1. ª٥
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬
Networks
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ب‬ ‫ذی‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫م‬
‫دة‬ ‫ﺵ‬CISCO‫ى‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬CCNA
issam _art4@yahoo.com

2. ª٦
‫ﳜ‬‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﳜ‬‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﳜ‬‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﳜ‬‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺸﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺸﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺸﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺸﻰ‬
¯

3. ª٧
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺏ‬
....
¯...
ú......
.......
‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وه‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫رس‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬)‫ا‬(‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وه‬
‫دات‬ ‫وردت‬ ‫و‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫أو‬
‫وا‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺏ‬ ‫ووا‬‫ﺏ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬
‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫در‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﺥ‬ ‫وﺕ‬‫إ‬ ‫وذ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫أﺏ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫وﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ا‬
‫أﺏ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﺕ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ارﺕ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﺱ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬
‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺹ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺏ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫وآ‬.
‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬
)‫ب‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ا‬(‫ب‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫اه‬ ‫وا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫وﺥ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬.
‫ی‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬

4. ª٨
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬
‫ﻃﺮ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎء‬
‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬:
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Peer-to-Peer Networks:
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ‬Server-Client Networks:

5. ª٩
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
•local area networks- LANs:
.
•wide area networks - WANs:
.
•campusarea networksCANs:
.
•metropolitan area networks - MANs:
.
•home area networksHANs:
.
•Global Area Network
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬:
Modem ,
modem :
ISP

6. ª١٠
IP Address
.
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬::::
protocols
TCP/IP
HEADERIP
.
HEADER
.
(ROUTERS ).
‫ﻃﺮ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎء‬:
Client
requesthttp://
www.
yahoo
comDomain
Server
MSN

7. ª١١
google..
@DOMAIN.
Bandwidth
‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﻪ‬
:
.
.
.
.
. Information sharing
CD-ROM
.
Electronic-mail
.
Library forums
.
Educational & Research Support

8. ª١٢
.
software’s(
)
plotters
printersfiles. CD-ROMs
workgroups
.
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
""
Scanner
.
.
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺘﻪ‬

9. ª١٣
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ‬
.
Window
.
)
Network Inteface Card.).
)(Thin Ethernet
""""
Plug.Daisy Chain
"Bus
topology"
.
Twisted PairBase-T
Network hub
.
.
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
Network Card
…
Software ConfigurationPlug & Play

10. ª١٤
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
.
.
.
.
.
"".
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
"
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
Motherboard
Slots .
Network CardPCI
PCIISA
ISA .
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬
Hub.
.
.""
.
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬
Hub
LCD

11. ª١٥
..
.
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬
Windows
.
Windows
.
.default
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬:
Network Neighborhood .
PropertiesConfiguration: Client
for Microsoft NetworkNetBEUICom Etherlink
XL."Add" .
NetBEUI"Add"
MicrosoftNetBEUIOK .
ServicesFile
Printing sharing for Microsoft Networks.
OKFilePrinting sharing
Dialogue Box
.
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬:
.
..

12. ª١٦
.
Computer description
.
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‬:
Password.
..
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬:
.
.Sharing as
.FullRead
only"" depend on password .
.
:
.
.
.Data
FDD.
.
.
.
.
.

13. ª١٧
WAN
:
.E-mail
.
.)World Wide Web
(www
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬:
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Peer-to-Peer Networks:
.
:LAN
Server
.
Workgroup.
.
.
:
..

14. ª١٨
.
.
..
.
.
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬:
..
..
.
.
.
.
:
..
..
.
.
:
.Windows 3.11 for Workgroup
.Windows 95
.Windows 98
.Windows Me
.Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
.Windows NT 4.0 Server
.Windows 2000 Professional
.Windows 2000 Server
Windows 2000Windows NT &
.
:

15. ª١٩
.
.
.
.
.
Remote Access Service) RAS(.
.Win 9x
‫ﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ‬Server-Client Networks:
/Server-Based
Network)
()dedicated(
/
/
.
/
:
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.Security/
)(Administrator

16. ª٢٠
.
:
File Servers.
Print Servers.
Application Servers.
Communication Servers.
Database Servers.
Windows 2000 ServerWindows NT Server &
:
Mail Server
.
Fax Server
.
Communication Server
Directory ServicesServer
Domain)
Windows(
.
/Internet Intranet.
File and Print Server
.
Application Servers
.

17. ª٢١
.
Microsoft LAN Manager
MS-DOS , UNIX , OS/2.
Windows NT Server:
Symmetric Multi Processing ) SMP(
Processor
.
), Intel , MIPS , RISCDigital Alpha AXP
PowerPC ,.(
Directory ArchitectureServices.
EB 1) Exabyte260.(
EB.
.
Windows NT Workstation
Win9x.
/
Combination Network.
:
.
.
.
Processing Activity.
:

18. ª٢٢
.
.
.
.
/
RAM
.

19. ª٢٣
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﶈ‬‫ﺍﶈ‬‫ﺍﶈ‬‫ﺍﶈ‬‫ﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
ُ ُُ ُُ ُُ ُ
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
ُ ُ
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬(point-to-point connection):
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬(circuit switching) :
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
َ ُ
(packet switching):
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬(WAN virtual circuits):
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
َ
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬(WAN devices):
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬CAN(Campus Area network)
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬....

