Designing Rules ~ IA Summit 2009

Dan Brown
Dan BrownInformation Architect and UX Designer
Designing Rules
                          The Engine of User
                              Experience
                         by Dan Brown, EightShapes
                         IA Summit 2009, Memphis, TN, USA




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Monday, March 23, 2009
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Monday, March 23, 2009
Please tag with:
                        #rules
                       #ias09

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Not these kinds of rules




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These kinds of rules




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These kinds of rules




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These kinds of rules




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These kinds of rules




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What is a rule?



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An engine?




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A recipe?




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An editor?




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Defining the Damn Thing




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Defining the Damn Thing




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What We Do




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What We Do




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What I Do




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What I Do




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What I Do




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What I Do




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What I Do




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What I Do




                          more
                         abstract
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What I Do




                          more
                         abstract
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Content Rules



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cooksillustrated.com




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cooksillustrated.com




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Navigation Rules



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cnet.com » mp3 players




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cnet.com » mp3 players




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cnet.com » digital cameras




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cnet.com » digital cameras




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“Business Rules”



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Ecommerce Product Page




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Ecommerce Product Page




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Taxonomy Insuficient




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Taxonomy Insuficient


                     Criteria for selecting
                     behaviors or responses within
                     the context of a presentation



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Rules are not...



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Patterns




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Carousel Pattern
                          Yahoo Pattern Library




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Components




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Accordion Component
                                  Sun WebDesign




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IA is a web site’s
                                “language”




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Content Rules



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Content Rules »
                              Action




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Content Rules »
                               Scope




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Content Rules »
                                Filter




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Content Rules »
                           Quantity




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Content Rules »
                             Format




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Content Rules »
                             Default




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Navigation Rules



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Navigation Rules »
                                 Facets




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Navigation Rules »
                               Options




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Navigation Rules »
                                  Range




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Monday, March 23, 2009
Navigation Rules »
                                  Eect




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Navigation Rules »
                                 See All




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Documenting Rules



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Wireframe Annotations




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Wireframe Annotations »
                                        Prose




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Wireframe Annotations »
                                        Prose




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Wireframe Annotations »
                                         Prose

                            If the customerʼs
                            state is nexus,
                            show sales tax.




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Wireframe Annotations »
                             Pseudo-code




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Wireframe Annotations »
                             Pseudo-code




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Wireframe Annotations »
                             Pseudo-code

                            Display Conditions
                            • IF state=nexus
                            • THEN display tax




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Wireframe Annotations »
                                        Table




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Wireframe Annotations »
                                        Table




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Wireframe Annotations »
                                                          Table

                         Area   Content Type   Quantity    Criteria

                          1        Article       3-5        Latest

                          2      Comments         3       Most Useful




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Monday, March 23, 2009
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Wireframe Content




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Wireframe Content




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Monday, March 23, 2009
Wireframe Content

                               Latest Articles
                               • [Article Headline] • [Pub Date]
                                 [Summary (160 chars)]
                                 more...


                               • [Article Headline] • [Pub Date]
                                 [Summary (160 chars)]
                                 more...


                               • [Article Headline] • [Pub Date]
                                 [Summary (160 chars)]
                                 more...




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Monday, March 23, 2009
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            45

Monday, March 23, 2009
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What makes a good rule?



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Good Rules »
                         User-Centered




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Monday, March 23, 2009
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Monday, March 23, 2009
Good Rules »
                         Unambiguous




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Monday, March 23, 2009
Good Rules »
                         Feasible




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Monday, March 23, 2009
Good Rules »
                   Specified Responsibility




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Monday, March 23, 2009
Good Rules »
                         Comprehensive




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Monday, March 23, 2009
Good Rules »
                     Gracefully Degradeable




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Monday, March 23, 2009
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Monday, March 23, 2009
Do the right thing



            53

Monday, March 23, 2009
Thanks!
                         dan@eightshapes.com
                         social networks:



            54

Monday, March 23, 2009
Photo Credits
         3    http://plainview.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/moses1.jpg

         6    http://www.drivingenthusiast.net/SD-mazda/products/mazdaspeed3/engine/MAZDA3_engine_HR.jpg

         7    http://lh4.ggpht.com/_o456qV7CNhQ/RhyHtSLCToI/AAAAAAAAAWw/__S_7cHPCmk/p0002180.jpg

         8    http://www.hadesign.net/images/WTVI/WTVI%20QC%20room.jpg

        19    http://www.checkout.org.cn/news/mmg/media/images/platypus3_h.jpg

        21    http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3401/3267227227_660b6ab4f4_b.jpg

        23    http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2210/2314610838_beecd46647_o.jpg

