NoSQL: Death to Relational Databases(?)

NoSQL
Death
to
Relational
Databases(?)
bensco'ield
–
viget
labs
rubyconf
20
november
2009

Friday, November 20, 2009

Motivations


Performance


Scalability


Flexibility


Locus
of
Work


Charlie
Chaplin

Jet
Li

Hank
Mann

Marian
Collier


Domain
Complexity


Taxonomy


Key-‐Value
Stores


distributed
hash
tables


Dynamo
GT.M
PStore
Redis


Column-‐Oriented
Stores


semi-‐structured


BigTable
Cassandra
HBase


Document-‐Oriented
Stores


also
semi-‐structured


CouchDB
MongoDB
RDDB
Riak


Graph
Databases


graph
theory


ActiveRDF

AllegroGraph
Neo4J


Comparisons


key-‐value
stores
column-‐oriented
stores
document-‐oriented
stores
relational
databases
graph
databases


key-‐value
stores
document-‐oriented
stores
graph
databases

column-‐oriented
stores
relational
databases


Examples


Redis


Data
Types
strings
lists
sets


In-‐Memory
periodic
snapshots
master-‐slave
replication
memory-‐bound


require 'redis'

gl = Redis.new

# A string
gl['name'] = 'Kyle Rayner'
gl['name']
gl.delete('name')

# A list
gl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Lose Ion power'
gl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Mourn dead loved ones'
gl.push_tail 'to-dos', 'Blow up zombie lanterns'

gl.list_range('to-dos', 0, -1)


Tokyo
Cabinet


Data
Types
strings
tables!


Related
Projects
tyrant
dystopia
promenade


require 'rufus/tokyo'

# Key-value
leagues = Rufus::Tokyo::Cabinet.new('jl.tch')
leagues['JLI'] = [
'Batman', 'Black Canary',
'Blue Beetle', 'Captain Marvel',
'Doctor Light', 'Doctor Fate',
'Guy Gardner','Martian Manhunter',
'Mister Miracle'
].to_yaml

YAML.load(leagues['JLI'])


require 'rufus/tokyo'

# Table
big7 = Rufus::Tokyo::Table.new('big7.tct')

big7['s'] = {'name' => 'Superman', 'role' => 'deus ex machina'}
big7['b'] = {'name' => 'Batman', 'role' => 'mastermind'}
big7['gl'] = {'name' => 'Green Lantern', 'role' => 'space cop'}
big7['f'] = {'name' => 'Flash', 'role' => 'speedster'}
big7['mm'] = {'name' => 'Martian Manhunter', 'role' => '?'}
big7['ww'] = {'name' => 'Wonder Woman', 'role' => 'hitter'}
big7['a'] = {'name' => 'Aquaman', 'role' => 'fish-talking'}

big7.query {|q|
q.add_condition 'role', :streq, 'fish-talking'
}


Cassandra


Genealogy
Dynamo
BigTable


Column-‐Oriented
columns
supercolumns
column
families


Distributed
automatic
replication
eventual
consistency
easy
expansion


Availability
weak
reads
quorum
reads


require 'cassandra'

op = Cassandra.new('OnePiece')

op.insert(:People, '1', {'name' => 'Luffy'})
op.insert(:People, '2', {'name' => 'Crocodile'})
op.insert(:People, '3', {'name' => 'Mr. 3'})

op.insert(:Fights, '1', {'opponents' => {UUID.new => '2'}})
op.insert(:Fights, '1', {'opponents' => {UUID.new => '3'}})

luffy_fights = op.get(:Fights, '1', 'opponents')
luffy_fights.map {|t, opp| op.get(:People, opp, 'name')}


CouchDB


Web-‐Inspired
JSON
storage
HTTP
/
RESTful
interface


Views
predeVined,
updated
incrementally
javascript
for
map/reduce


Updates
full,
including
embedded
documents


require 'couchrest'

konoha = CouchRest.database!('http://127.0.0.1:5984/konoha')
naruto = konoha.save_doc {
'name' => 'Naruto Uzumaki',
'chakra' => 'wind'
}
shikamaru = konoha.save_doc {
'name' => 'Shikamaru Nara',
'chunin' => true
}

konoha.save_doc {
'_id' => '_design/first',
:views => {
:chunin => {
:map => 'function(doc){if(doc.chunin){emit(null, doc);}}'
}
}
}

puts konoha.views('first/chunin')['rows'].inspect


MongoDB


Storage
binary
JSON
documents


Access
native
clients


Queries
dynamic
index-‐based


Updates
allows
partial
updates


require 'mongo'

avengers = Mongo::Connection.new.db('avengers')
members = avengers.collection('members')

members.insert {'name' => 'Ant-Man'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Hulk'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Iron Man'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Thor'}
members.insert {'name' => 'Wasp'}

members.create_index('name')

pym = members.find {'name' => 'Ant-Man'}
pym['name'] = 'Giant-Man'
pym.save

members.remove {'name' => 'Hulk'}

members.insert {'name' => 'Captain America'}


Neo4J


Structure
nodes
and
edges
key-‐value
pairs


Queries
lucene


require 'neo4j'

class Person
include Neo4j::NodeMixin

property :name, :mutant
index :name, :mutant

has_n :interests
has_n :dates
has_n :marriages

def initialize(name, mutant = true)
name = name
mutant = mutant
end
end


Neo4j::Transaction.run do
magneto = Person.new('Magneto')
esme = Person.new('Esme')
rogue = Person.new('Rogue')
magda = Person.new('Magda', false)
wasp = Person.new('Wasp', false)

magneto.interests << wasp
magneto.marriages << magda
magneto.dates << rogue

esme.interests << magneto
magda.marriages << magneto
rogue.dates << magneto
end


magneto = Person.find(:name => 'Magneto')

# Who likes Magneto?
magneto.relationships.incoming(:interests).nodes

# Which non-mutants has Magneto dated?
magneto.dates{ !mutant? }.to_a


Simulations


Structure


people
{
‘name’:‘Jimmy Olsen’
‘title’:‘Superman’s Pal’
‘company_id’:12441
}

companies
{
_id:12441
‘name’:‘Daily Planet’
}


Lack
of
Structure


mysql> SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 1 G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
content: ---
company: Daily Planet
name: Jimmy Olsen
title: Superman’s Pal


Not
Only
SQL


Caching


Already
in
Use
memcached


Logging


Rails
Log
Replacement
http://github.com/peburrows/mongo_db_logger


Hybrid
Domains


different
domains


Publishing
e-‐commerce
documents


Dating
e-‐commerce
social
graph


different
scales


Photo
Sharing
user
accounts
uploaded
photos


Next
Steps


Explore


Database
List
http://internetmindmap.com/database_software

NoSQL
Google
Group
http://groups.google.com/group/nosql-‐discussion

NoSQL
Ecosystem
http://www.rackspacecloud.com/blog/2009/11/09/nosql-‐ecosystem/

Wave!


Ignore
the
Database


Logical
Modeling
First
be
mindful


Change
the
Default


Application
Templates
start
with
something
new


bensco'ield
@bsco'ield
ben.sco'ield@viget.com
http:/ /spkr8.com/bscoVield
http:/ /viget.com/extend
http:
/benscoVield.com
/


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