2. • When bones become weak and brittle over
time
• What is osteoporosis
3. • What are bones?
• Mineralized connective tissue
4. • supports much of our body weight and
protects many internal organs; includes the
vertebrae and skull.
• What is axial skeleton
5. • occurs when cartilage in your joints wears
down over time
• What is osteoarthritis
6. • white blood cells move from your
bloodstream into the membranes that
surround your joints (synovium), causing it to
become inflamed
• What is rheumatoid arthritis
7. • These are areas of contact or near contact
between bones, typically filled with synovial
fluid
• joints
17. • This is a painful spasm that doesn’t immediately
release; often calf and thigh muscles are involved.
• cramp
18. • This type of muscular dystrophy is usually
seen in adults
• Myotonic
19. • This disease “freezes” muscles in a contracted
state
• Tetany (which is why you get a tetanus shot)
20. • The nervous system is composed of these two
types of specialized cells
• neurons and (neuro)glial cells
21. • What are the 3 categories/types of neurons?
• Sensory, interneurons, and motor
22. • What are the two major divisions of the
nervous system?
• CNS and PNS
23. • What is the 3 part structure of a neuron?
• Cell body, dendrites and axons
24. • These carry information toward the CNS from
sensory receptors
• These carry information away from the CNS to
an effector (muscle or gland)
25. • These account for more than 99% of the
body’s neurons, are found only in the brain
and spinal cord, and integrate sensory signals
• interneurons
26. • These consist of parallel axons, dendrites, or both
from many neurons
• nerves
27. • This is an electrochemical signal involving
sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) that
cross the cell membrane through ion channels.
• Action potential or nerve impulse
28. • This structure provides electrical insulation that
increases the rate of conduction of a nerve impulse
• Myelin sheath
29. • This results from the destruction of the myelin
sheath that surrounds axons in the CNS;
resulting scars interfere with the transmission
of nerve impulses; can result in paralysis and
loss of sensation, including loss of vision
• Multiple sclerosis
31. • A junction (or gap) between a neuron and an
adjacent cell is called this
• Synapse/Synaptic cleft
32. • Associated with decreased levels of serotonin,
dopamine, and norepinephrine
• Clinical depression
33. • Associated with decreased levels of acetylcholine
• Alzheimer’s disease
34. • This part of the nervous system consists of the
brain and spinal cord; it integrates incoming
information and coordinates all voluntary and
involuntary nervous functions
• CNS
35. • This subdivision of the PNS receives sensory information and
directs voluntary movements
• Somatic nervous system
36. Body System Description
47 Skeletal A) regulates and integrates body functions via specialized
cells
48 Nervous B) regulates and integrates body functions via hormones
49 Endocrine C) moves body and maintains posture; generation of heat
50 Muscular D) protects organs; stores calcium and phosphorus;
produces blood cells
40. Parts of the Endocrine Description
System
41 Thyroid gland A) Located in the brain; produces melatonin in the dark;
influences sleep/wake cycles
42 Adrenal glands B) Located in the chest; site for maturation of white
blood cells
43 Pancreas C) Located at the top of the kidneys; secretes hormones
that help regulate blood levels of glucose, influence
blood pressure, and regulate blood circulation; regulates
hormonal response to stress
44 Thymus gland D) Located in the neck; hormones produced are vital to
normal development and metabolism
45 Pineal gland E) Located behind the stomach; main hormones
produced are glucagon and insulin; helps maintain
glucose levels in the blood
