1. Introduction to the European UnionProf. Brian Butler Part #4 Interlaken, Switzerland

2. Prof. Brian David Butler About: Brian Butler is a professor of International Finance and European Studies with Forum-Nexus Study Abroad, an academic program which is co-sponsored by the IQS Business School of the Ramon Llull University in Barcelona, and the Catholic University of Milan. Brian was previously a teacher at the Thunderbird School of Global Management, MBA program in Miami, and was a researcher at the Columbia Business School in New York. He previously worked for Honda of America Manufacturing in Ohio, and was involved in international trade. A global citizen, Brian was born in Canada, raised in Switzerland (where he attended international British school), educated in the U.S., started his career with a Japanese company, moved to New, married a Brazilian, and has traveled extensively in Latin America, Asia, Europe and North America. Brian currently lives in Recife, Brazil where he is teaching classes at the university FBV. briandbutler@gmail.com LinkedIn.com/in/briandbutler www.globotrends.com

3. www.GloboTrends.com www.globotrends.com

4. Lecture Schedule* Sun 26th- Barcelona (Int’l IQ – Hugo & Dr. Carlos) Mon 27th - Barcelona (guest lecture + Int’l IQ) Tues 28th- Barcelona (BB lecture ) Wed 29th- Barcelona (BB lecture) Train to Paris Thur 30th- Int’l IQ + Paris tour Fri 31st - Paris (BB lecture) New Year’s Eve Free Weekend Mon 3rd- Paris (BB lecture + IQ) Bus to Geneva Wed 5th - Interlaken (BB lecture) Bus to Venice . Fri 7th - Venice EXAM midterm Sat 8th – On Boat (BB lecture + IQ) Sun 9th- On Boat (BB lecture) Mon 10th- Athens (BB lecture) Tue 11th - Athens (BB lecture + IQ) Bus/ Train to Istanbul Thu 13th - Istanbul (BB lecture) Fri 14th - Istanbul (BB lecture + IQ) . Sat 15th - Final EXAM * Does not include professional visits, *Subject to change, modification without warning

6. Exam questions may come from any of these sources

8. 3 important Western European countries: Switzerland Finland Iceland

9. Question – why is Switzerland not a member?

10. Basic Info Helvetia, how the country was called in ancient times Population: 7.3 million. GNI per capita PPP: $ 33 168 Religions: Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 4.3%, others 5.4%, no religion 11%. Languages: German 63.7%, French 20.4%, Italian 6.5%, Romansch 0.5%, are official languages, other 9.4%. Literacy: 100%. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/switzerland.htm

11. Good fighters Swiss mercenaries continued for centuries to serve in other armies; the Swiss Guard of the Pope is a vestige of this tradition.

12. Neutrality Why? Cross-roads of Europe Between empires Roman (Italy) Holy Roman Empire (Germany) Charlemagne (France / Germany) Napoleon Hitler Hapsburg (Austrian) Success fighting Hapsburg’s, loss vs Napoleon

13. Neutrality The Cold War enhanced the role of neutral Switzerland and offered the country a way out of its diplomatic isolation after World War II. Economically, Switzerland integrated itself into the American-led Western postwar order, but it remained reluctant to enter supranational bodies. Switzerland did not for many decades join the United Nations, even though Geneva became host to the UN's European headquarters and the country played an active role in many of the UN's specialized agencies. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Switzerland-history.htm

14. Neutrality Switzerland also remained aloof in the face of European integration efforts, waiting until 1963 to join the Council of Europe. It still remains outside the European Union. Instead, Switzerland in 1960 helped form the European Free Trade Area, which did not strive for political union. Following the Cold War, Switzerland joined the Bretton Woods institutions in 1992 and finally became a member of the United Nations in 2002. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Switzerland-history.htm

15. Switzerland - languages

16. Switzerland – landscapes

26. Wider integration Geographic expansion

27. Who remembers… Review of International IQ lecture by Dr. Hervitz … Questions: How many countries are in the EU today? Who were the founding countries? In which year did the others join?

28. Simple way to remember: Founded- in the 50's 3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86 end of cold war - '89-'91 3 more rounds- '95, '04 and '07

29. Founder Countries of EEC Question: * what happened in Europe 10 years before? 1958 Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

30. Simple way to remember: Founded - in the 50's ‘50 - Treaty of Paris - '57 - Treaty of Rome - 6 founding members of the EEC - European Economic Community - BENELUX + France + W. Germany + Italy

31. 1st enlargement: 1973 Question: * Why did UK wait so long? 1973 1958 Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

32. Simple way to remember: 3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86 '73 - UK (finally admitted after 2 failed attempts), Ireland (tied to the UK), and Denmark (also lots of trade with the UK)

33. 2nd Enlargement: 1981 Question: * What happened in Greece just before 1981? 1973 1958 1981 Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

34. Simple way to remember: 3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86 '73 - UK (finally admitted after 2 failed attempts), Ireland (tied to the UK), and Denmark (also lots of trade with the UK) '81 - Greece (after fall of dictatorship in '70s)

35. 3rd Enlargement: 1986 Question: * What happened in Spain & Portugal just before 1986? 1973 1958 1986 1981 Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

36. Simple way to remember: 3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86 '73 - UK (finally admitted after 2 failed attempts), Ireland (tied to the UK), and Denmark (also lots of trade with the UK) '81 - Greece (after fall of dictatorship in '70s) '86 - Spain & Portugal (after fall of Franco's dictatorship in '70s)

37. Notes about Spain… Spain dictatorship ‘36-75 (approx 40 years) Catalonia (Barcelona) – language repressed, culture Nowadays… calls for greater autonomy

38. 4th Enlargement: 1995 1995 Question: * What happened in Europe around 1989 -91? 1973 1958 1986 1981 Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

39. Simple way to remember: End of cold war - '89 - Berlin Wall comes down '91 - USSR collapse

40. Simple way to remember: 3 more rounds - '95, '04 and '07 '95 - three "neutral" countries from cold war (neither aligned with West, nor with USSR) Austria Sweden Finland (not Norway!... who says "no way" to the EU in referendum)

42. What about the US in ‘01?1973 2004 1958 Cyprus 1986 Malta 1981 Slide created by: Jan Fidrmuc, Brunel University

43. Simple way to remember: 3 more rounds - '95, '04 and '07 '04 - the BIG one - 10 new countries join -- 8 former communist + 2 islands easy way to remember; 3 big ones, 3 "Twins"- Slovenia & Slovakia (similar sounding names, flags, and sized countries... both of which later joined the Eurozone) "Triplets" - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (the three Baltic States countries that used to apart of USSR, just north of Poland, near St. Petersburg Russia) "Big ones" - Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary Small Islands - Cyprus, Malta

45. Simple way to remember: 3 more rounds - '95, '04 and '07 '07 - the two Eastern European countries that didn't get in in '04 Romania Bulgaria (weren't ready in '04, so just in '07)

46. Simple way to remember: Founded- in the 50's 3 rounds - '73, '81 and '86 end of cold war - '89-'91 3 more rounds- '95, '04 and '07