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THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND
     THE MUSLIMS




           BY
      SAEED ISMAEEL




         1995-1416
fu rht rJAfrrE AILah, rhe nosr Ben{icetr, rhe firosr nenciful
             of
iN ThE NAME ofAllAh, ThE MOST BENEficENT, ThE MOST MERCiflJ1
OF CONTENTS
              TABLE OF CONTENTS



Introduction
Introduction                                         1
Background of Shee'ah Ideologies
Background Shee'ah       Ideologies                  2
The Holy Qur'an
The        Qur'an                                    3
The Sunna Hadeeth
The Sunna or Hadeeth                                 6
Ijma' (Consensus Semi-Consensus)
Ijma' (Consensus or Semi-Consensus)                  8
Articles Faith andPillars Islam
Articles of Faith and Pillars of Islam              1l
                                                    11
              Concept Imamate
The Shee'ah Concept of Imamate
The Shee'ah                                         t3
                                                    13
The Family of the Prophet (peaceBeUponHim)
     Family of     Prophet 6ro""neuponHim)          I6
                                                    16
The Companions of the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him)
     Companions of       Prophet @eaceBeUponHim)    18
                                                    18
Toq'yah (Shielding)
Toq'yah (Shielding)                                 2r
                                                    21
Mut'ah - Temporary    Marriage
Mut' ah - Temporary Marriage                        24
                                                    24
Ghadeer
Ghadeer Khum                                        26
                                                    26
Conclusion
Conclusion                                          30
                                                    30
References
References                                          31
                                                    31
I*t*oDUCrroN
INTRODUCTION
      Thanks be        ALLAH,           help seekand   guidancewe searchfor'
      Thanks be to ALLAH, His help we seek and His guidance we search for;
ra*romsoever   ALLAH permits go astrayshall neverhave guidan"", , rlrornro"rr.i
whomsoever ALLAH permits to go astray shall never have guidance, whomsoever
ALLAH guides shall neverbe misled; and bearwitnessthat there is no God but
ALLAH guides shall never be misled; and I bear witness that there is no God but
ALLAH alone and He has no partner;and bearwitnessthat Mohammedis His
ALLAH alone and He has no partner; and I bear witness that Mohammed is His
servant and messenger.Peace be upon him, his family, his companions
servant and messenger. Peace be upon him, his family, his companions and their
                                                                       and their
followers until the day of resurrection.
followers       the day    resurrection.
      ALLAH commands us in the Holy Qur'an: "Let there arise out ofyou a
      ALLAH commands us          the         Qur'an'. "Let there arise
group of people iniviting to all that Lv good (Islam), enjoining Al-ma'ruf(i.e.
       of         iniviting    all     is                enjoining Al-ma'ruf (te.
Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) andforbidding Al-
                                                            do) andforbidding Al-
Munhar (polytheism
Munkar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden). And it is
                                          all             hasforbidden). And
they who are the successful"l. I pray to ALLAH that He will accept this work as
they             successful"r. pray ALLAH that                  acceptthis     as
a correct response to His commandment.
a correctresponse His commandment.
                   to
       The purpose        this pamphlet is to presenta
       The purpose of this pamphlet is to present a brief idea about the religious
                                                                idea aboutthe religious
issues that the Shee'ah scholars have disagreed upon with the majority of Muslim
issuesthat the Shee'ah      scholars havedisagreed    uponwith the majority Muslim
                     acquaint especially thosewho have a vaguepicture what the
scholars. It is to acquaint especially those who have a vague picture of what the
scholars. is
Shee'ahschool         thought is comparison the malority'sversionof Islam.ln
Shee'ah school of thought is in comparison to the majority's version ofIslam. In
                                                  to
short, is answerthe ever-risingquestions. the disagreement
short, it is to answer the ever-rising questions. Is the disagreement vital? And if it is
                                                  Is                  vital?     if is
vital, as a Muslim Shee'ah or following the Muslim scholars, what should I do to
vital, as a Muslim Shee'ah followingthe Muslim scholars,
                                or                                 what should do to
find the right Islam and the nght path to Paradise?
find the right Islam and the right path to Paradise? May ALLAH bestow on us His
                                                             ALLAH bestowon us His
mercyandnot depriveus His guidance.
mercy and not deprive us of His guidance. Ameen.
                                              Ameen.




t The Holy Qur'an: Chapter 3 verse 104.
I the      Qur'an: Chapter verse 104
Boa*cRouND oF 'HEE'AHTDEoLocIES
BACKGROUND OF SHEE'AD IDEOLOGIES
       When Islam came as a guidance for mankind, the early generation of
       When Islam came as         guidance     mankind, the early generation
devoted Muslims sincerely worked hard      propagate
devoted Muslims sincerelyworked hard to propagate and defendit, allowing Islam
                                                      and defend allowing Islam
to spread steadfastly.However, this createda wave of angerand hatredtowards
    spread steadfastly. However, this created wave anger and hatred towards
Islam from some of the narrow mindedreligiousfigures, especially of Judarsm
Islam from some        the narrow minded religious figures,especially Judaism.
They plotted to assassinate the prophet (peae upoHim)
They plotted to assassinate prophet (Peace Be Him) and to creatediscordor
                              the             Be Uprn    and      create discord or
fighting among Muslims (Fitnah). However, the Iman faith the companions
fighting among Muslims (Fitnah). However,the Imanor faith of the companions
was so strong that they were not affected by such conspiracies. After the death of
was so strong that they were not affected suchconspiracies.      After the death
many companions, the Jewishconspiracy
many companions,                           among others, represented Abdullah
                     the Jewish conspiracy amongothers,   represented by Abdullah
bin Sabaa, found its way first, thru Muslims lesseducated
bin Sabaa,found its way first, thru Muslims less educated aboutIslamthenlater
                                                             about Islam then later
on to therestof the Muslim Community. 1
on to the rest the MuslimCommunity.l

       During the term       the first and secondCa'lee'phah's     (Leader the whole
       During the term of the first and second Ca'lee'phah's (Leader of the whole
Muslim nation) there were still many companions. the end
Muslim nation) there were still many companions. By the end of the third          the third
Ca'lee'phah'sreign,a greatnumber the companions the Prophet                    (peaeBer.rptnHim)
Ca'lee'phah's reign, a great number of the companions of the Prophet (Peace Be Uptm Him)
had passed away, while the number            new generationand new converts
had passed away, while the number of new generation and new converts had               had
multiplied tremendously. this time, the tribalist,racistand Jewishmovements
multiplied tremendously. At this time, the tribalist, racist and Jewish movements
found an opportunity cometo the surface.        Among thesemovements that
found an opportunity to come to the surface. Among these movements was that of
                        to                                                      was
Abdullah Bin Sabaa,as had been mentionedabove. He is a YemenJew who
Abdullah Bin Sabaa, as had been mentioned above. He is a Yemen Jew who
claimedthat        had divtneauthority.This developed  furtherinto the claim that he,
claimed that Ali had divine authority. This developed further into the claim that he,
his son-Al-Hassan. sonAl-Hussainandthe
                      his                         descendants the lattershouldbe
his son, AI-Hassan, his son AI-Hussain and the descendants of the latter should be
the future leaders the whole Muslim Ummah forever. This was. course.
the future leaders of the whole Muslim Ummah forever. This was, of course,
contrary to the currentpracticesinceafterthe Prophet     (peaerlerJprnHiml had
                                                                             Abu Bakr
contrary to the current practice since after the Prophet (Peace Be Up,m Him) Abu Bakr had
been elected as the Caliph (Leader) the whole Muslim Ummah (Nation),
been elected as the Caliph (Leader) of the whole Muslim Ummah (Nation),
followed by Omar. There was as yet, until today,no claim that                 shouldbe the
followed by Omar. There was as yet, until today, no claim that Ali should be the
                  d
first Ca'lee'phah
first Ca'lee'phah'.2

                                finally founda place acceptance the capital
                                                                    in
      This allegation however, finally found a place of acceptance in the capital of
      This allegation however,
the previously lranian Empire,Al-Madayen,       more easilythan in the otherregions
the previously Iranian Empire, AI-Madayen, more easily than in the other regions
   the IslamicEmpireat that time, especially    sinceAl-Hussain,  second son
of the Islamic Empire at that time, especially since AI-Hussain, second son of Ali,
was thenmarried to the daughter the last Iranian Emperor.3
was then married to the daughter of the last Iranian Emperor?

