This document provides guidance on effectively structuring and designing scientific presentations using PowerPoint. It discusses PowerPoint basics like font, color, layout and style. Key recommendations include using a sans serif font in 18pt or larger, limiting text blocks to no more than two lines, including a heading on each slide, and being generous with empty space. The document stresses that it takes work and forethought to use PowerPoint well, and advocates breaking slides down to their minimum essential components.

1. Giving an effective presentation:
Using Powerpoint and structuring a scientific talk
Susan McConnell
Department of Biological Sciences
Stanford University
Thuy t trình t t: S d ng Powerpointế ố ử ụ
và c u trúc m t bài nói khoa h cấ ộ ọ

2. We may not be experts at public speaking,
but we are all experts at listening to talks
Chúng ta có th ko là di n gi nh ngể ễ ả ư
chúng ta s n sàng l ng nghe giao ti pẵ ắ để ế

3. What do you want from a talk?
B n mu n gì t bu i nói chuy n?ạ ố ừ ổ ệ

4. Here are some of the things many listeners
want from a talk:
CONTENT-Nội dung
Conveys new information
thông tin mới
Poses an interesting question
câu hỏi thú vị
Conveys how people in other fields think
Truyền đạt ra sao cho người ngoài lĩnh vực
Describes important ideas
Môt tả các ý tưởng quan trọng
Novel discovery
Khám phá câu chuyện
CLARITY AND ORGANIZATION
Cấu trúc và calrity
Understandable
Có thể hiểu được
Avoids jargon
Tránh biệt ngữ
Uses clear and simple visual aids
Sử dụng phương tiện trực quan, đơn giản rõ ràng
Well organized
Tổ chức tốt
Enables me to catch up if I space out
Cho phép tôi tìm đc nếu tôi “lạc”
Doesn’t run over time
Không quá thời gian
STYLE AND DELIVERY
Phong cách thuyết trình
Keeps me awake
Giữ tôi tỉnh táo
Varies voice
Giọng nói khác nhau
Conveys enthusiasm
Nhiệt tình truyền đạt
Doesn’t stay in one place
Không đứng một chỗ
Friendly and approachable
Thân thiện và gần gũi
EXPERTISE
Giám định
Credible
áng tinĐ
Inspires trust and confidence
Củng cố niềm tin và sự tự tin
Answers questions clearly
Trả lời câu hỏi rõ ràng
M t vài i u thính gi mong mu n t bài nói:ộ đ ề ả ố ừ

5. This presentation focuses solely on ways of using
Powerpoint and organizing a talk to achieve:
Slide này ch t p trung vào cách s d ng Powerpoint và s p x p bài nói cho t tỉ ậ ử ụ ắ ế ố
CONTENT-Nội dung
Conveys new information
thông tin mới
Poses an interesting question
câu hỏi thú vị
Conveys how people in other fields think
Truyền đạt ra sao cho người ngoài lĩnh vực
Describes important ideas
Môt tả các ý tưởng quan trọng
Novel discovery
Khám phá câu chuyện
CLARITY AND ORGANIZATION
Cấu trúc và calrity
Understandable
Có thể hiểu được
Avoids jargon
Tránh biệt ngữ
Uses clear and simple visual aids
Sử dụng phương tiện trực quan, đơn giản rõ ràng
Well organized
Tổ chức tốt
Enables me to catch up if I space out
Cho phép tôi tìm đc nếu tôi “lạc”
Doesn’t run over time
Không quá thời gian
STYLE AND DELIVERY
Phong cách thuyết trình
Keeps me awake
Giữ tôi tỉnh táo
Varies voice
Giọng nói khác nhau
Conveys enthusiasm
Nhiệt tình truyền đạt
Doesn’t stay in one place
Không đứng một chỗ
Friendly and approachable
Thân thiện và gần gũi
EXPERTISE
Giám định
Credible
áng tinĐ
Inspires trust and confidence
Củng cố niềm tin và sự tự tin
Answers questions clearly
Trả lời câu hỏi rõ ràng