        25    http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16352/16352-h/images/p1.jpg

        28    http://www.flickr.com/photos/lencioni/2223801603/sizes/l/

        30    http://www.creativecookware.com/images/measuring%20cups%20spoons.JPG

        32    http://www.flickr.com/photos/jamesjordan/2226419650/sizes/o/

        34    http://www.uncg.edu/rom/courses/dafein/civ/nude_no2.jpg

        37    http://www.flickr.com/photos/mhartford/69673975/sizes/o/

        49    http://www.meridian.net.au/Art/Artists/MCEscher/Gallery/Images/escher-relativity-woodcut-medium.jpg

        50    http://www.flickr.com/photos/dystopos/17007801/sizes/o/

        52    Canʼt find source. If this is your photo, please email me!

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1 of 132

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Designing Rules ~ IA Summit 2009

Editor's Notes

  1. Documentation survey
  2. What you should and should not do. What kind of person you should be Means for living with other humans.
  3. Authors like: Doctorow Gaiman Subjects like: Human behavior, Small business Toys like: Thomas trains Not that it picked things I’m interested in, but of all the things I’m interested in, it picked these.
  4. Authors like: Doctorow Gaiman Subjects like: Human behavior, Small business Toys like: Thomas trains Not that it picked things I’m interested in, but of all the things I’m interested in, it picked these.
  5. Authors like: Doctorow Gaiman Subjects like: Human behavior, Small business Toys like: Thomas trains Not that it picked things I’m interested in, but of all the things I’m interested in, it picked these.
  6. Authors like: Doctorow Gaiman Subjects like: Human behavior, Small business Toys like: Thomas trains Not that it picked things I’m interested in, but of all the things I’m interested in, it picked these.
  7. ▼ What is a rule? plainview.files.wordpress.com—moses1.jpg •Wireframe: what goes on the screen •Rule: how the screen changes in different circumstances •CORE IDEA:
  8. ▼Enginewww.drivingenthusiast.net—MAZDA3_engine_HR.jpg •Not quite: while rules are crucial for \"driving\" the user experience, they aren't the heartbeat or the central nervous system. Rules also are not a single cohesive system with lots of moving parts. Rules are applied here and there as necessary. Rules make use of the language of a web site without defining it.
  9. ▼Recipeslh4.ggpht.com—p0002180.jpg •Not quite: while rules provide direction, rules aren't linear instructions -- they feel more like mechanisms for selecting ingredients Rules must apply in specific situations with clear criteria regarding presentation. The metaphor breaks down quickly. I can use the same recipe when I want to make a dish. Different circumstances call for different rules. Doesn’t help us understand rules.
  10. ▼Editorwww.hadesign.net—WTVI QC room.jpg •Help us make choices about what's seen and how we see it •Director: overall experience •Actor: content itself Editor crafts one aspect of the experience: within the format of the medium and the parameters of the director’s vision, we get the editor Editor: starts with piles of footage, pulls out the stuff that works best We’ll consider some other metaphors later For now, let’s see how rules fit into IA
  11. ▼A new-ish definition (more like a description) of IA, in decreasing tangibility: •Templates: How content is arranged on the screen •Navigation and classification: How people find content •Content Types: set of content structures that give us a meaningful language for talking about the range of information on the site (functional content types vs. format content types) •Rules: they're what stitch the experience together, like an editor ▼Why IAs should care about rules •Rules are germane to the user experience •IA work gets more abstract: talking about contnet in terms of it’s type •IA needs a way to integrate real-world \"instances\" into abstract structures •Rules are, in a sense, a structure that governs the implementation of content, that bridge the gap between the abstract structures we create to form context (Hinton) and the way those structures are populated •They describe how everything fits together Small amount of literature on this stuff: I struggled to find any thinking on the mechanisms behind the display, as related to user experience. Rules govern different aspects of the user experience: Content.
  12. ▼A new-ish definition (more like a description) of IA, in decreasing tangibility: •Templates: How content is arranged on the screen •Navigation and classification: How people find content •Content Types: set of content structures that give us a meaningful language for talking about the range of information on the site (functional content types vs. format content types) •Rules: they're what stitch the experience together, like an editor ▼Why IAs should care about rules •Rules are germane to the user experience •IA work gets more abstract: talking about contnet in terms of it’s type •IA needs a way to integrate real-world \"instances\" into abstract structures •Rules are, in a sense, a structure that governs the implementation of content, that bridge the gap between the abstract structures we create to form context (Hinton) and the way those structures are populated •They describe how everything fits together Small amount of literature on this stuff: I struggled to find any thinking on the mechanisms behind the display, as related to user experience. Rules govern different aspects of the user experience: Content.