20. ª٢٤
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬))))‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬.(.(.(.(

21. ª٢٥

22. ª٢٦
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
Network
AdapterCard
:
)Network InterfaceCard (NIC.
LAN Card.
LAN Interface Card.
LANAdapter.

23. ª٢٧
.
Expansion Slot
.
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
*.
*.
*.
*
.
IEEE
)Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers(
.
ROM
.
.
.
.
:
ISA
MCA
EISA
PCI
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....

24. ª٢٨
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
(computer network)
):.(
(workstations)
(hardware)
(software)
(Email)(chat).
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
ُ ُُ ُُ ُُ ُ
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
(protocol)
(packets)
.
(transmission
medium).
:
١.(contention):
(collision).:

25. ª٢٩
o(carrier sensing):
.
o(carrier detection):
.
CSMA/CD
(carrier sense multiple access
collision detect)
(Ethernet).
٢.(token passing):
(token)
.
(token ring protocol).
٣.(token passing)
(contention)-.
٤.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
ُ ُ
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
(unicast)
(multicasting)
(broadcasting)
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬

26. ª٣٠
.
:
١.)Ethernet:(
(bus topology)(star topology)
/.
(CSMA/CD)
(coaxial cables)(twisted pair).
:
o(fast Ethernet):
/(twisted pair).
o(gigabit Ethernet):
(optical fibers)
/
..
٢.):Token ring LAN(
(token passing)
.
.
/.
٣.distributed data-fiber(
):FDDI-interface
.FDDI
(token passing
(token ring)
/.

27. ª٣١
(backbone)
(WAN).
٤.:
(Multilayer switching)
STP (spannig tree protocol).
(connectivity devices)
.
.
١.(modem):
(digital
signals)
(analog signals).
(modem)-(digital)
(analog)(modulation)
(demodulation).
.
/
:ISDN (Integrated
services digital network)(digital
subscriber line).
٢.(hub):
(coaxial cables)-

28. ª٣٢
(hub)
(segments).:
o(passive hub):
(segments)
(packets).
o(active hub):
(regenerate).
.
(intelligent hub).
٣.(repeater)
(repeater)
.:(analog)
(digital)
.
٤.(bridge)
(bridge)
(segment)
.
(switch)
(packets)(segments)
(switched LAN).
٥.(router)
(bridge)
(router).
(packets)

29. ª٣٣
(route)
.
.
٦.(gateway)
(router)
(gateway)
.
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
MAN)MANSMEN(
LAN
.
MAN
.MAN
.www.tartoos.com
.
IEEE802.6DQDB)
( Distributed Queue Dual Bus
DQDB
.
MAN802.6
.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
(WAN)

30. ª٣٤
(WAN)
)((LAN)
.
.
‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
.
-
.
(e-business).
(public telecommunications
companies- PTT)
(leased line).
:
‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬(point-to-point connection):
(leased line)
).(
َ ‫ا‬ ‫َم‬ ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إر‬[datagram transmission]
(data-stream transmission).
-
.
(circuit switching).
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬(circuit switching) :

31. ª٣٥
.
)(
.
(ISDN).
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
َ ُ
(packet switching):
(packets)
(destination node)
(route).
(bandwidth).
(circuit
switching)-.

32. ª٣٦
(packet
switching):
‫ل‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬(X.25):
.
.
‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫رات‬(frame relay):
/
(permanent virtual circuits- PVC).
ِ‫ﻡ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬(asynchronous transfer mode- ATM):
/.
(cells)
.
:
(twisted pair)(optical fiber)T3
(optical carrier).
(packet
switching)(virtual circuits)
.

33. ª٣٧
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬(WAN virtual circuits):
(packet
switching).
..
:
(switched virtual circuits- SVC):
.
(permanent virtual circuits- PVC):
.
(PVC)
(bandwidth)(SVC)
(PVC).
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
َ
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬(WAN devices):
(router)(T1)
(frame relay)
.(firewall)
(security)
.
(routers)
(multiport)
(WAN switch).
(analog)

34. ª٣٨
(modem)
(analog)
.
(integrated
services digital network- ISDN)
(ISDN
terminal adapter)128/.
(channel service unit/ data service unit-
CSU/DSU)(leased line)
)(router))
.
(datagram)
(routing data)

35. ª٣٩
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
PAN (personal area network).
)(
.
.
Blutooth Special
Interest Group GIS
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬))))‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬Bluetooth((((
.
Bluetooth Special Interest GroupSIG
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬
)
.(
)(
Infrared Data AssociationIrDA

36. ª٤٠
.
:
:
line of sight
.
:
one to one
.
SiemensIntelToshiba, MotorolaEricsson
radio module
:
•:
.
•.
•:
.
,
.
.
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬

37. ª٤١
,.
!!
.
.
‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬‫ﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬‫ﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬‫ﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬CAN(Campus Area network)
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬....
networkenterprise:
.
LANsMANsWANs.
umbrella networks.
LANsWANs
bridgesrouters
gateways.internetworkor
internet(written with a small i).
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬))))‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬.(.(.(.(
١.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬))))Global Area Network::::GAN((((
.
.