6. What do you think of the following slide?
B n ngh gì v slide ti p sau?ạ ĩ ề ế

7. Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation in
MDCK cells:
-RT-PCR: EMK1 is effectively knocked down in
MDCK cells 24 hours after transfection with P-
SUPER (control) or P-SUPER-siEMK1 plasmid;
knockdown confirmed on the right with antibodies to
EMK1.
- Collagen overlay assay: cells cultured 24 h on
collagen I before being overlaid with additional
collagen on the apical surface, analyzed 24 h later.
Note the lack of lumen in EMK1-KO cultures.
- Ca switch: control or EMK1-KO cells were plated
in low Ca medium 24 h upon transfection with
pSUPER or pSUPER-KO. After 12 h, cultures were
switched to normal medium for 24 h. Transmission
EM of cells sectioned perpendicular to the substratum
shows lack of microvilli in EMK1-KO cells.

8. Is this better?
Th này có t t h n không?ế ố ơ

9. Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation
in MDCK cells
Not much.
Không nhi uề

10. Powerpoint basics:
PP c b nơ ả

11. Powerpoint basics:
1. What font to use
1, Font ch s d ngữ ử ụ

12. Powerpoint basics:
1. What font to use
Use a Sans Serif font:
This font is Arial.
This font is Comic Sans.
This font is Trebuchet.
1, Font ch s d ngữ ử ụ
Sans Serif font:
Arial.
Comic Sans.
Trebuchet.

13. Powerpoint basics:
1. What font to use
Use a Sans Serif font:
This font is Arial.
This font is Comic Sans.
This font is Trebuchet.
Serif fonts take longer to read…
Serif fonts tốn thời gian để đọc

14. Powerpoint basics:
1. What font to use
Use a Sans Serif font:
This font is Arial.
This font is Comic Sans.
This font is Trebuchet.
Serif fonts take longer to read…
This font is Times New Roman.
This font is Courier.
This font is Didot.
Serif fonts tốn thời gian để đọc

15. Powerpoint basics:
1. What font to use
Some fonts look super in boldface:
Arial vs. Arial bold
Comic Sans vs. Comic Sans bold
Trebuchet vs. Trebuchet bold
Một vài font chữ ở dạng in đậm:

16. Powerpoint basics:
1. What font to use
Cỡ chữ nên là 18 hoặc lớn hơn:
Type size should be 18 points or larger:
18 point
20 point
24 point
28 point
36 point
* References can be in 14 point font

17. Powerpoint basics:
1. What font to use
AVOID USING ALL CAPITAL LETTERS
BECAUSE IT’S REALLY HARD TO READ!
TRÁNH DÙNG T T C CÁC CH Đ ULÀ INẤ Ả Ữ Ề
HOA VÌ NÓ KHÓ Đ CỌ

18. Powerpoint basics:
2. Color – Màu s cắ
Dark letters against a light background work.
Ch t i t ng ph n v i n n sángữ ố ươ ả ớ ề

19. Powerpoint basics:
2. Color
Light letters against a dark background also work.
Ch sáng t ng ph n n n t iữ ươ ả ề ố

20. Powerpoint basics:
2. Color
Many experts feel that a dark blue or black
background works best for talks in a large room.
Nhi u ng i th y r ng màu xanh d ng đ m ho cề ườ ấ ằ ươ ậ ặ
n n đen là t t cho phòng l n.ề ố ớ

21. Powerpoint basics:
2. Color
Dark letters against a light background are best
for smaller rooms and for teaching.
Và ch t i và n n sáng là t t nh t cho phòng nh và gi ngữ ố ề ố ấ ỏ ả
d y.ạ

22. Powerpoint basics:
2. Color
Avoid red-green combinations because a large fraction
of the human population is red-green colorblind.
Tránh xanh – đ k t h p vì nhi u ng i mù màu đ xanh.ỏ ế ợ ề ườ ỏ
Lots of people can’t read this –
and even if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.