       This is why the Shee'ah concept the hereditary        system leadership
       This is why the Shee'ah concept of the hereditary system of leadership is   is
                                                               fourth Shiite's Imam
confined to the descendants of AI-Husain, beginning with fourth Shiite's
confined to the descendants Al-Husain, beginning with                          Imam
(leader).The claim that      shouldbe the first Caliphstarted   mainly as a political
(leader). The claim that Ali should be the first Caliph started mainly as a political
ploy to creatediscordamongMuslimsby agitating tribal andracialdifferences
                                                     the
ploy to create discord among Muslims by agitating the tribal and racial differences
and hostilities.
andhostilities.

' Zaheer, p 17-24, quoting three Shee'ah source.
I Zaheer,p l7-24, quoting three Shee'ahsource
2Ibn Taymiyah, Vol. 3 pp. 116-72.
2Ibn Taymiyah,Vol. 3 pp. I 16-72.
t Ali Hassan pp. 230-231.
             pp.230-231.
3     Hassan

                                                   2
The end result of the political claim, however, was a religiousdifference
       The endresult the politicalclaim,however,       was religious difference and
                                                                                and
deviation from the Islam maintained by the great majority of Muslim scholars.
deviation from the Islammaintained the greatmajority Muslim scholars.
                                      by
       Shee'ah l derive their name from Shee'ee 2 which means in Arabic supporter,
        Shee'ahr derivetheir namefrom Shee'ee2     which means Arabic supporter,
here to mean the supporters of Ali, his sons, Hassan and Hussain, and descendants
here to meanthe supporters           his sons,Hassan   and Hussain, and descendants
of Hussain. Shee'ah are divided into groups: the Zaidis, whohavedeviatedthe
    Hussain. Shee'ahare divided into groups'. theZaidis.who have deviated the
least; the Ja'fari Eth'nai Ashri, the Ismailis, and the Alawi Nusairi. Druzesderive
least; the Ja'fari Eth'naiAshri, the Ismailis,and the AlawiNusairi. Druzes derive
their roots from Ismailism and Fatimid Shee'ah?
their rootsfrom IsmailismandFatimidShee'ah.3
      The following pages are devoted to the discussion of the Ja'fari Eth'nai
       The following pages are devotedto the discussion the Ja'fari Eth'nai
Ashri (Ja'fari twelve Imams), which represents the Shee'ah majority.
Ashri (Ja'faritwelve Imams),  which represents Shee'ah
                                               the         majority.




1
 'Plural.
  Plural.
2Singular.
2 Singular.

3 IbnTaymiuah,Minhaj, vol. lp.3; vol2p.l24 Tabatabai                                     Al-Falwazan pp. 9-l 8.
3 Ibn Tayrniuah, Minhaj, vol. Ip.3; vol 2 p.124 Tabatabai pp. 75-82; Abdulla pp. 73-143; Al-Falwazan
                                                          pp.75-82; Abdulla pp. 73-143;              pp. 9-18.

                                                       3
HOLYQUR'AN
  oLY QIIR'AN
           Ja'fari Shee'ah scholar says: 'that the number of verses the
     The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholar says: 'that the number of versesin the Holy
Qur'an is 1700'.rAl-Kafi by Al-Kolayni,which is believed Shee'ahscholars as
Qur'an 1700'"               Al-Kolayni, which believed by Shee'ah scholarsas
the most trustworthy and celebratedwork of HADEETH known in the Shee'ah
the most trustworthy and celebrated            ofHADEETH               the Shee'ah
             'Any human being who claims to have collectedthe Qur'an in its
world, says: 'Any human being
world, says:                              claims    have collected the Qur'an
complete form is a liar. Only Ali and the Imamscollectedit all and preservedit'.2
complete           liar.      Ali and the Imams collected      and preserved it'.2
       The Shee'ah Scholars also allow their followers to readthe existingHoly
        The Shee'ah Scholars also                followers read the existing
Qur'an till they are taught their version. This permissionis basedon a Shee'ah
Qur'an   till       are taught       version. This permission based         Shee'ah
                                                        th
tradition which says: I said to lmam Ali Musa (the 8s Imam), we hearfrom you
tradition          says:   said    Imam Ali Musa (the 8 Imam),       hear from
Qur'anic verseswhich we havenot leamed.Are we committingsinstiy not reciting
Qur'anic   verses            have    learned.        committing sins by     reciting
them? The Imam said 'No, read the              have learned. Someone will cometo
them? The lmam said'No, readthe way you havelearned.Someone            will come
                                  th
              (referring    the l2e Imam       will reappear and bring with him the
teach you' (referring to the 12 Imam who will reappear
teach                                                        and bring      him the
complete version according to the Shee'ah belief)3
completeversionaccording the Shee'ahbeliefi
                     scholars assure us that Prophet Mohammed (peae ttp@ Be Hin)
       The Muslim scholars assure us that Prophet Mohammed (peace Be Upoo Him)
       The
                     Qur'an its complete,cunent existingform orally and dtring
compiled the Holy Qur'an in its complete, current existing form orally and during
compiled the
the C'laph'ah   (leadership)       Bakr, a compilationwhich was written down
the C'laph'ah (leadership) of Abu Bakr, a compilation which was written down in
                 4
a single volume.
a singlevolume.a
                                 Othman, the language the               Qur'an was
       During the C'laph'ah of Othman, the language of the Holy Qur'an was
       During the C'laph'ah
                               5
standardized and universalized. The approved variations in reciting a few words of
standardized universalized.s approvedvariations reciting a
              and                The                                      words
the Holy Qur'an do not touch its basic meaning. 6
the Holy Qur'an do not touchits basicmeaning.6
      ALLAH says the             Qur'an'."Verily lile: It   We Who have sent down
      ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an:"Verily We: It is We Who have sent down
the Dhikr                  surely,lVe                  (from corruption)"1;"It isfor
the Dhikr (Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)"7;"It isfor
Us to collect and to give you (0 Mohammad (peace Be Upon Him)) the ability to recite it"
IIs to                        (O Mohamtnud (p.o". upon
                                                 s,      Him)                        it"
8; "Falsehood cannot come to itfrom before it or behind it (it is) sent down by
8; "Fahehood             come to itfrom before                       is) sent down by
the All-Wise Worthy ofall praise (ALLAH)".9
the Alt-Wise Worthy of all praise (ALL/lH)".e


t Al-Usool Minat-Kafi, vol 2p. 634,1961;seealsoZaheer,pp
1 Al-Usool Minal-Kafi, vol. . 2p. 634, 1961; see alsoZaheer, pp.   77-152.
                                                                   77-152.
2 Al-Usml Min al-kafi vol I,p.228, 1968.
2 Al-Usool Min al-kafi vol. . 1, p. 228, 1968.

t Al-Kafi Min al-Usool,vol 2, p. 633, I 96I alsoseeAl-Khateebp. I l.
3 Al-Kafi Min al-Usool, vol.. 2, p. 633, 1961;; also see Al-Khateeb p. 11.

o Al-Bukhari, vol. 6,pp. 477-8.
4 Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 477-8.

t
5 Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 478-80.
  Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 478-80.
uQattan, pp. 170-85.
6
  Qattan,pp. 17G85.
7 HolyQur'an: Chapter15verse9.
7 Holy Qur'an: Chapter 15 verse 9.

 t Holy qur'an:
8 Holy Qur'an:    Chapter 75 verse 17.
                  Chapter75 verse 17.
 e Holy
9 Holy Qur'an:    Chapter 41 verse 42.
                  Chapter 4l verse 42.
        Qu'an:

                                                          4
ALLAH had promised to preserve as a guidance Muslims everywhere
       ALLAH had promised to preserve it as a guidance for Muslims everywhere
and forever. This is contrastto the previous divine books wtrerein although their
and forever. This is in contrast to the previous divine books wherein although their
original forms are preserved
original forms are preserved with ALLAH, the ones in the hands of the followers
                                       ALLAH, the ones the hands the followers
   thesemessages distorted.
                    are
of these messages are distorted.
       The Muslim scholars udro consider the belief that the
       The Muslim scholars who consider the belief that the Holy Qur'an is   Qur'an is
                                                       1
adulterated a plain rejection the Islamicfaith.r
            is
adulterated is a plain rejection of the Islamic faith.
        Brothersand sisters,you can find out for yourselfthat the number verses
        Brothers and sisters, you can find out for yourself that the number of verses
    the       Qur'an is 6236 excludingthe
in the Holy Qur'an is 6236 excluding the "Bismillah" at the beginning of the Suras
                                                         at the beginning the Suras
(Chapter), but the Shee'ah Scholars claim that this
(Chapter), but the Shee'ah Scholars claim that this Holy Qur'an is not complete.
                                                               Qur'an is not complete.
Should we believe the Ja'fari Shee'ah source or the
Should we believe the Ja'fari Shee'ah source or the Almighty ALLAH and the
                                                                       ALLAH and the
Muslim Scholars?Perhaps some Shee'ah deny their
Muslim Scholars? Perhaps some Shee'ah deny their belief that the existing Holy
                                                                 that the eisting
Qur'an is not complete.           this denial could be shielding(Tuq'yah to lie to
Qur'an is not complete. But this denial could be shielding (Tuq'yah or to lie to
protectthe Shee'ahbelief).
protect the Shee'ah belief).




| Zaheer, p. 141-7.
I 7ahet,p. l4l-7.