38. ª٤٢
.
.
.
.
.:
"TCP/IP"
)TransmissionControlProtocol/Internet
Protocol.(
.
TCP/IP
.TCP/IP
.
TCP/IP.
)TCPIP(
.
)Packets(.TCP
.)
(TCP
).(
IP.
TCP

39. ª٤٣
.
TCP}
{.
)()
.(
.
]Kjaer; 1994[.
)Dots.(
:
, , ,.
.
"awa.com"
"herxl.tat.physik.uni-tubingen.de."
)Domain(
.
"tau”"tau.ac.il"
)(
“ac”)academic(“il”.
.
.

40. ª٤٤
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬....
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬(Active Directory)
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬::::‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬::::-
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬TCP/IP‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬

41. ª٤٥
‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻛ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬TCP/IP
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬TCP Transmission Control Protocol
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬UDPUser Datagram Protocol
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬IP Internet Protocol
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ICMP Internet Control MessageProtocol
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬TCP/IP
:Network Interface
:Internet
:Transport
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬

42. ª٤٦
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬....
:
".
.
Servers
.
Clients.
–((
Network Operating System.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.
.
:

43. ª٤٧
.
Active Directory.
.
.
.
.
.
‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
)
..(
service packshot fixes.
(Active Directory) ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.

44. ª٤٨
Active directory
ObjectActive directory
Group Policy.
Active directory
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.

45. ª٤٩
.
.
.
.
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬::::‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.
.
/

46. ª٥٠
./
TCP/IP
)(DNS.
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
server
System MonitorEvent
ViewerRecovery Console
Safe Mode
.
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
RRAS
.
.
VPNICNNAT
.
.
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
..

47. ª٥١
M
HeaderDataTrailer
Header
Data
Trailer
Data
CRC

48. ª٥٢
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
!
!
.....
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬::::-
tcp/ip
)US DEFENE ADVANCE RESEARCH
PROJECTS AGENCYDARPA(
)
(
.
.
)(...

49. ª٥٣
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬TCP/IP‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬
.
.
)(
"":Transmission Control
Protocol// Internet ProtocolTCP/IP
DARPA
.
""
.
TCP/IPHardwareSoftware
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
TCP/IP
.

50. ª٥٤
.
‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬
)Internet protocol(
)TCP/IP(
)packets(
‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
:
:
:
:
)TCP) Transmission Control Protocol and)IP) Internet protocol
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬TCP/IP
TCP
)(

51. ª٥٥
IP
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
)(
)(
, , ,
, , ,
)(
DOMIAN NAME SERVER
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
Class based addressing

52. ª٥٦
:
, , ,to-127.255.255.255
:
, , ,TO-191.255.255.255
:
, , ,TO-
223.255.255.255
)(
Subnetting
Classless InterdomainRouting
SUPERNETTING
‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
)Variable Length Subnetting(
(/)

53. ª٥٧
TCP/IP
Application -1
Transport -2
Internet -3
Network Interface -4
Network Interface
EthernetToken-Ring
InternetIP
TransportInternet
TCPUDPApplication
ASCII
EBCDICIBM
TCP/IP
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP
TCP
Connection-based
TCP

54. ª٥٨
............
Connection Based
...
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬UDPUser Datagram Protocol
UDPNoconnection-
Based
TCP
...UDP
UDP
TCP..
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬IP Internet Protocol
IP Address
IP
..
Token-Ring
Ethernet

55. ª٥٩
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ICMP Internet Control MessageProtocol
IP
PingEchoReqestEcho Reply
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
IP
IPX
ARP
ARP
ARPIP
RouterARP
IP
ARP
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
)TCPIP(
").("
)(
.
)TCPIP) (
(.)IP(
.
)TCPIP(
..
.
)TCPIP(
.

56. ª٦٠
TCP/IP
WAN
Internet
TCP/IP The Four Layers of TCP/IP
TCP/IP:
Internet protocol suite:
1-Network Interface
2-Internet
3-Transport
4-Application
OSI
TCP/IP
OSI
‫ﺑﻨ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎء‬TCP/IP
:Network Interface
Ethernettoken-ring.
:InternetInternet
Network Interface
PacketsIP (Internet
Protocol)
IPIP
IP
connection-based
.

57. ª٦١
InternetICMP (Internet Control Messageing
Protocol)IGMP Internet Group Management
ProtocolARP Address Resolution Protocol
:Transport
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬
:
1- Connection-Oriented.
2- Connectionless.
Connection-Oriented
Virtual Circuit.
.
Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)
Connection-Oriented.
Connectionless
.
UDP
Connectionless.
(TCP/ IP ))(
....
)..
..
-‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬
http, ftp, mailto, gopher, news
..

