Data Citation: A Critical Role for Publishers

1. Data Citation: A Critical Role for Publishers Brian Hole, Founder and CEO SciDataCon 2014, Citing Data to Facilitate Multidisciplinary Research session New Delhi, November 5 2014 brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

2. Overview  Why is data citation important?  Publisher guidelines  Copyediting with data in mind  Data papers  Machine readability brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

3. The Social Contract of Science • Dissemination • Validation • Further development Scientific Malpractice • Results • Data • Software • Hardware, wetware… #@%$#@ % #@%$# Source: http://www.smbc-comics.com/index.php?db=comics&id=2015 brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

4. brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

5. 2. Publisher Guidelines • No single way to cite data, but good guidelines available (e.g. Force 11) • Journal must have clear guidelines about how to cite data, e.g.: • Creators, date of publication, host repository, version, persistent identifier • Must be included in reference list Alexander NS, Wint W (2013) Data from: Projected population proximity indices (30km) for 2005, 2030 & 2050. Dryad Digital Repository. http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.12734 brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

6. 3. Copyediting with Data in Mind • Publishers need to provide better guidelines for copyeditors: • Make sure journal guidelines for data citation are being followed • Go back to authors if no citation included • Fix incorrect citations (e.g. simple hyperlinks in text) brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

7. 4. Data papers • Data papers incentivize authors to follow good practice in releasing and citing data: • Data professional is lead author • Paper advertises work, encourages reuse, collaboration, indicates impact • Makes citation much easier: • Data is automatically cited correctly in data paper • Data paper is naturally included in reference list of research papers • Citations etc. can be tracked brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

10. 5. Machine Readable Citations • Many data reuse scenarios involve locating, querying and recombining data from a large number of sources • This can be made significantly easier by making data citations machine readable • Enables locating of data via text mining of relevant literature • Two possible methods – XML and RDF brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress

11. • Journal Article Tag Suite (JATS) maintained by NISO used by most publishers brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress XML • JATS currently recommends tagging data references as web publications <ref> <element-citation publication-type="database" publication-format="web"> <source>Database of Human Disease Causing Gene Homologues in Dictyostelium Discoideum [Internet] </source> <publisher-loc>San Diego (CA)</publisher-loc> <publisher-name>San Diego Supercomputer Center</publisher-name> <year>2003</year> <date-in-citation>cited 2007 Feb 2 </date-in-citation> <comment>Available from: <uri>http:// dictyworkbench.sdsc.edu/HDGDD/</uri>. </comment> </element-citation> </ref> • Not ideal, but available now

12. • Several proposals for improvements with more suitable terms: • NISO-JATS Data Citation Implementation Workshop held at the British Library in June 2014 • Force11 Data Citation Implementation Group • <JATS4R> publisher group • E.g.: brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress XML <name> -> <collab collab-type="curators"> <source> -> <data-title> <edition> -> <version> <license>

13. • Can make data not only discoverable through citation, but also the relationship of it to the research. 4. Oldenburg H (1665). "Epistle Dedicatory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1: 0–0. doi:10 .1098/rstl.1665.0001. brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress RDF • JATS to RDF provides a start for this, but publishers still need to make data citations more specific <rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-item-4"><co:index>4</co:index></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4"><dcterms:bibliographicCitation> Oldenburg, H (1665). </dcterms:bibliographicCitation></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/biro/BibliographicReference"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference- 4"><dcterms:identifier>b4</dcterms:identifier></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4"><biro:references rdf:resource="reference-4-textual-entity"/></ rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="textual-entity"><cito:cites rdf:resource="reference-4-textual-entity"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Expression"/><frbr:realizationOf rdf:resource="reference-4-conceptual-work"/></ rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalArticle"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-conceptual-work"><dcterms:creator rdf:resource="reference-4-agent-1"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-agent-1"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-agent- 1"><foaf:familyName>Oldenburg</foaf:familyName></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-agent- 1"><foaf:givenName>H</foaf:givenName></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity">< fabio:hasPublicationYear>1665</fabio:hasPublicationYear></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><dcterms:title>Epistle Dedicatory</dcterms:title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity-source"><dcterms:title>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</dcterms:title></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><frbr:partOf rdf:resource="reference-4-textual-entity-source"/></ rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity"><frbr:partOf rdf:resource="periodical-volume-reference-4-textual-entity"/></ rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="periodical-volume-reference-4-textual-entity"><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PeriodicalVolume"/><prism:volume>1</prism:volume><frbr:partOf><rdf:Description><rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Periodical"/></rdf:Description></frbr:partOf></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity">< frbr:embodiment rdf:resource="digital-embodiment-d1e2589"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="digital-embodiment-d1e2589">< prism:startingPage rdf:resource="0"/></rdf:Description><rdf:Description rdf:about="reference-4-textual-entity">< prism:doi>10.1098/rstl.1665.0001</prism:doi></rdf:Description>

14. • The Citation Typing Ontology (CiTO) is available now, and makes the relationship explicit: brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress RDF <a about="http://dx.doi.org/10.5334 /jophd.ab" rel="cito:Uses_Data_From" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.12734”>http:// dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.12734</a>

15. Summary • Clear publisher guidelines. • Copyediting with data in mind • Using data papers • Ensuring machine readability of citations Any questions? Please feel free to contact brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com brian.hole@ubiquitypress.com www.ubiquitypress.com / @ubiquitypress