  13. ▼A new-ish definition (more like a description) of IA, in decreasing tangibility: •Templates: How content is arranged on the screen •Navigation and classification: How people find content •Content Types: set of content structures that give us a meaningful language for talking about the range of information on the site (functional content types vs. format content types) •Rules: they're what stitch the experience together, like an editor ▼Why IAs should care about rules •Rules are germane to the user experience •IA work gets more abstract: talking about contnet in terms of it’s type •IA needs a way to integrate real-world \"instances\" into abstract structures •Rules are, in a sense, a structure that governs the implementation of content, that bridge the gap between the abstract structures we create to form context (Hinton) and the way those structures are populated •They describe how everything fits together Small amount of literature on this stuff: I struggled to find any thinking on the mechanisms behind the display, as related to user experience. Rules govern different aspects of the user experience: Content.
  14. ▼A new-ish definition (more like a description) of IA, in decreasing tangibility: •Templates: How content is arranged on the screen •Navigation and classification: How people find content •Content Types: set of content structures that give us a meaningful language for talking about the range of information on the site (functional content types vs. format content types) •Rules: they're what stitch the experience together, like an editor ▼Why IAs should care about rules •Rules are germane to the user experience •IA work gets more abstract: talking about contnet in terms of it’s type •IA needs a way to integrate real-world \"instances\" into abstract structures •Rules are, in a sense, a structure that governs the implementation of content, that bridge the gap between the abstract structures we create to form context (Hinton) and the way those structures are populated •They describe how everything fits together Small amount of literature on this stuff: I struggled to find any thinking on the mechanisms behind the display, as related to user experience. Rules govern different aspects of the user experience: Content.
  15. ▼A new-ish definition (more like a description) of IA, in decreasing tangibility: •Templates: How content is arranged on the screen •Navigation and classification: How people find content •Content Types: set of content structures that give us a meaningful language for talking about the range of information on the site (functional content types vs. format content types) •Rules: they're what stitch the experience together, like an editor ▼Why IAs should care about rules •Rules are germane to the user experience •IA work gets more abstract: talking about contnet in terms of it’s type •IA needs a way to integrate real-world \"instances\" into abstract structures •Rules are, in a sense, a structure that governs the implementation of content, that bridge the gap between the abstract structures we create to form context (Hinton) and the way those structures are populated •They describe how everything fits together Small amount of literature on this stuff: I struggled to find any thinking on the mechanisms behind the display, as related to user experience. Rules govern different aspects of the user experience: Content.
  16. ▼A new-ish definition (more like a description) of IA, in decreasing tangibility: •Templates: How content is arranged on the screen •Navigation and classification: How people find content •Content Types: set of content structures that give us a meaningful language for talking about the range of information on the site (functional content types vs. format content types) •Rules: they're what stitch the experience together, like an editor ▼Why IAs should care about rules •Rules are germane to the user experience •IA work gets more abstract: talking about contnet in terms of it’s type •IA needs a way to integrate real-world \"instances\" into abstract structures •Rules are, in a sense, a structure that governs the implementation of content, that bridge the gap between the abstract structures we create to form context (Hinton) and the way those structures are populated •They describe how everything fits together Small amount of literature on this stuff: I struggled to find any thinking on the mechanisms behind the display, as related to user experience. Rules govern different aspects of the user experience: Content.
  17. ▼A new-ish definition (more like a description) of IA, in decreasing tangibility: •Templates: How content is arranged on the screen •Navigation and classification: How people find content •Content Types: set of content structures that give us a meaningful language for talking about the range of information on the site (functional content types vs. format content types) •Rules: they're what stitch the experience together, like an editor ▼Why IAs should care about rules •Rules are germane to the user experience •IA work gets more abstract: talking about contnet in terms of it’s type •IA needs a way to integrate real-world \"instances\" into abstract structures •Rules are, in a sense, a structure that governs the implementation of content, that bridge the gap between the abstract structures we create to form context (Hinton) and the way those structures are populated •They describe how everything fits together Small amount of literature on this stuff: I struggled to find any thinking on the mechanisms behind the display, as related to user experience. Rules govern different aspects of the user experience: Content.