58. ª٦٢
HTTP
"Hypertext Transfer Protocol"
.....
(htm,html,xml,aps) ))
http
c://windows/temporaryinternetfiles
)
FTP
"File Transfer Protocol"
file://c:
***
***
ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/
Internet Explorer ,
NetscapeFTPCuteFtp

59. ª٦٣
ftp://ftp.geocities.com/hmoood
..
________________________________
MAILTO
......
mailto:khakwd2008@hotmail.com
Outlook
Outlock
to....
outlookhotmail
composeto
______________________________
FILE
....
......
file:///C:/WINDOWS/defrag.exe
Internet Explorer , Netscape,
)

60. ª٦٤
C(....
FTP
___________________________________
GOPHER
....!!
....
gopher://gopher.lib.virginia.edu/
Internet Explorer , Netscape,
______________________________________
TELNET
)(
.....
)(
......
....
)(
Telnet
Telnet....
tenet

61. ª٦٥
IMAP:
.
IMAP.
POP3:
IMAP
POP3
.
SMTP:
.
NTP:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬
AddressIP
!
!
IP :.
IP
.
) :, ,).

62. ª٦٦
A protocol is a set of rules which determine how two or more
entities interact and communicate
)(
)(
((
.
)((HTTP)
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
(TCP/IP).

63. ª٦٧
)(
.
)
(
.
.
)(
:
:
:

64. ª٦٨
(TCP) Transmission Control Protocol and (IP) Internet
protocol
TCP
)(
IP
FRAMES
TCP/IP
)(
)(

65. ª٦٩
208.148.28.60
63.209.3.102
)(
DOMIAN NAME SERVER
Class based addressing
:
000.000.000.000 -to- 127.255.255.255
:
128.000.000.000 -TO- 191.255.255.255

66. ª٧٠
:
192.000.000.000 -TO- 223.255.255.255
)(
Subnetting
Classless Interdomain Routing
SUPER NETTING
(Variable Length Subnetting)
(/)

67. ª٧١
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬))))‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬((((
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬))))‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬((((::::
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬Bus::::
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬Network star::::
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Ring networks::::
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬Token Passing::::
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Mesh::::
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬Tree::::
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬::::
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Cables::::
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬Coaxial Cable::::
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬Twisted Pair Cables::::
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Fiber CablesOptic::::

68. ª٧٢

69. ª٧٣
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬))))‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬((((
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬))))‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬((((::::
.
.
Network Topology
TopologyPhysical LayoutDesign.
:
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
Cable Connectors.
:
١-Bus.
٢-Star.
٣-Ring.
٤-Mesh.
٥-Tree.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬Bus::::

70. ª٧٤
Bus
)
Segment(Linear
Bus:
.
:
)Signal.(
)Signal Bounce.(
)The Terminator.(
Signals
.
Bus
Collision
Bus:
)Hardwar
Capabilities.(
.
.

71. ª٧٥
‫ه‬ ‫اد‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ه‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬
.
.
.:
.
Terminator
.:

72. ª٧٦
Terminator
.
:
.
.
Network being down.
Bus
.:
Barrel Connector.
Repeater.
Barrel Connector
:
.
Repeater
‫رة‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫و‬

73. ª٧٧
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
.:
Bus.
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬Network star::::
Star
Hub
ConcentratorCentral Point
Wiring Center
.
:

74. ª٧٨
HubHub
.
.
.
Star
.
.
:
Star-Bus.
Star-Ring.
Star BusBusStar
.:

75. ª٧٩
Linear Bus Segments.
.
.
Star RingRing.:

76. ª٨٠
:
١-.
٢-.
٣-.
.
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Ring networks::::
:
.
Token PassingToken
.

77. ª٨١
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬Token Passing::::
FreeToken
Token.
Free Token
.
Token Passing
:
*.
*). (
Bus
Token Ring)(
Token Ring
.
Token RingIBM
IEEELAN.

78. ª٨٢
:.
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Mesh::::
.
.
.:

79. ª٨٣
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬Tree::::
.
:
)(
.
.
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬::::
:
١-General network.
٢-Special network.
٣-Additional network.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
)
(.

80. ª٨٤
.
.
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
.
.
.
.
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
.
.

81. ª٨٥
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Cables::::
:
Baseband.
Broadband.
Baseband systems
Bandwidth
Baseband.
.
attenuation
Baseband
Repeaters.
Broadband systems
Analog
.
Broadband
unidirectional:
dual-cable
.
midsplit
.:

82. ª٨٦
Broadband
amplifiers.
Cable TV..
:
Coaxial Cable.
Twisted Pair.
FiberOptic.

83. ª٨٧
:
Cable cost.
Usable cable length.
Transmission rate.
Flexibility.
Susceptibility interference.
Preferred uses
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻙ‬Coaxial Cable::::
:
.
.
Teflon.
:

84. ª٨٨
)(
EMICrosstalk.
.
:
Thin.
Thick.
,
10Base2
.
,
10Base5
)(
.
:
RG-8RG-11).(
RG-58.
RG-59.
RG-62ARC net.
BNC)British Naval Connectors(
BNC:
BNC cable connector.
BNC T connector.
BNC barrel connector.

