of
speaking nothing but the truth... The former nuclear technician
had asked to be assigned community duties in Arab-majority
East Jerusalem after claiming he risked attack by angry Israelis,
many of whom see him as a traitor, in the city's Jewish-
populated west.
Haaretz, 5/23/2010,
http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/shame-on-you-
democracy-vanunu-yells-as-he-returns-to-prison-1.291687
Haaretz Editorial:
“The Security Council's permanent members this week
reiterated an old call to establish a nuclear-weapons-free zone
in the Middle East. The Arab states have no nuclear weapons -
and when Iraq and Syria started developing them, the Israel
Defense Forces attacked them. Therefore, this call is clearly
directed at Israel…”, Haaretz, 5/8/2010,
http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/israel-needs-a-
new-nuclear-policy-1.288851

54. Revealed: how Israel offered to sell South Africa nuclear
weapons
Exclusive: Secret apartheid-era papers give first official
evidence of Israeli nuclear weapons
…“The "top secret" minutes of meetings between senior
officials from the two countries in 1975 show that South
Africa's defence minister, PW Botha, asked for the warheads
and Shimon Peres, then Israel's defence minister and now its
president, responded by offering them "in three sizes". The two
men also signed a broad-ranging agreement governing military
ties between the two countries that included a clause declaring
that "the very existence of this agreement" was to remain
secret.”
[Bottom right] “The secret military agreement signed by Shimon
Peres, now president of Israel, and P W Botha of South Africa.
Photograph: Guardian” The Guardian, 5/24/2010,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/23/israel-south-
africa-nuclear-weapons
In 1961, South African prime minister Hendrik Verwoerd
declared to the U.N. General Assembly that “Israel, like South
Africa, is an apartheid state”-Sasha Polakow-Suransky, The
Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid
South Africa, New York: Pantheon Books, 2010, page 241. See
photos on pages 82, 91, and 92.
at the Prime Minister’s Residence, Jerusalem, April 11, 1975
Similarities between Zionist Israel and Apartheid South

55. AfricaBoth were founded on exclusive ethnic foundationsBoth
developed exclusive ethno-national political systems Both
exercised exclusive ‘democracy’ or restricted ‘democracy’ for
the ethnic group in powerBoth continuously regenerate their
respective ideologies—apartheid and ZionismMembership is
based on belonging to the exclusive ethnicity of the Volk, or on
being a JewClaiming rights to land is based on settlement,
biblical texts and historical connectionsThere is a felt need to
have power and control over their own destinyBoth developed
national identities in light of past traumaBoth held convictions
and/or feelings of superiority (being God’s chosen people, and
being culturally superior)Both political systems developed to
become highly centralized, i.e. strong states vis-a-vis their
societiesBoth cases fit with Gramsci’s argument on state-society
and state-civil society relations , where hegemony of the
political elite is achieved in a sophisticated manner, leading to
voluntary consentBoth systems continue/d to exert almost total
control over the moral order of their respective societies Both
political systems developed similar strategies towards the
dominated side, adopting policies of discrimination and
oppressionDiscrimination by law has been widely used (in
Israel, discriminatory laws included the ethnic-based citizenship
or naturalization law (1952), the law of return (1950) and the
state’s arrangements for land distribution (early 1950s). There
are many more examples in the South African case, including
the Native Act of 1913 for land distribution and the Population
Registration Act of 1950Policies of discrimination against the
indigenous people were also translated by enforcing the settler
society’s ethnic-national symbols while diminishing those of the
natives
Both political systems which represented ethnic-national
ideologies (have) also developed into highly militarized
onesBoth political systems developed indoctrinated societies
both before and after they had come to power in 1948 Education
policies and the media contributed heavily to this task. They
promoted the national ideological aims of the state, stressed the

56. rightness of self-ethnic goals, prioritized security, de-
legitimized the opponent, and projected a positive image and
perception of themselves as being simultaneously heroes and
victims.Both political systems also adopted the vision of
‘separation’ as the prime option for reaching a settlement of the
existing conflicts with the Other.
The author concludes that Zionist Israel represents another form
of apartheid (more sophisticated, more subtle in some aspects,
and more vicious)
Amneh Daoud Badran, Zionist Israel and Apartheid South
Africa: Civil Society and Peace Building in Ethnic-National
States, New York: Routledge, 2010, p 175-176.
Human Right Watch Report:
Separate and Unequal: Israel’s Discriminatory Treatment of
Palestinians in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, December
19, 2010
"Palestinians face systematic discrimination merely because of
their race, ethnicity, and national origin, depriving them of
electricity, water, schools, and access to roads, while nearby
Jewish settlers enjoy all of these state-provided benefits. While
Israeli settlements flourish, Palestinians under Israeli control
live in a time warp - not just separate, not just unequal, but
sometimes even pushed off their lands and out of their homes."-
--Carroll Bogert, deputy executive director for external
relations at Human Rights Watch.
"This report shows that Israel operates a two-tier system for the
two populations of the West Bank in the large areas where it
exercises exclusive control. The report is based on case studies
comparing Israel’s starkly different treatment of settlements and