  18. ▼Govern the display of content: Content Rules •Conditional Display Rules -- Whether to show the box •Filtering Rules -- What content to show in the box ▼Responsibility -- who controls the content •Editorial Guidelines vs. Application Logic: rules followed by humans vs. rules implemented by a system ▼Examples • cooksillustrated.com Strong editorial influence here. Decisions that in other media might be left up to humans, we leave up to the machine, But we provide a set of guidelines to make sure it chooses wisely. For cooks, you can imagine the range of considerations: latest, magazine, theme, categories (Aside: tools for helping content editors do their jobs better)
  19. ▼Govern the display of content: Content Rules •Conditional Display Rules -- Whether to show the box •Filtering Rules -- What content to show in the box ▼Responsibility -- who controls the content •Editorial Guidelines vs. Application Logic: rules followed by humans vs. rules implemented by a system ▼Examples • cooksillustrated.com Strong editorial influence here. Decisions that in other media might be left up to humans, we leave up to the machine, But we provide a set of guidelines to make sure it chooses wisely. For cooks, you can imagine the range of considerations: latest, magazine, theme, categories (Aside: tools for helping content editors do their jobs better)
  20. Perhaps a little more obscure, a little more meta Rules that govern how people experience the information Imagine you could say, in rooms of this type, always show 3 exits
  21. ▼Govern the range of experience: Navigation Rules •What menu options to display/facets ▼Examples • reviews.cnet.com—mp3-players • reviews.cnet.com—digital-cameras
  22. ▼Govern the range of experience: Navigation Rules •What menu options to display/facets ▼Examples • reviews.cnet.com—mp3-players • reviews.cnet.com—digital-cameras
  23. ▼Govern the range of experience: Navigation Rules •What menu options to display/facets ▼Examples • reviews.cnet.com—mp3-players • reviews.cnet.com—digital-cameras
  24. Facets are the same, but the values vary Clicking one yields the same result Rules help select appropriate values Highly mathematical/algorithmic
  25. Facets are the same, but the values vary Clicking one yields the same result Rules help select appropriate values Highly mathematical/algorithmic
  26. Not really editorial, not really about navigation
  27. Kind of rudimentary example, but illustrates exactly what I’m talking about. This is a foaming attachment for my Krups I bought recently. Crucial information that might vary in different circumstances. ▼Govern the rendering of information •Business rules around calculating price/shipping •Business rules about options available to users •Business rules about login/account information display ▼Filtering infinite information space •Search results •Flight searches ▼Example •Offering different shipping options depending on destination •Calculating shipping charge based on supplied ZIP code ALSO: Decision Points
  28. Kind of rudimentary example, but illustrates exactly what I’m talking about. This is a foaming attachment for my Krups I bought recently. Crucial information that might vary in different circumstances. ▼Govern the rendering of information •Business rules around calculating price/shipping •Business rules about options available to users •Business rules about login/account information display ▼Filtering infinite information space •Search results •Flight searches ▼Example •Offering different shipping options depending on destination •Calculating shipping charge based on supplied ZIP code ALSO: Decision Points
  29. ▼BUT: things are getting ambiguouswww.checkout.org.cn—platypus3_h.jpg •The taxonomy here can not address every situation •Products are becoming more complex Some things in common: Criteria for selecting behaviors or responses within the context of a presentation
  30. ▼BUT: things are getting ambiguouswww.checkout.org.cn—platypus3_h.jpg •The taxonomy here can not address every situation •Products are becoming more complex Some things in common: Criteria for selecting behaviors or responses within the context of a presentation
  31. ▼Patternsfarm4.static.flickr.com—3267227227_660b6ab4f4_b.jpg •Generalized approaches to common problems •BUT: rules expressed as generalizations (choose latest content) without specific applications •AND: a pattern can describe the kinds of rules needed •Example: developer.yahoo.com—pattern.php
  32. ▼Componentsfarm3.static.flickr.com—2314610838_beecd46647_o.jpg •Layout of content specific to a design system •BUT: one component can support multiple rules •AND: a component can specify the kinds of rules needed •Examples: www.sun.com—g39.html
  33. ▼Ruleswww.gutenberg.org—p1.jpg •For a specific area of a specific interface, rules describe what content is to appear •Rules use the language established for a specific web site: content types, metadata, components How do we structure rules? What do we need to think about for each rule?
  34. For any given rule, there are five things you need to think about.
  35. Show/Display
  36. Which content type
  37. How select content from content type? Separate from content type because dependency between filter and content type
  38. How many items are you going to show?
  39. What fields of the content will you show?
  40. What’s the default? http://www.flickr.com/photos/jamesjordan/2226419650/sizes/o/
  41. Which category will serve as the navigation mechanism?
  42. How will users select value? (menu, slider)
  43. What are the upper and lower limits?
  44. How does changing the value affect the display?
  45. Can users see all content within the category?
  46. Chooses content meaningful to the user
  47. Leads to specific choices
  48. Leverages existing IA parameters
  49. Clear on how rule is enforced
  50. Addresses all possible scenarios
  51. Has a good default
  52. Rules may not govern how we interact with people, but they do govern how our products behave relative to users Another possibel metaphor: if not the soul of the product, then certainly its frontal lobe