85. ª٨٩
BNC terminator.:
:
Poly-Vinyl Chloride ) PVC.(
Plenum.
PVC
.
plenum
plenum
.
plenumPVC.
:
.
.
.
‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬Twisted Pair Cables::::
.
:
Unshielded Twisted Pair ) UTP(
Base10T..:

86. ª٩٠
Shielded.:

87. ª٩١
EIA/TIA)The
Electronic Industries Association and the Telecommunications
Industries Association(UTP:
Category.
Category.
Category.
Category.
Category
.
UTP
:

88. ª٩٢
Shielding
Shielded-twisted pair
)STP(
.
STPUTP:
.
.
.
TP
:
.
.
RJ-45:
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Fiber CablesOptic::::
Core
Kevlar
.:

89. ª٩٣
Core
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
..
:
.
.

90. ª٩٤
Interfaces
.:
Fiber Optic Cable Single
Mode
.
Fiber Optic Cable
Multimode.
Fiber Optic Cable Multimode Graded Index
:
:
١(Transmitters:
LED ( Light Emitting Diode ).
ILD ( Injection Laser Diode ).
٢(Receivers:
PIN.
APD.
)(:

91. ª٩٥
١(ST connector.
٢(SC connector.
:
:
//
20MHz1GHz100GHz
)(
mµ8mµ6050 −mµ55.1 −
mµ160>mµ120100 −mµ5015 −
10Mbps2Km10 Base FL
10Mbps2Km10 Base FB
100-1000Mbps2.5Km10 Base FX

92. ª٩٦
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬OSI
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬Physical layer
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Data link layer
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬Network layer
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Transport layer
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Session layer
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Presentation layer
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Application layer
‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺻﺔ‬‫ﺻﺔ‬‫ﺻﺔ‬‫ﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬OSI‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬TCP

93. ª٩٧

94. ª٩٨
.
ISO)International
Organization for Standardization(
.ISO
)
Interoperability(
OSI)OSI reference
model(
)
(
)The Basic Reference Model for
Open Systems Interconnecting(
:
OSI
.
:
Reduces complexity.
Standardizes interfaces.
Ensure
interoperabletechnology.
)
(Facilitate modular engineering.

95. ª٩٩
Accelerate evolution.
Simplifies teaching and learning.
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬OSI::::
OSI
:
The physical layer
٢-The data link layer
٣-The network layer
٤-The transport layer
٥-The session layer
٦-The presentation layer
٧-The application layer
.
:
NetworkTransport
Data-LinkPhysical.
.
.
.
.
OSI
Interface
.:
). (:

96. ª١٠٠
.
:
Physical
Encapsulation
OSIPhysical
De-Encapsulation
.
Peer-to-Peer Communications

97. ª١٠١
OSI
Data
Protocol stack.
.
OSI
.OSI
)Packets(Operate
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
Layer 1:Physical Layer

98. ª١٠٢
.
ISO"".
.
Bit Stream
.
...
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Cables::::
:

99. ª١٠٣
Baseband.
Broadband.
Baseband systems
Bandwidth
Baseband.
.
attenuation
Baseband
Repeaters.
Broadband systems
Analog
.
Broadband
unidirectional:
dual-cable
.
midsplit
.
:

100. ª١٠٤
Broadband
amplifiers.
Cable TV..
)()
(.

101. ª١٠٥
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬Data link layer
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬Layer Specification::::
)Data link(
.)(
.
.
.
:
-
-
-
-)hubs(
.
EthernetToken Ring
FDDI)Fiber Distributed Data Interface.(
:
-)
.(
-MAC)Media Access Control.(
-.
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
ًًًً
::::‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬::::

102. ª١٠٦
frame
.
EthernetToken Ring
6 Byte)
(.
MAC Address)( Media Access
Control Address
OSIDestination Address
Source Address:
.
.

103. ª١٠٧
.
.
CRC
)Cyclical Redundancy Check(
.
.
.
:OSI
.
frame
datagram.packet
OSI.
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
ًًًً
::::‫ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬Media Access Control ( MAC ):
( Half- Duplex )
( collision ).
.
Media Access Control ( MAC )
.
.
Ethernet
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection ( CSMA/CD).)
.(
Token Ring( Token Passing )) .
.(
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬
ًًًً
::::‫ﻣ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬::::

104. ª١٠٨
.
( MAC )
.
.
( WANs )
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP )
Point To Point Protocol (PPP)
.
802Data-Link:
Logical Link Control ) LLC(.
Media Access Control ) MAC(.
LLCMACOSI
:
LAN.
.
.
.
LLC
.
LLC:
Connectionless
.
Connection-Oriented
.
Acknowledged Connectionless
.

105. ª١٠٩
MAC:
.
.
LLC.
MAC Address
ROM
Burned-In-Address)BIA.(
.
MAC
Error-Detecting Frame-Check Sequence
OSI.
MAC)
Connection-Oriented(:
Request.
Indication.
Response
.
Confirmation.
Connectionless.
Devices:
NIC)Network Interface Card.(
Switch.
Bridge.

106. ª١١٠
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Network Layer
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬Layer Specification::::
)(
LAN.