57. next-door Palestinian communities in these areas. It calls on the
US and EU member states and on businesses with operations in
settlement areas to avoid supporting Israeli settlement policies
that are inherently discriminatory and that violate international
law."
"The case studies in this report show that discriminatory Israeli
policies control many aspects of the day-to-day life of
Palestinians who live in areas under exclusive Israeli control
and that those policies often have no conceivable security
justification. For example, Jubbet al-Dhib is a 160-person
Palestinian village to the southeast of Bethlehem that is often
accessible only by foot because its only connection to a paved
road is a rough, 1.5 kilometer-long dirt track. Children from
Jubbet al-Dhib must walk to schools in other villages several
kilometers away because their own village has no school. Jubbet
al-Dhib lacks electricity despite numerous requests to be
connected to the Israeli electric grid, which Israeli authorities
have rejected; Israeli authorities also rejected an internationally
donor-funded project that would have provided the village with
solar-powered streetlights. Any meat or milk in the village must
be eaten the same day due to lack of refrigeration; residents
often resort to eating preserved foods instead. Villagers depend
for light on candles, kerosene lanterns, and, when they can
afford to fill it with gasoline, a small generator.
Approximately 350 meters away is the Jewish community of Sde
Bar. It has a paved access road for its population of around 50
people and is connected to Jerusalem by a new, multimillion
dollar highway—the “Lieberman Road”—which bypasses
Palestinian cities, towns, and villages like Jubbet al-Dhib. Sde
Bar operates a high school, but Jubbet al-Dhib students are
ineligible to attend; for Palestinians, settlements are closed
military areas that may be entered only with special military
permits. Residents of Sde Bar have the amenities common to
any Israeli town, such as refrigerators and electric lights, which

58. Jubbet al-Dhib villagers can see from their homes at night."
Human Right Watch Report, December 19, 2010,
http://www.hrw.org/node/95061
“Is Judaism a race? Ask Israelis--Can Israeli racism be
eliminated through law, trial and punishment, or is it already
part of the Israeli identity? The recent demonstrations in Bat
Yam, Tel Aviv's Hatikva Quarter and Zion Square, in Jerusalem,
featured a motley medley of paradoxical partners in racist
positions: ultra-Orthodox rabbis and "liberal" rabbis standing
together against the rental and sale of apartments to Arabs;
working-class folk demanding that foreigners be deported;
members of the middle class who "fear for our daughters'
welfare" and male chauvinists carrying signs that say "Jewish
women for Jewish men." This demographic array poses an
impossible burden on the law: Using legal means to stifle the
trend would be tantamount to putting Israeli identity on trial.”
Zvi Bar’el, Haaretz, 12/26/2010, http://www.haaretz.com/print-
edition/opinion/is-judaism-a-race-ask-israelis-1.332977
Supreme Court rejects citizens' request to change nationality
from 'Jewish' to 'Israeli'Court rules against change in identity
card registration, citing that there is no proof of the existence of
a uniquely 'Israeli' people.The Supreme Court on Wednesday
rejected a request by a group of Israelis to declare that they
were members of the Israeli people and to allow them to change
the ethnic registration on their identity cards from “Jewish” to
“Israeli.”
Haaretz, 10/2/2103,
http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/.premium-1.550241
“By his own account, KSM [Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, the

59. principal architect of the 9/11 attacks]'s animus toward the
United States stemmed not from his experience there as a
student, but rather from his violent disagreement with U.S.
policy favoring Israel” page 147
When someone asked why he and Atta [one of the 9/11
highjackers] never laughed, Shehhi [one of the 9/11
highjackers] retorted, “How can you laugh when people are
dying in Palestine” page 162
The 9/11 Commission Report (2004), http://www.9-
11commission.gov/report/911Report.pdf
Five Guantánamo detainees claim responsibility for September
11 attacks
The Guardian, 10 March 2009,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/10/guantanamo-
detainees-september-11-2001Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Walid
Bin Attash, Ramzi Binalshibh, Ali Abdul Aziz Ali and Mustafa
Ahmed Al-Hawsawi, say the terrorist killings were a response to
US support for Israel
U.S. policy in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict feed anti-
Americanism
“perceptions of U.S. policy in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
feed anti-Americanism. A 2003 Pew Global Attitudes poll found
that enormous majorities in Arab and Muslim countries (at least
90% in Jordan, the Palestinian Authority, Morocco, and
Lebanon) believed the U.S. favors Israel too much. Although
our most recent survey did not ask this same question, it did
find strongly negative views towards Jews in the Arab world.