23. Powerpoint basics:
2. Color
Other color combinations can be equally bad.
M t vài k t h p màu khác cũng tộ ế ợ ệ

24. Powerpoint basics:
2. Color
View your slides in grayscale to ensure that there is
adequate color contrast in each slide.
M t vài k t h p màu khác cũng tộ ế ợ ệ

25. Powerpoint basics:
3. Layout
Every slide should have a heading.
Sentences are preferred if it’s possible
to make a statement.
B c cố ụ
M i slide nên có m t tiêuỗ ộ đề
Các câu t t h n là d ng kh ng nh n u có thố ơ để ạ ẳ đị ế ể

26. Powerpoint basics:
3. Layout
Limit text blocks to no more
than two lines each.
Gi i h n ch trong khung không quá hai dòngớ ạ ữ

27. Powerpoint basics:
3. Layout
The reason for limiting text blocks to two lines is that
when the text block goes on and on forever, people in
the audience are going to have to make a huge effort
to read the text, which will preclude them from paying
attention to what you are saying. Every time you lose
their focus, your presentation suffers!
Vì khán gi s phân tán c ch và m t t p trung vàoả ẽ đểđọ ữ ấ ậ
nh ng gì b n nói, và r t d b xáo tr n t p trung.ữ ạ ấ ễ ị ộ ậ

28. Powerpoint basics:
3. Layout
Lists should contain no more than 3 items:
• Item 1
• Item 2
• Item 3
Danh sách nên ng n g n, không quá 3 g ch u dòngắ ọ ạ đầ

29. Powerpoint basics:
3. Layout
It is often effective to “unveil” your list one by one:
• Item 1
• Item 2
• Item 3
Và t t h n là hi n ra t ng cái m tố ơ để ệ ừ ộ

30. Powerpoint basics:
3. Layout
Avoid sublists!
• Item 1
- Item 1a
- Item 1b
- Item 1c
• Item 2
- Item 2a
- Item 2b
• Item 3
C ng tránh các g ch u dòng nh h n quá chi ti tũ ạ đầ ỏ ơ ế

31. Powerpoint basics:
3. Layout
Be generous with empty space.
Tho i mái h n cho nh ng kho ng tr ng h p lýả ơ ữ ả ố ợ

32. Powerpoint basics:
3. Layout
If you try to cram too much
into a slide, and place things
too close to the sides, they
can get cut off if you’re
using a poor projector. In
any case, the slide looks all
cluttered and junky.
N u m t slide b nh i nhét quá nhi u, có thế ộ ị ồ ề ể
nó s b xáo tr n khi i v i máy chi u khôngẽ ị ộ đ ớ ế
phù h p, và lúc ó m i th s b lung tungợ đ ọ ứ ẽ ị

33. Powerpoint basics:
4. Style
Try your best to include a
simple image on every slide.
Phong cách
Th làm t t nh t có m t hình nh n gi n cho m iử ố ấ để ộ ả đơ ả ỗ
slide

34. Powerpoint basics:
4. Style
Limit the number of items on each slide.
Each slide should make just one or two points!
Gi i h n s n v m i slideớ ạ ố đơ ị ỗ
M i slide nên làm ch m t ho c hai i m chínhỗ ỉ ộ ặ đ ể

35. Powerpoint basics:
4. Style
This is just
too much.
Arrrgh!
Quá nhi u!ề

36. Powerpoint basics:
4. Style
Here is a simple rule for showing figures and images:
If you’re not going to take the time
to explain it, get rid of it.
ây là m t nguyên t c n gi n cho trình bày s li u vàĐ ộ ắ đơ ả ố ệ
hình nhả
N u không có th i gian gi i thích nó thì b nó iế ờ để ả ỏ đ

37. Powerpoint basics:
4. Style
Avoid fancy transitions between slides
unless you have a good reason.
Tránh vi c chuy n i k t n i gi a các slide tr khi b nệ ể đổ ế ố ữ ừ ạ
có m c ích rõ ràngụ đ

38. Powerpoint basics:
4. Style
Here is a sensible use of a “wipe” transition:
M t ví d cho s chuy n ti pộ ụ ự ể ế
có m c đíchụ