107. ª١١١
Packets
.
.
.
Internet Protocol( IP )(
TCP/ IP )Transmission Control Protocol / Internet protocol
/
.Novell NetWareInter-
network Packet Exchange ( IPX )
NetBIOS Extended User Interface (
NetBEUI )Net BIOS
Microsoft Windows.
( IP ).
.
:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬Addressing::::
.
.
‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺔ‬Network Layer Addresses::::

108. ª١١٢
.
)hierarchical address(
logical addressvirtual address
.
)/
(
.
)(
/.
Internet
TCP/ IP)
IP. (
IP
.
:
Static:
Network manager
.
Dynamic:
.
Resolution:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬Address Resolution Protocol))))ARP: (: (: (: (
.
A
B)AB(

109. ª١١٣
AARP Request)
Broadcasting(B
BMAC
Address.
ABC
)(CA
BReply
AMAC Address)C(
AC
B.
)RARP(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol:
.
Diskless
computers
)(RARP Request
RARP
RARP Reply.
IP
.IP32
Bit.
unique.
IPX
MAC Address
.NetBEUI
NetBIOS.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬Fragmenting::::

110. ª١١٤
.
Token Ring4500 BytesEthernet
1500 Bytes.
Token Ring
Ethernet
1500 BytesFragmenting.
.
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬Routing::::
.
.
.
( Internetwork )
Routers )(.
:
•. ( End Systems )
•( Intermediate systems ).
.
OSI

111. ª١١٥
:
.
)(
.
.
.
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬::::

112. ª١١٦
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬::::
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ‬
ّّّّ
Router::::
Router
.
:
•)Filtering(.
•.
Broadcast Messages
.
.
.
)TCP/IP(
.
.
.
:
•.

113. ª١١٧
•.
•.
.
MAC
.
Routing Algorithms
:
RIP ( Routing Information Protocol )
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First )
NetwareNLSP ( NetWare Link Services
Protocol )RIP
Distance-Vector Algorithms
Hops
)(
.
)
.(
.
ways). (
OSPF
Link-State
.

114. ª١١٨
:
.
.
.
OSPFTCP/IP
:
Hops
.
NLSPLink-State
IPXLink-State
Distance-Vector.
:Routing Protocol:
Update routing massage
)metric
hops countcosttime(.
:
Open Shortest Path First)OSPF. (
Routing Information Protocol)RIP. (
Exterior Gateway Protocol)EGP.(
Interior Gateway Protocol)IGP(.
Routing Protocols:
.
:
Internet Protocol)IP(
Transmission Control Protocol)TCP(Apple Talk,
DECnet , XNS , IPX...

115. ª١١٩
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
Broadcast MessagesBroadcast
Storms.
:
•Static
•Dynamic
:
•
•.
.
.
:
•.
•
:
•

116. ª١٢٠
•
•
.
Storm Broadcast.
.
:
.
TCP/IP.
LANWAN.
BrouterMultiprotocol Router
.
Brouter:
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ‬Gateway::::
:

117. ª١٢١
NT
IBM
.
:
•.
•.
:
•
•
•
:
"Router"
TCP/IP
"Gateway. "
TCP/IPMicrosoft Windows
.
.

118. ª١٢٢
:
:
:
:.
)(.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Transport Layer
.
TCP/IPTCP
IP.
.TCP
User Datagram Protocol ( UDP ).
IPX
NetWareNetWare Core Protocol
(NCP)Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX ).
.
( Connection-oriented )
.
.TCP
(
Three-way Handshake ).
.
(Packet Acknowledgment )
(Data Segmentation )( Flow Control )
.

119. ª١٢٣
.
(
Reliable ).
.
.
.TCP/IP
TCP20 ByteUPD
8 Byte.
( Connectionless )
.
.
)UDP(( Transactions )
( requests )(responses ).
.
TCPUDP
.
.
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻠﺴﺔ‬‫ﻠﺴﺔ‬‫ﻠﺴﺔ‬‫ﻠﺴﺔ‬The Session Layer
OSI.
PresentationApplication.

120. ª١٢٤
.
.
( Dialogs Control )( Dialogs Separation ).
( Dialog ).
.
TWATwo-Way ) Alternate(( Two-
Way Simultaneous ) TWS.
TWA
.
TWS
.
( Checkpoints )
.
TWATWS.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬Presentation Layer
( Syntax )
.
.
.
( Abstract Syntax )
.
( Transfer syntax )
.
.

121. ª١٢٥
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Application Layer
OSI
.
SMTPSimple
Mail Transfer Protocol )(
.
File Transfer Protocol ) FTP(
.
.
.
:OSI
Cloud
:

122. ª١٢٦

123. ª١٢٧
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
OSI Layers:
Troubleshooting
troubleshootingphysical
layer
dataEncapsulations
.
Physical Layer
HUBRepeaters
Bits
Data Link Layer -2
Logical LinkControl LLCBits
BytesFramesFrame
Logical Network Topology
Token ringstar
Frame
Frame Media AccessControl (MAC(
Mac Address
Frame
CSMA/CDCSMA/CA
)(

124. ª١٢٨
•LAN protocols: 802.2 (LLC), 802.3
(Ethernet), 802.5 (Token Ring(,)Wireless)•
WAN protocols: HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, ISDN
ATM
Network Layer -3
LogicalAddressIP
PacketsIP
Routing
*IP
*IPX
*AppleTalk
*DECNE
Transport Layer
Reliable (connection-
oriented(unreliable (connectionless)
communicationsReliable
)connection-oriented(
acknowledgment
TCP/IPunreliable

125. ª١٢٩
(connectionless) communications
Broadcast
Session Layer -5
sessions
session
.
Presentation Layer -6
text
•JPEGBMP, TIFF, PICT
*MPEG, WMV, AVI
*ASCIIEBCDIC
Application Layer -7
user interface

126. ª١٣٠
•HTTP • Telnet • FTP • TFTP• SNMP
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬OSI‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬TCP
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
.
.
TCP/IP.
.
TCP/IP.
.
(Application)
.
(Transport)
.
.(Transport)
(Internet)
TCP/IP.
(Network Access)
.IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
CSMA/CDi10BASE-T.
OSI
OSI ()
.