                                          5
SU'N' AD OR HADEETH
Sar'*'o" oR HADEETH
        The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholarsconsiderSU'N'AH as what the prophet(peaeBe
         The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars consider SU'N'AH as what the prophet (peace Be
                              1
rrmHin)and the Imams said.l AL-Kafi by Kolayni, in Tabatabai'swords is "the
Upon Him) and the Imams said.   AL-Kafi by Kolayni, in Tabatabai's words is "the
most trustworthy and celebratedwork of HADEETH in the Shee'ahworld".2 In
most trustworthy and celebrated work ofHADEETH in the Shee'ah world".2 In
this source, the names of the transmittersof the HADEETH are not frequently
this source, the names of the transmitters of the HADEETH are not frequently
mentioned.Insteadof the "prophet said", you fin{" the Imam said". Many of these
mentioned. Instead of    "prophet said",       finc"   Imam said". Many of these
HADEETHs contradict the Holy Qur'an. The prominent criterion in validating
I{ADEETHs     contradict            Qur'an.        prominent criterion validating
HADEETH is actuallywhetherit supports, at least,doesnot negate Shee'ah
               actually whether it supports, or least, does      negate the Shee'ah
                       most trustworthy of the prophet's peaer.t6-rr-rtraditions are
schoolof thought.The most trustworthy of the prophot'S(Peace Be Upon Him) traditionsare
school of thought.
the ones received through the household of the prophet, i.e. the Shee'ah lmams,
the ones receivedthrough the household the prophet,i.e. the Shee'ahImams,
                                             of
even though an Imam could pass away while his child is only nine, eight or five
even though an Imam could pass away               his              nine, eight
years old.3 For example, F{ADEETHreported Ali andcompiledby SahihAl"
years old? For example, a HADEETH reported by Ali and compiled                Sahih AI..
Bukhari is rejected if it contradicts the Shee'ahconceptof TemporaryMarriage
Bukhari     rejected if    contradicts the Shee'ah concept Temporary Marriage
(Nikah Mut'ah), but if the HADEETH were supportiveof the Shee'ahschoolof
(Nikah                 if the             were supportive ofthe Shee'ah school
thought, would be accepted matter who said,transmitted, or compiled it. 4
thought,it would be accepted no matterwho said, transmitted, compiledit.a
                              no

      The Muslim scholars define SU'N'AH or HADEETH as the sayings of the
      The Muslim scholars define                     or HADEETH as the sayings the
Prophet (peae rtotn
               Be nim),      his deeds,tacit approvals the description his physical
Prophet (Pea"" Be Upon Him), his deeds, tacit approvals or the description of his physical
             s Basically, there are two ways ofHADEETH authentication. The first
appearance. Basically,there are two ways of HADEETH authentication.               The first
appearance.s
                                                           the transmitters.Therefore
is the "Isnad", which means the reliability of the transmitters. Therefore
is the "Isnad". which means the reliability
                    broken linkages betweentransmitters rejectedbecause
                                                             are
HADEETH with broken linkages between transmitters are rejected because therel
F{ADEETH                                                                            therel
is no way to find out how reliablethe transmitters Second,are.          thereis "Matn'',
is no way to find out how reliable the transmitters are. Second, there is "Matn",
which means content of the HADEETH; that is, whether or not contradictsthe
which means content          the HADEETH; that is, whetheror       not it contradicts the
teachings the Holy Qur'an, there is anotherversion the same
teachings of the Holy Qur'an, there is another version of the same HADEETH with      wtth
                                                                             6
a differentchain transmitters, whetherthereis a strongerIsnad,etc.6Basedon
a different chain of transmitters, or whether there is a stronger Isnad, etc. Based on
                                   or
these methodologies the strictness the compilerin choosinghis HADEETH,
these methodologies and the strictness of the compiler in choosing his HADEETH,
                    and                of
the Muslim scholarsaffirmedthat the compilationsof Al-Bukhari and the Muslims
the Muslim scholars affinned that the compilations of AI-Bukhari and the Muslims
 are the most trustworthy source of the SU'N'AH of the Prophet@eaeBetrptnuim;.7
are the most trustworthy source of the SU'N'AH of the Prophet (pea"" Be Upon Him/
While the Holy Qur'an was compiled in written form right after the deathof the
While the Holy Qur'an was compiled in written form right after the death of the


ItTabatabai , p. 93 and Constitution article 2.
  Tabatabai p. 93 and Constitutionarticle 2.
             ,
22Tabatabai,p.
  Tabatabai, p. 110.
                 lto.
33 Among other sources,             pp.
  Among other sources, Tabatabai, pp.94,2O7'8,and 210-1.
                       Tabatabai, 94,207-8, and 210-l
4o Tabatabai,p.94.
  Tabatabai, p. 94.
,t Azami, p.3.
   Azami, p.3.
66 Azami,pp.32-72.
  Azami, pp. 32-72.
7   tIbn Taymiyah, Fatawi, Vol. 18, p. 17, Azami p. 87-96.
                                                  p.
      lbn Taymiyah,Fatawi,Vol. 18,p. 17, Azailrlli 87-96.

                                                        6
prophet @"* Be Him), serious compilationof the HADEETH took place after
prophet (peace Be npdHim), the serious compilation of
                  Upoo                                           place after
                       l
almost 100 years.l There were many reasons this delay,the major one being
almost 100 years. There were many reasons for         delay, the  one being
that agreat proportion of F{ADEETH dealtwith detailedteachingswhich shouldbe
that a great proportion of HADEETH dealt         detailed teachings        should
practiced by a true Muslim in his daily life. The companionswere actually living
practiced        true                          The companions were actually
compilations ofHADEETH because they were representing propheticmanners
compilations of HADEETH because        they were representing the prophetic manners
                                                              the
themselves. Therefore, there seemedto be no urgent need for serious efforts
themselves. Therefore, there seemed                 urgent need       serious efforts
towards              compilation. Furthermore, somegreatCompanionswere of the
towards a written compilation. Furthermore,     some great Companions were of the
opinion that the teaching of Islam shouldbe focusedfirst in the Holy Qur'an so
opinion that the teaching of Islam should be focused             the       Qur'an so
that             well-established. This was to avoid what had happened previous
that it would be well-established. This was avoid          had happened to previous
Holy Books in which divine words were mixed up with propheticsayings.
       Books           divine words were mixed           prophetic sayings.
       So brothers and sisters, which definition of FIADEETH is more accurate,
       So brothers and sisters,        definition          HADEETH more accurate,
given the fact that ProphetMohammedreaeBeUpmrlim) sealof the Prophets?As
given the fact that Prophet Mohammed (Peace Be Upoo Him) is the seal the Prophets?
                                                         is the
God says in the Holy Qur'an'."Muhammad lreoceBeuponni4 thefother of any
God says         the     Qur'an: "Muhammad.(Peace Be Upon Him) is not thefather ofany
man among you, hut he is the Messengerof ALLAH and the last (end) of the
      among          but           Messenger ofALLAH                       (end) ofthe
prophets... ,,2.
prophets..."2. Only the Prophets and the messengers ALLAH can receive
                       the Prophets and the messengers of ALLAH can receive
revelationwhich is binding unto whom the messenger sent.When the Shee'ah
                                                          is
revelation which is binding unto whom the messenger is sent. When the Shee'ah
                                 the Imams the sayings the Prophet,they are
scholars equate the sayings of the Imams to the sayings of the Prophet, they are
scholars equate the sayings
claiming that the Imam also receivedrevelation.If thesescholars         claimthat the
claiming that the Imam also received revelation. If these scholars claim that the
Imams were only inspired, then the inspiration is a different story. It is not binding
Imams were        inspired,then the inspiration     differentstory.        not binding
to be followed to be enforced othersnor should be shared otherhuman  by
to be followed or to be enforced on others nor should it be shared by other human
                                  on
beings.
beings.




 t |'zarnip.2s.
1 Azami p.25.

2'Holy
  Holy   qur'an: Chapter33 verse40.
         Qur'an: Chapter 33 verse 40.