39. Powerpoint basics:
4. Style
Here is a sensible use of a “wipe” transition:

40. Powerpoint basics:
4. Style
Don’t try to show too many slides.
Often, less is more.
Đừng có cố show quá nhiều sildes,
thường ít tốt hơn

41. It’s very easy to use Powerpoint really badly
R t d đ l m d ng PP m t cách b a bãiấ ễ ể ạ ụ ộ ừ

42. Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation in
MDCK cells:
-RT-PCR: EMK1 is effectively knocked down in
MDCK cells 24 hours after transfection with P-
SUPER (control) or P-SUPER-siEMK1 plasmid;
knockdown confirmed on the right with antibodies to
EMK1.
- Collagen overlay assay: cells cultured 24 h on
collagen I before being overlaid with additional
collagen on the apical surface, analyzed 24 h later.
Note the lack of lumen in EMK1-KO cultures.
- Ca switch: control or EMK1-KO cells were plated
in low Ca medium 24 h upon transfection with
pSUPER or pSUPER-KO. After 12 h, cultures were
switched to normal medium for 24 h. Transmission
EM of cells sectioned perpendicular to the substratum
shows lack of microvilli in EMK1-KO cells.

43. It takes some work and forethought
to use Powerpoint well
Và c ng c n ph i có suy ngh tr c s d ng nó t tũ ầ ả ĩ ướ để ử ụ ố

44. It takes some work and forethought
to use Powerpoint well
Let’s break down the previous slide
into its minimum essential components
Gi thì chia cái slide lúc tr c thành nh ng thành ph n nhờ ướ ữ ầ ỏ
nh t c n thi tấ ầ ế

45. RT-PCR
Western
MDCK (kidney)cells
EMK1 / Par1 can be knocked down in
MDCK (kidney) cells using siRNA methods

46. RT-PCR
Western
MDCK cells
EMK1 / Par1 can be knocked down in
MDCK (kidney) cells using siRNA methods

47. MDCK cells form a lumen
following a change in extracellular [Ca++
]
gp135 β-catenin ZO-1
Side view of lumen
MDCK cells
Surface view from lumen

48. MDCK cells form a lumen
following a change in extracellular [Ca++
]
gp135 β-catenin ZO-1
Surface view from lumen
Side view of lumen
MDCK cells

49. gp135
Lumen formation is blocked
in EMK1 knockdown cells
β-catenin ZO-1
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

50. EMK1 knockdown cells also fail to form microvilli
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

51. EMK1 knockdown cells also fail to form microvilli
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

52. The structure of a good talk: start broad,
get specific, and end broad
C u trúc t t c a m t bài nói: M u, i m nh n n i b t, và k t thúcấ ố ủ ộ ở đầ đ ể ấ ổ ậ ế

53. The structure of a good talk: start broad,
get specific, and end broad
Start with the biggest questions
and get progressively more specific
B t u v i câu h i l n nh t và ngày càng i vào c th h nắ đầ ớ ỏ ớ ấ đ ụ ể ơ

54. A powerful tool in a talk is a “home slide”
Design and introduce a “home slide” that you’ll come
back to at each major transition in your talk.
Công c t t là “home slide”ụ ố
Thi t k và gi i thi u m t “home slide” mà b n s tr l i m i khi b nế ế ớ ệ ộ ạ ẽ ở ạ ỗ ạ
chuy n ý chínhể

55. A powerful tool in a talk is a “home slide”
Now we’ll build an introduction and a home slide
that puts the previous data into context.
Nào chúng ta s xây d ng m t m u và m t home slide vàẽ ự ộ ở đầ ộ
a nh ng slide tr c vào trong n i dungđư ư ướ ộ

56. Our bodies are full of tubes

57. Our bodies are full of tubes
digestive enzymes
Intestine

58. How do cells become polarized and form a lumen?
digestive enzymes
Intestine

59. MDCK cells are a model system for a
polarized cell type (from the kidney)

60. MDCK cells are a model system for a
polarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins

61. MDCK cells are a model system for a
polarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins centrosome

62. MDCK cells are a model system for a
polarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins centrosome
tight junctions