60. For example, no respondents in either Lebanon or Jordan had a
favorable view of Jews (on the other hand, 91% of Lebanese and
58% of Jordanians had a favorable view of Christians)”--
Testimony of Andrew Kohut, United States House of
Representatives, International Relations Committee
Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations November 10,
2005,
http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/congress/koh111005.pdf
One example of how U.S. Middle East Policy feed anti-
Americanism:
1. Congressmen Joe Walsh (R-IL) and Joseph Crowley (D-NY)
sent Secretary of State Hillary Clinton a bi-partisan letter
urging her and U.N. Ambassador Susan Rice to veto the
upcoming Security Council resolution condemning Israel (110
Democrat and Republican members co-signed the letter),
Congressional Documents and Publications, Feb 18, 2011.
2. U.S. vetoes U.N. resolution declaring Israeli settlements
illegal, CNN, 2/18/11.
3. US Veto on Settlements Undermines International Law,
Human Rights Watch, 2/18/11.
4. Israel 'deeply appreciates' U.S. veto on UN resolution
condemning settlements, Haaretz, 2/19/11.
5. Palestinians plan 'Day of Rage' to protest U.S. veto on UN
settlement resolution, Haaretz, 2/19/11.
“Not a day goes by -- not one -- when my colleagues and I do
not work hard to defend Israel's security and legitimacy at the
United Nations”—Obama's Ambassador to the United Nations,
Susan Rice, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/06/aipac-
susan-rice-obama-israel_n_1323398.html
The Palestine-Israel Conflict and America’s image
problemUndersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy Charlotte
Beers resigned in March 2003 after acknowledging before a
Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing that “the gap

61. between who we are and how we wish to be seen, and how we
are in fact seen, is frighteningly wide.”
CNN.com, “Bush's Muslim propaganda chief quits,” March 4,
2003.
*
The Palestine-Israel Conflict and America’s image problem
From 2005 to 2007 Undersecretary of State for Public
Diplomacy and Public Affairs Karen Hughes made substantial
efforts to
(1) increase the public diplomacy budget to nearly $900 million,
(2) energize the government-funded/Arabic language Radio
Sawa, Alhurra satellite television, and Hi magazine,
(3) focus on winning the hearts and minds of Arabs and
Muslims for the sake of the war on terrorism, and
(4) spend some time touring key Middle Eastern countries and
speaking directly to the people.
CBS News, “Karen Hughes To Leave State Department:,”
October 31, 2007.
Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public
Affairs Karen Hughes, left, joined by Secretary of State
Condoleezza Rice, right, announces her decision to leave Bush
Administration, Wednesday, Oct. 31, 2007, at the State
Department in Washington. (AP)
The Palestine-Israel Conflict and America’s image problem

62. Karen Hughes said the Iraq war was usually the second issue
that Muslims and Arabs around the world raised with her, after
the Palestine-Israel conflict.
Hughes said she advised Mr. Bush and Rice two years ago that
U.S. help in ending the six-decade old fight over Israel would
probably do more than anything else to improve the U.S.
standing worldwide. CBS News 10/31/07,
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/10/31/politics/main34367
92.shtml
J. Scott Applewhite/Associated Press
*
George Mitchell stepping down as Middle East
envoyWashington (CNN) -- Former U.S. Sen. George Mitchell
is resigning as the Obama administration's Mideast envoy, a
senior U.S. official told CNN Friday. Mitchell, a former U.S.
senator from Maine and prominent American diplomat, has
served as President Barack Obama's point man in the region as
the administration has tried to keep Arab-Israeli peace talks on
track.CNN, 5/13/2011,
http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/13/mitchell.mideast.en
voy/index.html?hpt=T1&iref=BN1
Karen Hughes, Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy
and Public Affairs , said she was tired of seeing the president
presented as a “caricature.”