                                         7
IJMA' (CONSENSUS OR SEMI-CONSENSUS)
I"*o  (coNsENSUS 'EMr-.'NSENSUS)
                 oR
      Shee'ah scholars have a doublestandard         position conceming[jma'. On the
      Shee'ah scholars have a double standard position concerning Ijma'. On the
one hand, the Shee'ahscholarsemploy consensus supporttheir arguments,
one hand, the Shee'ah scholars employ consensus to support their arguments, e.g.
                                                        to                        e.g.
                     '... Both                                            'which were
Tabatabaiwrites                Sunniand Shee'ee    clearlyasserted...'
Tabatabai writes '... Both Sunni and Shee'ee clearly asserted.. .' and 'which were
                                                                     and
acclaimed all...'1And on the other,Ijma' is rejected Shee'ah
          by
acclaimed by all... ,1 And on the other, Ijma' is rejected by Shee'ah scholars who:
                                                           by         scholars who:

 l.Claim that thousands the Prophet's6r".*Berfuorrim)
 1. Claim that thousands of the Prophet's (peace Be Upon Him) companions had plotted
                                                              companionshadplotted
    against the Prophet's commandsand only less than ten
    against the Prophet's commands and only less than ten of them remained
                                                                       them remained
    truthful, therebytaking knowledgefrom theseagainstthe majority.
    truthful, thereby taking knowledge from these against the majority.
 2. Consider the millions Muslim scholars      throughoutthe Islamic history and the
 2. Consider the millions of Muslim scholars throughout the Islamic history and the
    globe as non-believers    because  they don't believein the I'ma'mah as an article
    globe as non-believers because they don't believe in the I'ma'mah as an article
    of faith, one which is basedon claimsrejectedby the majority.
    offaith, one which is based on claims rejected by the majority.
 3. Question the authenticity the          Qur'an and the HADEETHs authenticated
 3. Question the authenticity of the Holy Qur'an and the HADEETHs authenticated
        the majority including the interpretations  which gainedthe acknowledgment
    by the majority including the interpretations which gained the acknowledgment
       the same.
    of the same.
         Muslim scholars consider Ijma' as the third major source Islamic
        Muslim scholars consider Ijma' as the third major source of Islamic
teachings.    Whennothingis directlymentioned the Holy Qur'an or the
                                                  in
teachings. When nothing is directly mentioned in the Holy Qur'an or the SU'N'AH
about the case, then the Ijma' is considered as a valid source. 2 The most authentic
about the case,     thenthe Ijma' is considered a valid source.2 most authentic
                                               as                  The
text is the one reported a largegroup transmitters anotherlargegroup. This
                                                          to
text is the one reported by a large group of transmitters to another large group. This
is called "Tawatur".3 The mostvalid interpretation the SU'N'AH/FIADEETHS
is called "Tawatur".3 The most valid interpretation of the SU'N'AH/HADEETHS
is that which gains the approval Ijma'.4For
is that which gains the approval ofIjma'.4 For ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an:
                                 of                  saysin the Holy Qur'an:
                   of you together, the Rope of ALLAH (i.e.
"And holdfast, all ofyou together, to the Rope ofALLAH (i.e. this Qur'an), and
                                                                  Qur'an),
be not divided among yourselves"s. Condemning deviation, ALLAH, addressing
be     divided amongyourselves"5.     Condemning  deviation,ALLAH, addressing
                      rtoo
the Prophet ip".* Be rrim) referringto thosewho deviatedfrom the right path,
the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) and referring to those who deviated from the right path,
                                and
says: "Verily, those who divide their religion and break up into sects (all kinds of
says'.         those                                                    sects         of
religious sects), you (0 Muhammad (peace Be Upon Him)) have no concern in them in
religious sects),         (O                 TpeaceBenponni^)have concern them
the least Their affair is only with ALLAH, Who then will tell them what they
     leasl         affair                  ALLAH, lVho then will          them      they
used to do" 6. The Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) said: ''...stickto the Jama'ah (Majority)
used to do'6. The Proph€t 6reaenerp-n^1          said: ...stick to the Jama'ah (Majority)
and avoid division. Satan is with the onepersonalonebut is more likely to avoid
and avoid division. Satan is with the one person alone but is more likely to avoid
the two together, whosoever wants abundancein Paradiseshould stick to the
the     together, whosoever wants abundance         Paradise should stick      the


t Tabatabai, p. +0.
1 Tabatabai,    40.
'Ftawi,IbnTaymiahvol. 19 pp. 5-8,and 192-202.
2 Fatawi, Ibn Taymiah vol. 19 pp. 5-8, and lg2-22

'Al-Jazari,vol. 1, pp. 120-6.
3 Al-Jazari, vol. l, pp. 120-6.

o Fatawa,Ibn Taymiyah,vol. 19, pp. 267-72.
4 Fatawa,    Taymiyah, vol. 19,pp.267-72.
5 Holy qur'an: Chapter3 verse 103.
'Holy Qur'an: Chapter verse 103.
u Holy qur'an : Chapter6 verse 159.
6       Qur'an: Chapter verse 159.

                                                     8
Jama'ah...'.1Jama'ah and consensushere is referringto the majority of Muslim
Jama'ah.. .'.1 Jama'ah and consensus here referring                of
  scholars who are knowledgeable aboutthe commandments ALLAH. In another
  scholarsrarhoare knowledgeable     about the commandments of ALLAH. another
                                                                 of
  HADEETH, the Prophet @ecBcrlorrim) 'My Ummah will not have consensus
              the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) said: 'My Ummah will
                                              said:                    have consensus
. on what is wrong'.2The Prophetp*Be r&enin)also
     what                                                        '...MyUmmahwillbe
             wrong'.2 The Prophet (peace Be UponHim) also said:' ...My Ummah will be
                                                           said:
divided into seventy three groups. Only one of them shall be savedand the rest
divided       seventy three groups.         one of them shall    saved and the rest
shall be in hellfire'. When he was askedwhich group is to be saved,he responded:
shall                       he was asked        group         saved, he responded:
'The followers of my path and my Companions'.[n anotherversionof the same
'The followers of        path and      Companions'. In another version of the same
HADEETH      he responded: 'They arethe Jama'ah'.3
HADEETH he responded:       'They are the Jama'ah,.3

       Brothers and sisters, don't you think that consistency one of the crucial
       Brothers and sisters,                     that consistency is one of the crucial
             any       measurement and
                                     and           an objective argument? Don't you
elementsof any valid measurement a tool of an objectiveargument?
elements                                                                           you
think it is suspicious a personemploysan argumentwhen it supportshis biases
             suspicious if person employs an argument when supports his biases
                        if
and rejects the same once refutes them?               about        us assume that you
and rejects the same onceit refutesthem?Think aboutit. Let us assume          that you
as Muslims want to know which path leadsto paradise. group of peopleyou
as Muslims want                       path leads paradise. A group people
don't know anything about claimed that they know which path leads to it.
                anything about claimed that they             which path leads
However, one among this group gave you a direction which contradicts the
However, one among this group gave you a direction which contradicts the
directions of the rest of the group, numbering no less than eleven people.Both
directions     the rest     the group, numbering no lessthan elevenpeople. Both
              seemed be equally reasonable, which direction should you now
descriptions seemed to be equally reasonable,
descriptions                                        which directionshouldyou now
follow? What if you came to know that if you do not know this person'sdirection
follow? What if        came           that if you do not       this person's direction
    if you disagree        him he        hateyou, but the otherswon't? For ALLAH
or if you disagree with him he will hate you, but the others won't? For ALLAH
says in the Holy Qur'an:" there is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right
says     the         Qur'an: " there       compulsion religion. Verily, the
Path has become distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut
Path       become             from                    l(hoever dkbelieves Taghut
                                       the        God 'ALLAH")
(anything worshipped other than the Real God "ALLAH'~ and believes in     believes
ALLAH, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never
ALLAH, then               grasped       most                                 will
break and ALLAH is all-Hearer, all Knower" 4.
breah      ALL,AH h all-Hearer,        Knower"4.

                                  think about as a basic rule. Thereare three
      Brothers and Sisters, just think about it as a basic rule. There are three
      Brothers and Sisters,
categories issuesupon which scholars differ and they are as follows:
categories of issues upon which scholars differ and they are as follows:
                   had confrrmed as the right one but had not definitelyrejected
1. The Majority had confirmed it as the right one but had not definitely rejected it
 1.The
   as wrong.
    aswrong.
                                             as the right one buthadnotdefinitely
2. The majority had not approved of it as the right one but had not definitely
2.The majority had not approved
   rejected it as wrong either.
   rejected as wrong either.
 3. The Majority had rejected as definitelywrong.
3. The Majority had rejected it as definitely wrong.
       The crucial differencesbetween the Muslim and the Shee'ahscholarsare
       The crucial differences between the Muslim and the Shee'ah scholars are
contained in the last category.
contained the last category.
           in




I
 t Al-Jazari, vol. 6, p. 669.
   Al-Jazari,vol. 6, p. 669.
 2 Bale€qp. 5,14.
2 Baleeq p. 544.