63. MDCK cells are a model system for a
polarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins
microtubules
centrosome
tight junctions

64. MDCK cells are a model system for a
polarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins
microtubules
tight junctions
extracellular matrix
centrosome

65. MDCK cells lose their polarity in low [Ca++
]
low [Ca++
]

66. MDCK cells regain their polarity
in normal [Ca++
] and reform a lumen
normal [Ca++
]

67. MDCK cells regain their polarity
in normal [Ca++
] and reform a lumen
time
normal [Ca++
]

68. EMK1 (also known as Par1) is a serine-threonine
kinase that regulates polarity in many cells

69. EMK1 (also known as Par1) is a serine-threonine
kinase that regulates polarity in many cells
EMK1 localizes to tight
junctions in MDCK cells

70. Questions addressed today:

71. Questions addressed today:
• Is the kinase EMK1 essential
for polarizing kidney cells?

72. Questions addressed today:
• Is the kinase EMK1 essential
for polarizing kidney cells?
• Is EMK1 important for lumen
formation?

73. Questions addressed today:
• Is the kinase EMK1 essential
for polarizing kidney cells?
• Is EMK1 important for lumen
formation?
• How do different tissues form
different types of tubes?

74. The middle is the meat of the talk…
Ph n gi a là th t c a bài nóiầ ữ ị ủ

75. …but talks are delivered to audiences
with limited attention spans
Audience attention curve
Nh ng li u có thu hút n u s t p trung ngày càng gi mư ệ ế ự ậ ả

76. The middle is the meat of the talk
The middle is also the time at which
the audience tends to zone out
Th i i m mà khán gi có xu h ng ra kh i vùng l ng ngheờ đ ể ả ướ ỏ ắ

77. Enabling the audience to tune back in
After going into depth, come back to
your home slide to make transitions
Sau khi i vào sâu l i tr l i home slide t o s chuy nđ ạ ở ạ để ạ ự ể
nh pị

78. Enabling the audience to tune back in
Nontechnical
General
technical
Specialist
After going into depth, come back to
your home slide to make transitions
S chuy n nh p: h ng n các i t ngự ể ị ướ đế đố ượ
không chuyên, chuyên môn t ng quát, chuyên giaổ

79. Enabling the audience to tune back in
Nontechnical
General
technical
Specialist
Let’s review “episode 1” (which we’ve
already designed) and add a home slide

80. Questions addressed today:
• Is the kinase EMK1 essential
for polarizing kidney cells?
• Is EMK1 important for lumen
formation?
• How do different tissues form
different types of tubes?

81. RT-PCR
Western
MDCK cells
EMK1 / Par1 can be knocked down in
MDCK (kidney) cells using siRNA methods

82. gp135
Lumen formation is blocked
in EMK1 knockdown cells
β-catenin ZO-1
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

83. EMK1 knockdown cells also fail to form microvilli
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown

84. EMK1 is required for cell polarization
Normal MDCK cells:
low [Ca++
] normal [Ca++
]

85. EMK1 is required for cell polarization
EMK1 knockdown cells:
low [Ca++
] normal [Ca++
]

86. Use your home slide repeatedly to build a theme
over time and enable the audience to catch up
home slide
Nontechnical
General
technical
Specialist
S d ng home slide l p l i xây d ng m t khung theo th i gian và ng iử ụ ặ ạ để ự ộ ờ ườ
nghe có th n m b tể ắ ắ

87. Over the course of the talk, you can
progressively build a fairly complex model
final home slide
Nontechnical
General
technical
Specialist
Qua bu i nói chuy n b n có th d n d n xây d ng m t c u trúc ph c t pổ ệ ạ ể ầ ầ ự ộ ấ ứ ạ

88. EMK1 regulates microtubules and
cell polarity in two steps

89. Increasing the level of EMK1 can alter
the type of lumen formed in step 2

90. The structure of a good talk: start broad,
get specific, and end broad
Focus now on conclusions
T p trung vào k t lu nậ ế ậ