127. ª١٣١
.
.
.
.
.
OSI
OSIOSI
.
(encapsulation).
.
.
(transport layer)
(segments)(PDU)
.PDU
OSI.PDU
(port numbers)(sequence number)
(acknowledgement).
(network layer)
(packet).ip
.
(Data Link)
(frame)..
(Physical).
.
(de-encapsulation)
.(Physical)OSI
.OSI
(Application)

128. ª١٣٢
.
TCP/IP))OSI)):
OSITCP/IP
.TCP/IPTCP/IP
OSI.
TCP/IPOSI
.

129. ª١٣٣
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬....
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬Pulse CodeModulation....
‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬T1, E1, T3, Switched 56....
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬DS-0‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬DS-1‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﺰﺍء‬T1....
‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬CSU‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬DSU‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬T1....
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬))))sontSONET((((
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬:
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬Vsat
‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬Vsat
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬Vsat
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬

130. ª١٣٤

131. ª١٣٥
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
:
.
Pulse CodeModulation.
T1, E1, T3, Switched 56.
DS-0DS-1T1.
CSUDSUT1.
.
.
Point to Point
Fullduplex.
Channel Service Unit/DataService Unit (CSU/DSU(
SynchronousBipolar..
.

132. ª١٣٦
PulseCode Modulation
(PCM(:
Sampling.
Quantizing.
Encoding.
..
..

133. ª١٣٧
)(..
..

134. ª١٣٨
).(
T1
.
.
T1
.
T1,
.

135. ª١٣٩
T1
E1
,
.
T1Fractional T1 (FT1(
.
T3
T3T1.
Switched 56
CSU/DSU
Switched.
T1T1
DS-0Link.
DS-0 Link
.
Digital Signal level 1 (DS-1(DS-0,
T1.
T1Network Resource
Manager (NRM(.
T1Multiplexing
.

136. ª١٤٠
Multiplexing
Multiplexer
..
T1
:
Digital Signal Level 1C (DS-1C.(
Digital Signal Level 2-Facility (DS-2(
Digital Signal Level 3-Facility (DS-3(
Digital Signal Level 4-Facility( DS-4(
:

137. ª١٤١
DS-1CT1CT1
,
.
DS-2T2T1
.
DS-3T3T1
.
DS-4T4T1
.
T1
MultiplexerMux.
UnipolarRS-232CMultiplexer
BipolarMultiplexer
Digital Service Unit (DSU(DS-1 Signals.
Channel Service Unit (CSU(DSU
Service Provider.
.

138. ª١٤٢
Loopback
.
T1Analog
Switches
Compressor/Decompressor (Codec(
..
.
:
T1
.
E1.
T1T-1CT2T3
T4.

139. ª١٤٣
:
:.
:ouda
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
.:
single-frequency radio
Narrow-Band
High-Frequency Radio.
.spread-spectrum radio.
.infrared
.
Traffic
LAN
SwitchesRouter
Switches

140. ª١٤٤
Ethernet
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬:
Windows Xp
Workstation .1
ServerDomain
Windows NT
Windows NT 2000
workgroup
Workgroup. 2
LAN workgroup
switches
switches

141. ª١٤٥
windows xp
proxy
LAN
LAN
‫ﺷﺒﻜ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
NewDealNetware
NewDealNetware
2.x3.x4.x.
NewDeal.
.NewDeal
.NewDeal.
SHELL.CFG
SHELL.CFG:'s
= 100
.
:
= 100> shell.cfg
.

142. ª١٤٦
.
.
"".
NewDeal
.
.
(LPT).
.
(214).
LPT
.NewDeal
:
1.
2. lpt3 :
NewDeal.
:
...
:CAPTURE
AUTOEXEC.BAT.
.(

143. ª١٤٧
)NewDeal:
Formfeed.
Formfeed
.(
).AUTOEXEC.BAT :
CAPTURE /= 2SLJET /= 1 /Formfeed /
"= 2SLJET"LaserJet.
"= 1"LPT : 1LaserJet.
:
·NFF (Formfeed)
·: (••••)
·= 30 (••••
)
·AUTOENDCAP (
NewDeal)
·NOAUTOENDCAP ()
CAPTURE /
onto. NewDeal
.TABS
NewDEal.
LPT1LPT2
NewDeal.
LPT1NewDeal

144. ª١٤٨
LPT2.
LPT3.
CAPTURE.
Netware 'sPRINTCON.
().
NewDeal
. (
NewManager.
.)NewDeal
NewManagerNewDeal"8.3"
.
NewDeal
"".
.
.
.NewDeal
.
COMMAND.COM
"""
COMMAND.COM"NewDeal
Netware.
:
: = DRIVE : DIR1 DIR2

145. ª١٤٩
( DIR1
DIR2) ( :)
.
( ..
) .
NewDeal .
COMMAND.COM
NewDeal .
.
.
. (
).
:
: = DRIVE : DIR1 DIR2
_________________________________________________________
___

146. ª١٥٠
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬))))sontSONET
.
. SONETBellcore
(Telcordia)- 1980s
().
SONETSDH ()
. SONETSDH
. SONETNSIF (
).
SONET
SONET / SDH.
. SONET
.SONET.
SONET
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬:
.
)(
.
.