3
 ' Ibn Taymiyah. Minhaj, vol. 2. pp. 122-5.
   Ibn Taymiyalr. Minhaj, vol. 2. p. 122-5
 oHoly Qur'an: Chapter 2 verse 256.
4 Holy qu'an:    ChaPer 2verse256.

                                              9
                                              9
Brothers and sisters, remember that there is a great deal of difference
       Brothers and sisters, remember that there is a great deal of difference
 between the 'majority of Muslims' which is not a sufficient evidence and the
between the 'majority of Muslims' wtrich is not a sufficient evidenceand the
'majority of Muslims scholars'wtrich is uitratis meanthereby Ijma'
 'majority of Muslims scholars' which is what is meant here by Ijma'
       Our Dears let us remembqr that ALLAH had wamed us against deviating
       Our Dears let us remember that ALLAH had warned us against deviating
 from His straight path. He says in the Holy Qur'an: "And verily, this is my
from   His straight path. He says in the Holy Qur'an: "And verily, this is my
Staight Path, so follow it, and follow not (other) paths,for they will seporute
 Straight Path, so follow     and follow not (other) paths,for they will separate
you awayfrom Hispath. This He has ordainedfor you thatyou may becomeAl'
you away from        path.     He     ordainedfor you that you may become Al-
 Muttaqun (the pious)".
Muttaqun (thepious )".11




1 IHoly Qur'an:
    Hoty qr'an:   Chapter 66 verse 153.
                   ChaFer verse 153.

                                          10 0
                                           1
~TICLES OF FAITH AND PILLARS OF ISLAM
   TICLES OF EAITH AND       OF'ISLAM
       The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars say that believing
      The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars say that believing in a hereditary system of
                                                         a hereditary system
leadership the whole Muslim Ummah(I'ma'mah) is as fundamental
leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah (I'ma'mah) is as fundamental as
                                                                   as
believing in one God. l To them, I'ma'mah is an article offaith and a pillar of
believing in one God.l To them, I'ma'mah is an article offaithandapillarof
Islam. 2 . In addition, among the articles referred to in the constitution and the other
Islam.2 tn additioq amongthe articlesreferredto the constitutionand the other
Shee'ah sources, there is no mention
Shee'ah sources, there is no mention of believing in the angels or divine
                                        believing    the angels or divine
destiny(Al-Qader).
destiny(Al-Qader).
       Muslim scholars affirm that thereis no suchthing as I'ma'mah, an alleged
      Muslim scholars affirm that there is no such thing as I'ma'mah, an alleged
hereditary system of leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah in Islam. There are
hereditary system leadership the whole Muslim Ummah Islam. Thereare
evidences the         Qur'an and the reliableSU'N'AH that evenrefute.and
evidences in the Holy Qur'an and the reliable SU'N'AH that even refute.and reject
                                                                                reject
this concept. ln the
this concept. In the Holy Qur'an, ALLAH says: "... and who (conduct) their
                           Qur'an,  ALLAH says: "...and who (conduct)
(Muslim) alfairs by mutuat consultation..'tr and the Prophet{peeBetloHin)was
(Muslim) affairs by mutual consultation... '''' and the Prophet<Peace Be qxm Him) was
commanded:
commanded: "... and consult them in the affairs... ".4
           "..,andconsultthem the affiirs...".a

       The Muslim scholarsbelievethat Islam is         on five pillars: Testifuingthat
       The Muslim scholars believe that Islam is built on five pillars: Testifying that
there is no God but ALLAH and Mohammad is His messenger, performing
there  is no God       ALLAH and Mohammad is His messenger,performing
prayers, paylng charity, fasting
prayers, paying charity, fasting in the month of Ramadan and making the
                                        the month        Ramadan and making the
                                          5
pilgrimage     the house
pilgrimage to the house of ALLAH. Furthermore, they believe that the
                                ALLAH.s Furthermore, they believe that the
fundamentalarticles       Iman are: To believe ALLAH, His Angles, His Books,
fundamental articles of Iman are: To believe in ALLAH, His Angles, His Books,
His Messengers,the last Day and to believe divine destiny,both the good and
His Messengers, the last Day and to believe in divine destiny, both the good and
the evil thereof. 6 If you read the whole Holy Qur'an you will not find any support
the       thereof.6 If     readthe whole       Qur'an          not      any support
    the  'I'ma'mah
                     concept', the alleged hereditary system
for the 'I'ma'mah concept', the alleged hereditary system of leadership of the
                                                                   leadership the
qiholeMuslim Ummah.
whole  Muslim Ummah.
       Brothers and sisters,shouldwe believethe majority
       Brothers and sisters, should we believe the majority of Muslim scholars who
                                                                       scholars who
are supported clearly
are supported clearly by the Holy Qur'an verses and reliable HADEETHs, or the
                            the      Qur'an versesand reliableFIADEETHs, the
      Shee'ahscholarswhoseopinionsare
few Shee'ah scholars whose opinions are not sanctioned by the Holy Qur'an or the
                                              sanctioned the           Qur'an the
reliable I{ADEETHs? Make surethat our sole intentionis pleaseALLAH only
reliable HADEETHs? Make sure that our sole intention is to please ALLAH only
and          truth
and to find truth for our salvation in this world and in the hereafter. Let us,
                       our salvation this world and           the hereafter.     us,
rememberthat ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: "0 you who believe! Believein
remember that ALLAH says the               Qur'an: "0            believe! Believe
ALLAH,          flis Messenger (Muhammad(p~..u B~ Upon Him)),
ALIllH, and His Messenger (Muhammad(p*",Be Him)t and the Booh (the
                                                     upon                 Book

I Constitution Article 2 and Asifi. pp.23-5
1 Constitution Article       Asifi.. W.23-5
2Al-Kafvol. 1 p. 290.
2 Al-Kafi vol. 1p.290.

t Holy qur'an: Chapter42 verse38.
3      Qur'an: Chapter    verse 38.
o Holy qr'an: Chapter 3 verse 159.
4      Qur'an: Chapter verse 159.
r Bukhari
,          and Muslim - Forty Hadeeths,p. 35.
               Muslim -       Hadeeths, p. 35.
t Muslim -Forty Hadeeths,p. 30.
6         -Forty Hadeeths, 30.

                                                 11
                                                 ll
Qur'an) which He has sent down to His Messenger, and the Scripture which He
Qur'an) which                         Messenger,          Scripture which
sent dmtn to those before (him), and whosover disbelieves in ALL'AH, His
     down                         and            disbelieves in ALLAH,
Angek, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then indeed he has
Angels,            His Messengers, and       Last
strayedfar away"l.
strayedfar a74tay"1.




1t Holy Qur'an: chapter 4 verse 136.
   Holy Qur'an: chapter4 verse136

                                       t2
                                       12
S"""'AH AH .'NCEPT oF I'M.{MAH
SHEE'      CONCEPT OF I'MA'MAH
       The Shee'ahscholarsbelieve that the Immateconceptis an articleof faith
       The Shee'ah scholars believe that the Immate concept is an article offaith
equal to believing in one God. I'ma'mah concept meansthat the spiritual, religious,
equalto believingin one God. I'ma'mahconceptmeans that the spiritual,religious,
educational and political leadershipof the whole Muslim Ummahis a matterof
educationaland political leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah is matter of
inheritance confined only twelveImams.Thesearethe husband the youngest
inheritance confined to       twelve Imams. These are the husband of the youngest
                                                                   of
daughter of the Prophet (Peace BeUpon Him), Fatima, her two sons and some of the
daughter of the Prophet (peae uptnHim),Fatima, her twO sons and sOme of the
                               Be

descendants of her second sons.Husain,
              of                                was married the Persian emperor's
descendants her secondsons, Husain,who was marriedto the Persian        emperor's
          1
daughter.
daughter.r
        This religious and political leadership couldbe inherited a nine,eightor
        This religious and politicalleadership  could be inherited by nine, eight
five year-old boy? For example, the constitution of the Republic Ir~n states that:
five year-oldboy.2For example, constitution the Republicof Iran states
                                  the                                           that:
 ... the official religion of Iran is the Ja'fari Eth'nai Ashri and this article is
  ... the official religion   Iran is the Ja'fari Eth 'nai Ashri and this article is
unchangeable forever'.3
unchangeable     forever,3