91. Audience attention increases as you signal
the end of the talk – so avoid false endings!
Audience attention curve
Ng i nghe s có xu h ng t p trung vào cu i bài nói,ườ ẽ ướ ậ ố
vì v y tránh k t thúc t ng tậ ế độ ộ

92. End with the most specific conclusions then
build back out to the “big picture”
K t thúc v i nh ng k t lu n c th r i tr l i v i b c tranh t ng thế ớ ữ ế ậ ụ ể ồ ở ạ ớ ứ ổ ể

93. EMK1 regulates microtubules and
cell polarity in two steps

94. Increasing the level of EMK1 can alter
the type of lumen formed in step 2

95. The type of lumen formed by epithelial cells
varies among different tissues
digestive enzymes
Intestine Liver
bile

96. EMK1 may enable cells to make different
types of tubes in different organs
digestive enzymes
Intestine Liver
bile

97. Organizing a great talk

98. Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint

99. Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
• Introductions should start
broad then get specific

100. Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
• Introductions should start
broad then get specific
• Think of your talk as
consisting of episodes

101. Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
• Introductions should start
broad then get specific
• Think of your talk as
consisting of episodes
• Use a home slide to make
transitions effectively

102. Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
• Introductions should start
broad then get specific
• Think of your talk as
consisting of episodes
• Use a home slide to make
transitions effectively
• Conclusions should start with
specifics but end broadly

103. Is this all you need to know
to give a great talk?
T t c i u này b n có c n làm m t bài nói t t?ấ ảđ ề ạ ầ để ộ ố

104. Is this all you need to know
to give a great talk?
CONTENT
Conveys new information
Poses an interesting question
Conveys how people in other fields think
Describes important ideas
Novel discovery
CLARITY AND ORGANIZATION
Understandable
Avoids jargon
Uses clear and simple visual aids
Well organized
Enables me to catch up if I space out
Doesn’t run over time
STYLE AND DELIVERY
Keeps me awake
Varies voice
Conveys enthusiasm
Doesn’t stay in one place
Friendly and approachable
EXPERTISE
Credible
Inspires trust and confidence
Answers questions clearly

105. No, but it’s a good first step!
CONTENT
Conveys new information
Poses an interesting question
Conveys how people in other fields think
Describes important ideas
Novel discovery
CLARITY AND ORGANIZATION
Understandable
Avoids jargon
Uses clear and simple visual aids
Well organized
Enables me to catch up if I space out
Doesn’t run over time
STYLE AND DELIVERY
Keeps me awake
Varies voice
Conveys enthusiasm
Doesn’t stay in one place
Friendly and approachable
EXPERTISE
Credible
Inspires trust and confidence
Answers questions clearly
Có th không, nh ng là b c kh i u t t.ể ư ướ ở đầ ố

106. A great resource for
additional information is:
The Craft of Scientific
Presentations
by Michael Alley

107. M t vài nguyên t c b sungộ ắ ổ
- V hình th c:ề ứ
- Ch và n n rõ ràng ( nên là 6 dòng – m i dòng 6 ch )ữ ề ỗ ữ
- Hình nh ch t l ng t t, tr c quan và có ý ngh aả ấ ượ ố ự ĩ
- S d ng t li u: m b o trích d n rõ ngu n, d nử ụ ư ệ đả ả ẫ ồ ẫ
ch ng h p lý.ứ ợ (Tài li u mang tính ch t khoa h c, ho c d n ch ng s li uệ ấ ọ ặ ẫ ứ ố ệ
c n rõ ngh a và trích d n rõ ràng)ầ ĩ ẫ
- V n i dung:ề ộ
Tiêu t t - b c c rõ ràng - có i m nh nđề ố ố ụ đ ể ấ
- V trình bày:ề
- Gi ng nghe, tròn vành rõ ch ( tránh ti ng lóng, tọ đủ ữ ế ừ
a ph ng) Nói có nh p i u và ng t câu, nh n m nh.đị ươ ị đ ệ ắ ấ ạ
- Nói có s c truy n t i và thuy t ph cứ ề ả ế ụ
D ch và ghi chú: Bomxuan868ị