Presentation given at workshop on Hybrid Teaching at University of Nottingham on 12 Jan 2022.

1. The hidden skills
and knowledge gaps
in hybrid teaching
dominik.lukes@ctl.ox.ac.uk

2. First things first!

3. What do I mean by: skills,
knowledge and gap?

4. knowledge = mental
model of how things work

5. skills = fluency of
performance

6. gap = difference between
necessary and current
state of knowledge and
skills

7. Intuitive is not enough

8. “we first have to look at
how people understand
the design in the first
place. To do that, we need
to look at the design’s
knowledge space.”
-- Jared Spool

9. Knowledge gap illustrated

10. “The biggest challenge in
making a design seem
intuitive to users is
learning where the current
and target knowledge
points are.”
-- Jared Spool

11. Teams intuitive or not?
How do you turn off
together mode?

12. People don’t develop
knowledge and skills in teh
same way.

13. Just wants to know the steps
Wants to
just try
different
things
4.
Knows ‘just
enough to be
dangerous’
1.
‘Technophobe’
(just want it to work)
Wants to
know
exactly
what to do
3.
Hacker
(in a good way, take it
apart and put it back)
2.
Sys Admin
(why change things
that work)
Needs to understand principles

14. Some hybrid mental
models

15. Mental models can help
make sense of the needs.

16. Three levels of hybrid
Mostly Face to Face Half and half Mostly remote
Lecture
Mostly presentation
with some questions
(large audience)
• Pointing a laptop
with a Teams
session at the
presenter can be
sufficient
• Two computer set up
ideal with screen to
display remote
attendees
• F2F attendees should
bring laptops
• Pointing a laptop with a
Teams session at the
presenter can be
sufficient
• F2F attendees benefit
from laptop
Seminar / Lab
Group work with
presentations and
questions (medium
audience)
• Ensure one F2F
group has a laptop
to integrate remote
attendees
• Focus on reporting
back and integrating
remote attendees
• Teaching assistant
highly recommended
• F2F attendees need
laptops to integrate
• Audio biggest concern.
Consider purchasing
Meeting OWL.
• One local group can
work with laptop
• Facilitator works with
own laptop
Tutorial / meeting
Highly interactive for
whole group (smaller
size)
• Single laptop should
suffice
• Consider purchasing
an external noise
cancelling USB
microphone/speaker
• Single laptop should
suffice
• Projector recommended
• Consider purchasing
Meeting OWL
• Single laptop should
suffice with F2F
participants sitting side
by side

17. What do we need
2-3 External
screens
2 Computers 2 Cameras Microphone
and speaker

18. What we want to achieve
2-3 External
screens
Projector
Screen with
participants for
attendees
Screen with
participants for
presenter
2 Computers
One as presenter
One to see
participants
2 Cameras
One for speaker
One for audience
Microphone
and speaker
Noise canceling
Sensitive robust

19. Good mental models can
help make sense of
seeming chaos.

20. A box of goodies. How to we sort it all out?

21. The fundamental question - Who sees what?
Presenter Local
Participant
Remote
participant

22. Who sees who and what break down
Who sees
What
Presenter Local
Participants
Remote
Participants
Presentation
Presenter
Themselves on
Teams with other
participants
Face to face in
the room
in Teams window
on comfort
monitor
In presenter
mode on comfort
monitor
Remote
Participant
In Teams window
In Teams window
from Camera 2
In Teams window
In Teams
window
Local
Participant
Face to face in
the room
Sees face to face
in the room
See on a screen
facing them
(optional)
On a projector
screen in the
room

23. Basic set up

24. What does it look like

25. Another view
Media cabinet with
DELL and MacMini

26. Two screens

27. Two computers and …

28. Projector or two

29. Power cables

30. Sometimes more
straightforward
propositional knowledge is
helpful

31. Microphone / Speaker / Camera Combinations
Jabra Panacast 50 Logitech Meet up Meeting OWL Pro Jabra Meet 510
Description • 3 cameras
• 180 view
• Automatic
speaker
switching
• 1 rotating camera
• Speaker follow
• 180 view
• Remote control
• 1 camera on top
• 360 view
• App to control
• Integrated USB
microphone and
speaker
• No cameras
Strengths • Best quality
speaker and mic
• Built in stand
• More portable
• Good quality for
smaller rooms
• Creates split screen
with local attendees
• All round view
• Controllable through
phone
• Noise cancelling
• Ideal for small
rooms
• Cheap
Weaknesses • No built in stand
• Large and heavy
• Not as good
speaker for large
rooms
• Not as good
microphone for
large rooms
• Small rooms only

32. Metaphors can also be
mental models.

33. Everything digital is connected
by some sort of a pipe through
which information flows.
Pipes have branches and gates.
Pipes metaphor

34. For your computer to find
anything, it has to have a
unique address. There has to
be a path to that address and
the address has a name. And
the computer must have a
procedure for following that
path.
Addresses metaphor

35. Example of audio pipes and addresses

36. Understanding echo source…

37. … can help with echo resolution

38. But sometimes
straightforward factual
knowledge is necessary.

39. Teams does not always honour system settings

40. Some skills

41. Are radio DJs smarter than university lecturers?

42. Chunks and shortcuts can
let us manage complex
situations.

43. Targeted (deliberate)
practice can help develop
chunks.

44. Think of this as learning a
foreign language. Simply
knowing the words and
rules is not enough!

45. Developing fluency with
these tasks can help.

46. Skills
Use multiple
monitors
Win-P
Win-Shift-
Drag
Switch
between
windows
Alt-TAB / Command
tab
Teams
Features
Screen share

47. Set up many monitors Win - P

48. Send current window to another monitor
+

49. Win/Alt/Cmd Tab to reveal memory

50. Switch between Windows with Alt-TAB

52. Summary of keyboard shortcuts
Alt-Tab Switch between open
windows
Win-P Switch between mirroring and
extending screen to multiple
monitors
Win-Shift-
Left Arrow
Switch active window between
monitors

53. Transferring mental
models into fluent actions
is also necessary.

54. Pick the right kind of sharing
Everything on
screen
Just one
window
PPT Within
Teams

55. Understand which window to share
Presenter view
PowerPoint
Slide show

56. Expecting things to ‘just
work’ is like expecting cars
to ‘just drive’.

57. This requires
deliberate practice
dominik.lukes@ctl.ox.ac.uk | @techczech