                  all, this belief is bound with the belief that these Imamsare infallible 4
         First of all, this beliefis boundwith the beliefthatthese
         First                                                         Imams areinfalliblea
and share
and share with     ALLAH the power of knowing the unseenincluding the
                   ALLAH the power           knowing the unseen including the
                                           5
                                             They believe that obedience these
                                                                        to
knowledge as to when the Imams would die. They believethat obedience to these
knowledge as to when the Imamswould die.5
                                - 'eventhe worship of God becomes   unnecessary
Imams should be unquestionable'even the worship God becomes unnecessary
Imams shouldbe unquestionable -
                                                            ' We cannot imagine
if this is the Imam's order,6 In Khomeini's words, it says' We cannot   imagine
   this is the Imam's order'.6In Khomeini's  words, says.
                                         Also the I'ma'mahts interwoven
that the Imams can make mistake,7 Also the I'ma'mah is interwoven with the
that the Imams can make mistake'.7                                           with the
              'the spiritual status the Imam is universalviceregency is a
belief that 'the spiritual status of the Imam is universal viceregency. It is a
belief that
viceregencypertainingto the whole creation, virtue which all atomsin the
                                                 by
viceregency pertaining to the whole creation, by virtue of which all atoms in the
universehumble themselves       before the holder    this authority. is one the
universe humble themselves before the holder of this authority. It is one of the
essential beliefs our Shee'ah     schoolthat no onecan attainthe spiritualstatus
essential beliefs of our Shee'ah school that no one can attain the spiritual status of
the Imams, not even the angels of the highest rank or messengers of ALLAH'. 8 On
the Imams,not eventhe angels the highestrank or messengers ALLAH'.8 On
the other hand, the concept is inherent in the Shee'ahbelief that all Muslim
the other hand, the concept is inherent in the Shee' ah belief that all Muslim
Ca'lee'phahs(leaders the whole Muslim nation),rulersandjudgesaretaghoots
Ca'lee'phahs (leaders of the whole Muslim nation), rulers and judges are taghoots



1'Tabatabai,pp.
  Tabatabai,pp. 190-211I &
                190-21 &              pp.
                              Hassan, pp. 230-1.
                              Hassan, 230-1.
 ' Tabatabai, pp. 205, 7, 10.
2 Tabatabai,   pp. 205, 7, 10.
 3
3 Constitution Article 12.
   ConstitutionArticle 12.
4o e.g..Asifi,pp. 23-25, Constitution, Article 2.
  e.g.. Asifi, pp.23-25, Constitution, Article 2.
 'Al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 206-62.
5  Al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 206-62
6u Islamicgreat Libraryp. 6.
  Islamic great Library p. 6.
7? Khomeini, Arabicp. 91.
  Khomeini, Arabic p. 91.
88 Khomeini, p.64.
  Khomeini, p. 64.

                                                     t3
                                                    13
(evil ones) if they are not Shee'ah or of the twelve Imams.l Therefore the
(evil ones) if they are not Shee'ah or of the twelve Imams. I Therefore the
constitution of Iran made surethat only an Ithna Ashari Ja'afai Shee'ahcanbe
constitution of Iran made sure that only an Ithna Ashari Ja'afari Shee'ah can be
president.2  and the 'nationallegislative
president. 2 and the 'national legislative council shall not enact laws that contradict
                                           councilshallnot enactlaws that contradict
the principles and jurisprudence of the offrcial sect of the state'.3 The twelfth
the principles and jurisprudence of the official sect of the state,.3 The twelfth
 Shee'ahImam is believedto have been born in 868A.D. and is still alive(now
Shee'ah Imam is believed to have been born in 868 A.D. and is still alive (now
even after eleven centuries)but disappeared  when he was 5 yearsold. He
even after eleven centuries) but disappeared when he was 5 years old. He will
 reappearand the current Republic      Iran
reappear and the current Republic of Iran will be dissolved for him to take the
                                               be dissolvedfor him to take the
leadership.a
leadership.4

        The Muslim scholars        regardmonarchy    questionable    whereonly the political
        The Muslim scholars regard monarchy questionable where only the political
power is inherited. Therefore, they reject completely any form monarchyin
power is inherited. Therefore, they reject completely any form of monarchy in
which even the religious and the spiritualleadership inherited,
which even the religious and the spiritual leadership is inherited, unless there is
                                                                  is          unlessthereis
clear evidence the Holy Qur'an or the reliable
                  in                                                    the prophotlreaaner6,n
clear evidence in the Holy Qur'an or the reliable SU'N'AH of the prophetcPeaceBeUpoll
ni-r that supportsthis claim. Not only rs there no such evidence,but alsothe
Him) that supports this claim. Not only is there no such evidence, but also the

concept I'ma'mah contradictsthe principle the consultatron
concept of l'ma'mah contradicts the principle of the consultatIOn emphasized by
                                                                             emphasized  by
the Holy Qur'an.                 commanding Prophet,
                                               the
the Holy Qur'an. ALLAH, commanding the Prophet, says: ,·      says:".......andconsultthem
                                                                          and consult them
     affairs.........'6, praisingthe believers
in affairs......... '05, and praising the believers says: " ....... and who (conduct) their
                         and                        says: .......and who (conduct)their
        by
affairs by mutual consultation....... ".6
                  consultation.           tt   o




       The Muslim scholars alsoaffirm that complete
       The Muslim scholars also affirm that complete infallibility is an attribute of
                                                         infallibility is an attribute
          alone and no creatureshares with Him. Eventhe infallibility the
ALLAH alone and no creature shares it with Him. Even the infallibility of the
prophetsis limitedto conveytng      therrmessages truly and avoidingcardinalsins
prophets is limited to conveymg theIr messages truly and in avoiding cardinal sins
or disobedience  to               For example,
or disobedience to ALLAH. For example, ALLAH addressing the Prophet says:
                                                        addressing Prophet
                                                                     the            says:
       Proph€tp"o"" Upon llim) ftowned and turned away because a blind man came
"The Prophetweace Be triml
                   Be upon frowned                 away because              man came
to      (interrupting)".7 The Holv Qur'an assures that eventhe best creature
to him (interrupting)". 7 The Holy Qur'an assures us that even the bestcreature on
                                                    us                                on
earth does not share with ALLAH the attributes of infallibility. Concerning the
earth does not sharewith                the attributesof infallibility. Concemingthe
knowledge the unseen,
knowledge of the unseen, ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: "I (Mohammad (Peace Be
                                     says the Holy Qur'an: "I (MohamntodTeeacene
upmH;mJ) have no power over ony good or harm to my self except as God
Upon Hin)                          any                          self except
                 if I
(ALLAH) wills, if I had knowledgeof the unseen,I should have multiplied all
                              knowledge ofthe unseen, I           have
good, und no evil should have touchedme...'r. Muslim scholars
good, and           should have touched me... ,,s. Muslim scholars consider
                                                                         consider those
                                                                                   those
who believethat somehumanbeingsarebetterthanthe messengers ALLAH as
who believe that some human beings are better than the messengers of ALLAH as

'1 Khomeini,pp.92-1.
   Khomeini, pp. 92-3.
2 ConstitutionArct. I 15.
2 Constitution Aret. 115.

3 Constitution Acft.72.
3 Constitution Aert. 72.

4 ConstitutionArct. 5.
4 Constitution Aret.

'Holy qur'an: Chapter verse159.
5 Holy Qur'an: Chapter 3 verse 159.

u Holy qur'an:
6      Qur'an: Chapter 42 verse38.
                Chapter verse 38.
t Holy qur'an:
               Chapter 80verses1-10.
7 Holy qur'an: Chapter   80 verses l-10
t Holy qur'an:
8 Holy Qur'an: Chapter7 verse I 88.
                Chapter 7 verse 188.