63. The New York Times, 10/31/2007
President Bush told the AEI neoconservatives: “You are some
of the best brains in our country and my government employs
about 20 of you.” …"Employs" is too weak a verb,” wrote
James Atlas.
The New York Times, May 4, 2003
Israel
USA
Al-Majalla , 4/21/2001, http://www.al-majalla.com/ar/
A representation of the stereotypical view of US-Israel relations
*
America
Palestine
Iraq
Afghanistan
Pakistan
Libya
Lebanon
Syria
Sudan
Iran
Islam
Etcetera
Etcetera
Israel
Adapted from Work by Ian Antonio, http://www.creative-
holidays-spain.com/painting.html

64. A representation of the stereotypical view of US-Israel relations
“I know what America is.. America is a thing you can move
very easily, move it in the right direction.”--Benjamin
Netanyahu, Israeli Prime Minister, 1996-99 & 2009-present,
“Fibi Netanyahu, In 2001, PM boasted of manipulating Oslo
accords,” Tablet: A New Read on Jewish Life,
http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/39692/fibi-netanyahu
Benjamin Netanyahu, Israeli Prime Minister, 1996-99 & 2009-
present, when asked what 9/11 would mean for American-Israeli
relations, responded: "It's very good." Realizing his maladroit
gaffe, he then added: "Well, it's not good, but it will generate
immediate sympathy" for Israel from the United States:
http://www.counterpunch.org/sugg10252005.html
“The U.S. can no longer afford $725 billion each year for
defense, much of it borrowed. Given the poor return on our
investment, it’s clear we need another strategy, one free of
Zionist goals that advance behind serial conflicts and the debt
incurred to fund them. We know what to do. What’s required is
the leadership to do it.” Jeff Gates, 12/29/2010,
http://criminalstate.com/2010/12/a-commonsense-solar-defense/
“There’s no question in my mind that months before 9/11, some
ranking leaders at the top of the government already anticipated
this strike scenario, and decided that Iraq would pay the
ultimate price if and when this 9/11 style of attack occurred.
They were already prepping parts of the Intelligence
Community to accept the inevitability of War with Iraq in the
aftermath….
In mid June [2001], an Al Qaeda video became public, in which
Osama bin Laden announced, “Your brothers in Palestine are
waiting for you. It’s time to penetrate America and Israel, and
hit them where it hurts the most”—[“U.S. Asset”] Susan
Lindauer, Extreme Prejudice: The Terrifying Story of the
Patriot Act and the Cover Ups of 9/11 and Iraq , 2010, Made in
the USA, Lexington, Kentucky, May 3, 2011, pages 21, 24.
It’s the case of
‘a minnow swallowing a whale’

65. ‘the tail wagging the dog’
“who here is the elephant and who the ant? ... when Barack
Obama and Benjamin Netanyahu meet at the White House, it
will be hard to tell which one is the real leader of the world”—
Gideon Levy, Haaretz, 3/4/2012
"only by force can a Jewish state in Palestine be established or
maintained"--US Army Lt. Col. Harold Hoskins, 1943
Attorney Brian Shaughnessy wrote, “Ms. Lindauer was always
competent to stand trial, only the Justice Department wanted to
avoid embarrassing revelations from her case”, page vii
*
Islamic world
Israel
USA
alabonline, http://www.alarab.co.uk/
A representation of the stereotypical view of US-Israel relations
President Bush Middle East Tour
A representation of the stereotypical view of US-Israel relations
The Israelis
The Americans
The Arabs
“Israel is gradually turning from an asset to the United States to
a burden”"Israel is gradually turning from an asset to the United

66. States to a burden," Meir Dagan, the chief of Israel's Mossad
spy service, reportedly told the Knesset's Foreign Affairs and
Defense Committee on Tuesday [6/1/2010]. Ron Kampeas,
"Obama and Netanyahu: a few unfortunate incidents, or a clash
of worldviews?" JTA, 6/1/2010,
http://www.jta.org/news/article/2010/06/01/2739401/obama-
and-netanyahu-a-few-unfortunate-incidents-or-a-clash-of-world-
views
“[Mossad chief Meir] Dagan's remarks to the Knesset's Foreign
Affairs and Defense Committee two days ago (it was clear he
knew they would be published ) to the effect that Israel's value
in the eyes of Washington is declining, and it is increasingly
seen as a liability rather than an asset, may indicate that he
knows his term will end soon, and he's not afraid to say things
that are unpleasant for Benjamin Netanyahu to hear.” Yossi
Melman, “Inside Intel / Is Dagan to blame for the flotilla
failure?” Haaretz, 6/3/2010, http://www.haaretz.com/print-
edition/features/inside-intel-is-dagan-to-blame-for-the-flotilla-
failure-1.293879
Palestinians and Israelis killed since 9/29/2000
At least 6,829 Palestinians (including 1,519 children) and 1,104
Israelis (including 129 children) have been killed since
September 29, 2000
Source: If Americans Knew, http://www.ifamericansknew.org/
Israel and its supporters in the United States depict Palestinian
resistance to Israeli occupation and ethnic cleansing as
"terrorism and aggression" and Israeli military operations as
"counter-terrorism and self-defense." They often depict facts
(such as in this slide) as nothing but “Arab” or “Muslim”
propaganda