147. ª١٥١
.
LASER: Light Amplification by
Stimulated Imition Radiation
.
.
.
/
.
.
Light Emitting
Diod
.
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬:
.
:
Stepindex
Graded index
.

148. ª١٥٢
.
.
,
.
,,
,
.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬:
.
Analogue
Sampling
/
64Kb/s.
Kb/s,Kb/s
.

149. ª١٥٣
TAT8.
.
TAT8
10060
.
.
.
((
.
.
)(
Americas1
1995.

150. ª١٥٤
.
.
.
.
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬:
Solitons.
.
.
»
»
,
__________________

151. ª١٥٥
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
Vsat
‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬Vsat
vsat
( HUP )
)
,,(
-:-
Vsat
Vsat
.
Vsat
ku-bandC-band:-
- 1Vsatku-band
.
-2C-band
ku-band .

152. ª١٥٦
Vsat
,Vsat
( HUP )
.
:
- 1,,
.

153. ª١٥٧
)2.4(
- 2( ODU )
( ODU )
( ODU )
.

154. ª١٥٨
( ODU )
-3( IDU )
( carrier wave ).
( IDU )
( ODU )
-( BDF ).
-( LNA )
.
-( down converter )

155. ª١٥٩
( demodulator )( IF
signal )140
( LNA )( down converter )
( low noise block LNB ) .
( ODU )
-( upconverter ))
)(
high power amplifier HPA ) .
-( HPA )(
upconverter )
( HPA ),-6( KU-band )
( C-band ).
( IDU )
( IDU )( Multiplexer )
( Encoder )( modulation )
( IDU )
( demodulation )
( Decoder )( Demultiplexer ) ,
v.35 ,
RS-422,RS-232.
SDLC
bisicx.25( Ethernet ) ,
.
( link availability )
,%

156. ª١٦٠
)(.
( HUP )
( UHP )
:
- 1( packet swich )
( host ports )( modulator )
( Demodulator )
( packet switch )
( IDUS ) .
- 2( Modulator )
( Packet swich )
.
- 3( Demodulators )
( packet )
( packet swich ).
- 4( RFT ):-
-( UP Converter )
)(
.
.
-( LNA )
( Down Converter ))
(

157. ª١٦١
-
.
-( Network Control System )
.
( HUP )
,
.Vsat
SCANA
.
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬Vsat
( advantages ) :-
-.
-.
-.
-
.
-),( %
.
-.
-.
-.
-.
-.
( disadvantages ) :-
-( transponder )
( transponder ).
-( star shaped
network ),( double

158. ª١٦٢
hop )
Vsat.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬:-
Vsat
( point-point )(
point-multipoint ).
( Vsat )( mesh
system' )
( HUP )
( star
system )
( HUP )
.
Vsat
-
-)(
-
-
-
-
-
(/) :-
-
-
-)(
-
-)).

159. ª١٦٣
-.
-
( Telemetry ) .
-.
-.
-( electronic fund transfer )
( point-of-sale ) .
-( E_mail ) (yahoo - hotmail..) .
-
-.
‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
:
Ethernet
:/Mbps
RJ-45
PCI
:
(CASE)
CasePCI
))(((
.
Update
Success

160. ª١٦٤
:
ControlPanel-->Network
ConfigurationAddProtocol
MICROSOFTTCP/IP
TCP/IP
)Dialup Adapter)
PropertiesBindingsTCP/IP
.
IP ADDRESS:Network
TCP/IP
ProperitiesOKDNS CONFIGURATION
Disable DNSWINS Configuration
Disable Wins ConfigurationIP Address
IP Address, , ,Subnet Mask
, , ,ADD
ServiceFile and Printer Sharing for Microsoft
NetworksOKNetwrok
File and PrintSharing
Identification
)(
)
)
.
#Ip Address
, , ,Subnet Mask
, , ,

161. ª١٦٥
OK
YES
:
UTP Category 3
,
IEEE.
(HUB)Cross Over Cable
)UTPCross Over
RJ-45)
:
:
Network Neighborhood
_:
(RUN)PING
192.168.0.2IP
192.168.01
PING 192.168.0.2
DOSTime Out.

162. ª١٦٦
:
:
Sharing
SHARED AS
Read -Only
Full access
.
:)(
:
-1
.
-2
)(
Network PrinterNextBrowse
.
:
AccessoriesInternet Connection Sharing
)
)Proxy)(.