                                                   t4
                                                   14
kaferon (unbelievers),1 alone those who claim that somecreaturesshare with
kaferon (unbelievers), I let alone those claim     some creatures share
ALLAH His unique attributes or that obedienceto these creaturesis more
ALLAH         unique attributes          obedience       these creatures      more
                                                             th
importantthanto the Creator.The concept the still alive 12ftShee'ahImam
important than the Creator. The concept of the still alive 12 Shee'ah   Imam is a
myth which should not bp believed, alonebuild a whole systemof an Islamic
myth which should      be believed, let alone build whole system of an Islamic
government on Al-tabari assured us that the 11 th Imam had
goverrrment it. Al-tabariassured that the 11ft Imamhad no offspring'sat all. 2
                                us                              offspring's at all.z

      There are very few HADEETHs compiledby Termithy and Abu Dawood
      There are very         HADEETHs compiled            Termithy and           Dawood
mentioning the appearanceof Al-Mahdi among the signs of the Day of
mentioning the appearance           AI-Mahdi among the signs                 the Day
Resurrection. These HADEETHs say that he will have a name similar to the
Resurrection.  These HADEETHs say that he               have      name similar        the
Prophet's(Mohammad(p",*r+up,-
Prophet's (Mohammad (Peace Be Up,m Hi-y)andhis father'snamewill be similarto the
                                    Him») and his father's name          be similar the
Prophet's  father (Abdullah), not Hassan the 11 th Imam's name. He
Prophet's father(Abdullah),not Hassan l lth Imam'sname.He will be from the
                                          the                                 be from the
descendants the first grandson of the Prophet 1p""* rhtn but not from the
descendants of the        grandson       the Prophet (Peace ireUpon Him) not from the
                                                            Be      Him)
                              i Furthermore, thereis no evidence
                                              there is no evidence that sucha person
secondgrandson's progeny Furthermore,
second grandson's progeny3                                            that such a person
will live twelvecenturies.
wrll live twelve centuries.
      Brothersand Sisters. Shee'ah
      Brothers and Sisters, the Shee'ah scholars
                                   the                   consider the I'ma'mah concept as
                                                scholars consider I'ma'mahconcept
                                                                   the                    as
an article      faith equalto believing in                That is, if you don't believe this,
an article of faith equal to believing ALLAH. That is, if you don't believe this,
then their definitionyou couldbe a Kafer (unbeliever),             God forbid. On the other
then by their definition you could be a Kafer (unbeliever), God forbid. On the other
hand, if you believesuch with all its implications and dimensions you could be a
hand,      you believe suchwith all its implications drmensions couldbe a
                                                            and              you
Kafer by the definrtron the scholars
Kafer by the defimtIOn                            whose  loyalty is only to ALLAH andthe
                               of the scholars whose loyalty is only to ALLAH and the
Prophet (peaeBerrprnHimr,a special
                             not for           dynastyor race.Make surethat you choose
Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him), not for a special dynasty or race. Make sure that you choose
the nght pathto paradise
the nght path to paradise




 t Al-Tahawi,p. 557.
1 AI-Tahawi, p. 557.

2 lbn Taymiyah,Minhaj vol.l
2 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj vol. I   P. 37.
                                 P. 37.
 t Ibn AI-Atheer, vol. 10, pp. 330-2.
3 Ibn Al-Atheer, vol. 10, pp.330-2.


                                            l5
                                            15
FAMILY oF THE pRopHET eo""n.uponrnm)
    F*rLy  OF THE PROPHET (peaceBeUponIDm)
       The Ja'fari Shee'ahscholarsconfine"Family of the prophet(pea€B€rbmHim)"
       The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars confme                the prophet (Peace Be Upon Himj" to
                                             Be Upon Him), Fatima , his cousin Ali -
the youngest daughter of the Prophet (peae rrpd
the youngest daughter of the Prophet (pea"" Be Him),        Fatima, his cousin Ali-
husband of Fatima, the first grandsonand the secondgrandson(who marriedthe
husband of Fatima, the         grandson and the second grandson               married the
last Iranian emperor's daughter, then Shahrbanoo) and the eight descendants of the
                                                    and
last kanian emperor'sdaughter,then Shahrbanoo) the eight descendants the              of
second gtandsonfrom his Persian           1                   'lt is one of the essential
secondgrandson from his Persian wife.l Khomeinisaid: 'It is one the essential
                                     wife. Khomeini said:
beliefs of Shee'ah school that no one can attainthe spiritual status of Imam (Ali
beliefs    Shee'ah school that no one can attain the spiritualstatusofImam
and his descendants), not even the close angels or the prophets who are also
and his descendants), not even the close angels       the prophets        are also
messengers of God'2. Shee'ahscholarsbelieve that the leadership of the whole
messengers God,2. Shee'ah scholars believe that the leadership the whole
Muslim Ummah is confined only to the twelve Imams.Thereforethey neglectthe
        Ummah          confinedonly the twelve Imams. Therefore they neglect the
accomplishments     and the virtues         cast cardinal accusations againstthe rest of
accomplishments and the virtuesof or castcardinalaccusations          against the rest
the prophet's 1p""o upm family and Companions, unlessthey are provento the
the prophet's (Peace Be Him)
                     Be Upon Him) family and Companions,   unless they are proven the
Shee'ah scholars to have demonstrated
Shee'ah scholars                                                    (This can be further
                         have demonstrated strong support to Ali. (This can be further
                                              strongsupport
                                                 sources Islamichrstory, for example
corroborated by reading any of the Shee'ah sources in Islamic hIstOry, for example
corroborated readingany the Shee'ah
Tabatabai, Ali Shariati, Ibn Abi al-hadid, etc.).
Tabatabai, Shariati,
           AIi            Ibn       al-hadid,etc.).
                                            "Ahl-al        the family the Prophet    (peaeB€
          The Muslim scholars consider "Ahl-al Bait" the family of the Prophet (Pea""Be
          The Muslim scholars      consider
Upon Him)  as
            as       his relatives who cannotreceivecharity.This includesthe Prophet
r}q Him) all his relatives who cannot receive charity. This includes the Prophet
@ee    Be Him),
          rtom                  Abbas and their posterity,3 wrves the Prophet@eaeBe
(peace Be Upon Him), Ali, Aqil, Abbas and their posterity,3 the wives of the Prophet (pea""Be
                                                            the
Upon Him) are members of his family, ALLAH Says in the Holy Qur'an: "And stay in
rlo rrim) members his family, ALLAH Says the
          are                                                   Qur'an:     stay
yoar houses and do not display yourselveslike that ofthe times ofignorance,
your houses         do       display yourselves            ofthe times
and perform regular prayers (As-Salat), and give charity (Zakat) , and obey
      perform                     (As-Salat),                      (Zakat)    obey
ALLAH and his Messenger. ALLAH wishes only to remove Ar-Rijs ( evil deeds
ALI-/IH            Messenger.ALLAH wishes                removeAr-Rijs       deeds
and sin, ect) fromyou, 0 members ofthefamity ofthe Prophet (peace Be Upon Him)"
       sin, ecl) from you, O membersof thefamily of the Prophet @eaceBerJpon*im)ee
and to purfu you with a thorough purification.'4, not only that, but all the
          purify              thorough purification. ,,4, not only that, but all the
Prophet'swives are the mothers the believers,     ALLAH Saysin the
Prophet's wives are the mothers of the believers, ALLAH Says in the Holy Qur'an:
                                                                         Qur'an:
" The Prophet is closer to the believers than their ownselves, and his wives are
" The Prophet       closer the believersthan         ownselves,         wives are
their (believers~ mothers (as regards respect and marriage)....... ,,5.
      (believers') mothers (as regards respect     marriage)

       The majority      the Muslim scholars   consider     thosewho believethat some
       The majority of the Muslim scholars consider those who believe that some
                                                         (unbeliever).     Muslim scholars
human beings are better than the Prophets as Kafir (unbeliever). Muslim scholars
human beings are betterthan the Prophets      as
hold respect the whole family the Prophet
             for                                 (peaaBerlmnim;      in general.
hold respect for the whole family of the Prophet (Pea"" Be Upon Him) in general.



t Ash-Sheerazee pp. 13-19.
I               pp.
  Ash-sheerazee l3-19.
2Khomeni, translation, Algar, p. 64 & PSG p. 25.
2 Khomeni,translation,Algar, p 64 PSGp. 25
3Muslim, vol. 2, pp. 517-21 & vol. 4, pp. 1286-7.
3 Muslim, vol. 2,p.  517-21& vol. 4, pp. 1286-7
o Holy
       Qur'an: chapter33 verse33.
4 Holy Qur'an: chapter 33 verse 33.

t
S   Holy qur'an: chaper 33 verse6.
    Holy Qur'an: chapter 33 verse 6.

                                                    16
                                                    l6
The Prophet rp* BcUpm Hin),in a HADEETH reported by Muslimt1 while
            Prophet (Peaao Be rl' Him), HADEETH reported    Muslim
commandingMuslims to stick to the Holy Qur'an as a sourceof.guidance,
commanding Muslims                   the           Qur'an as source ofguidance, also also
asked them to be kind to his family. Muslim scholarsalso preserved high status
asked them                     family.             scholars also preserved a high status
        the Companions of the Prophet {Peaao Be Upm Him), the chosen soldiers ofIslam. 2
for all the Companions the Prophet@wBcrlorrim), chosensoldiersof Islam.2
                       of                                 the

      Brothers and Sisters, being Muslims, could we really neglect the other
      Brothers and Sisters, being Muslims, could                    really neglect the other
daughters the Prophet@eeBcrloHin), relativesand their descendants
daughters of the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him), his relatives and
          of                                                          descendants who were   were
excellent                          confine the               the Prophet<Peace Be Upm Him) to just
excellent muslims? Could we confinethe family of the Prophetrp**B€r&aHim)
          muslims? Could                                                                      just
        ones as selected by Shee'ah Scholars? Could we really love only a few and
a few onesas selected Shee'ahScholars?                  Could     really love                  and
curse the other tens of thousandsof the early generation Islam?What about
curse the other tens of thousands               the early generation of Islam? What about
                                                                        of
Othman,who was marriedto the two daughters the Prophetrp**B€rD@Hin)had
Othman,        was married the               daughters of the Prophet<Peace Be Upon Him) and had
                                                         of                              and
a son from one of them? What about the descendants Hassan , the eldest
a son from one       them? What about the descendants of Hassan, the eldest
grandson of the Prophet (pcae q* ni-i? Don't you think Ali and his pious
grandson       the Prophet (peace Be Him)?
                                        Be Upm                             Ali and his pious
descendants would be among the fust to condemntheseconcepts the Shee'ah
descendants          be among the first condemn these concepts of the Shee' ah
scholars?
scholars?




 t Muslim, vol. 4,p.
1 Muslim, vol. 4, p.   12879.
                       12879.
2 The Virhres of the Companions,in Al-Bukhari&Muslim.
2 The Virtues of the Companions, in Al-Bukhari&Muslim.


                                                   17
                                                   l7
COMPANIONS oF THE PR.PHET (PBUH)
C'MPANI'NS OF     PROPHET (PBUH)
      The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars claim that the first and the secondguided
      The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars claim         the fIrst and the second guided
Ca'lee'phahs, Abu Bakr and Omar plotted againstIslam and tried to eliminatethe
Ca'lee'phahs,            and Omar plotted against Islam and                 eliminate the
HADEETH so that they could interpretthe Holy Qur'an such
            so     they could interpret the                 in such a way as to serve
                                                                               as serve
their purposes. The Shee'ah scholars also claim that the three first guided
their purposes. The Shee'ah scholars also claim                 the three fIrst guided
Ca'lee'phahs 'Broke
Ca'lee'phahs 'Broke their covenantwith the prophet(peaeBetbmHin)changedhis
                          covenant       the prophet (Peace Be Upoo Him) and changed
                                                                         and
SU'N'AH'.I They divide the thousandsof the Prophet'scompanions into three
SU'N'AH,.I They divide the thousands          the Prophet's companions three    into
categories; 2
categories,2

    1. The Companions
    l. The Companions whom the Shee'ah   scholars like, who are lessthan ten.
                        whom the Shee'ah scholars like, who are less than ten.
    2. The worst elements (among these was Abdullah bin Omar who reported
    2. The worst elements (among these was Abdullah            Omar          reported
       numerous true HADEETHs).
       numerous true HADEETHs).
    3. Those who sold their Honors (amongthesewere Abu Hurayra,Abu Darda and
    3. Those      sold their Honors (among these were      Hurayra,        Darda and
       Abu Musal-Ashaari. All reported many true HADEETHs).
           Musal-Ashaari. reported     manytrue HADEETHs).
       One     the official newspapers  then, after describingthe Prophet(peaeBeL[m
       One of the official newspapers then, after describing the Prophet (Peace Be Upoo
Him) as having singled out his son-in-law unjustly with special parts of the Islamic
Hin)as having singled out his son-in-lawunjustly             specialparts the Islamic
Message, assures   that "most the Prophet's     (peaeBeLpruHim)  generation not have
                                                                            did
Message, assures that "most of the Prophet's (Peace Be Upon Him) generation did not have
                          the religious issues that the prophet (peae up.-ni-;
                                                                           B€
a clear picture even of the religious issues that the prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) had
a clear picture even                                                                 had
practiced hundreds of times before their eyes and within reach of their hearing. 3
practicedhundreds times before their eyesand within reach their hearing.s
Specifically, a Shee'ah scholar mentions ''... Abdul Rahman Ibn Ouf, a worshipper
Specifically, a Shee'ah  scholar  mentions ... Abdul Rahman Ouf, a worshipper
                                                                  Ibn
                                                    Khalid Ibn Walid; and SaiedIbn
of money; the aristocrat, Othman; the careless Khalid Ibn Walid; and Saied Ibn
    money; the aristocrat,Othman; the careless
                                4
Vaqas,as a manwithoutpiety'.0
Vaqas, as a man without piety' .

       The Muslim scholarssay that the greatcompanions trustworthy and are
                                                           are
       The Muslim scholars say that the great companions are trustworthy and are
reliable sources - all of them deserve high respect. 5 ALLAH has praIsed the great
reliable sources all them deserve      high respect.s        haspratsed great
                                                                         the
                                                                           6
                            Qur'an saying: "You are the best of peoples" "The
Companions in the Holy Qur'an saying: "You are the best ofpeoples" 6 "The
Companionsin the
              Islam), the Jirst whoforsooktheir homes (Al-Muhaiirin) andof
Vanguard (of Islam), the first who forsook their homes (AI-Muhajirin) and of
 Vanguard
those who gave them     (Al-Ansar) and also whofollow them           good deeds.
those who gave them aid (AI-Ansar) and also who follow them in all good deeds.
ALLAH" is pleased with them as they are with Him. For them He prepared
ALI"/IH    pleased       them as they                           them
gardens under which riversflow to dwelt thereinforever".T "Mohammed is the
gardens under which rivers flow to dwell therein forever". 7;; "Mohammed is the

t Al-Askari, 3+s.
             p.
1 Al-Askari, p. 34-8.

t The Ministry of Islamic Guidancein lran, pp. 28-30.
2 The Ministry of Islamic Guidance in Iran, pp. 28-30.

'Al-Jehad,No. 56
3 Al-Jehad, No. 56

4Shariati, p. 207
4  shadati, p. 207
5 Ibn Taymiyah, vot. I p. 307
3 Ibn Tayrniyah, vol. I p. 307

6 Holy qur'an:
6 Holy Qur'an:    cp.apter 3 verse IIlo
                  clrapter3 versel 0
t Holy Qur'an: chapter 9 verse I 00
7 Holy qur'an: chapter9 versel00

                                                          t8
                                                         18
Apostle of      and               with                             and
Apostle of God and those who are with each other. You see them bow ond
prostrate themselves (in prayu) seehing grace from God and (His) good
prostrate themselves     prayer) seeking       from     and       good
                                                                                         1

      In a reliable HADEETH the Prophets** B€ Hin)said: 'The best of my
            reliable              the Prophe1:(peace Be upm
                                                        Upoo Him) said: 'The best of
followers are those             century'.2
followers are thoseliving in my century'.2

      The              scholars have       doubt that the Prophet (Pe;lce Be Upoo Him) conveyed
      The Muslim scholarshaveno doubt that the ProphetGeaeBcrbcorrim)                  conveyed
    message without any discriminationor bias for his son-in-lawor any one elseof
his message             any discrimination bias              son-in-law anyone else of
the companions.The great Companions were in general, more knowledgeable
the companions. The great Companions were                   general, more knowledgeable
about the Islamic teachings.Among the non-relatives the prophet@eacBerloHin),
about  the Islamic teachings.               the non-relatives of the prophet (peace Be Upoo Him),
                                                              of
there were many             were more knowledgeable than Ali or the other relativesof
there were many who were more knowledgeable               than Ali the other relatives of
                                 spite    the              forged     Shee'ah scholars. 3
the Prophet (peaceBeUpooHim), in spite of the HADEETH forged by Shee'ahscholars.3
the Prophet(peaeBerporlm;

              those Companions who havebeenslandered the Shee'ahscholars
      Among thoseCompanions           have been slandered by the Shee'ah scholars
are those who have beentold that they were the peopleof paradise.
are those        have been     that they were the people paradise. Among them      them
also are thoseto whom the Prophet(Peace Be Upro Him) said: 'May my mother and father
also are those          the Prophet 1reaeBerlmniml 'May
                                                     said:             mother and father
be sacrificed              that the ProphetreaeBerlmrriml      is from them and they are
be sacrificed for you' or that the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) is from them and they are
from him.
from him.
                                  there are hundredsaboutwhom the ProphetGwBc
        Among those companions there are hundreds about whom the Prophet (Peace Be
        Among thosecompanions
                'None loves them but a believer and non hatesthem      a hypocrite'.
Upoo Him) said: 'None loves them but a believerand non hates them but a hypocrite'.
u* n-l said:
                                                love are excluded.For thesekinds
Certainly, the blind, biased and exaggerated love are excluded. For these kinds of
Certainly, the blind, biasedand exaggerated
            shouldratherbe identifiedas hatred.If therewere disagreements  amonga
"Love" should rather be identified as hatred. If there were disagreements among a
       Companionsbased on a difference legal opinions(Ijtehad),          should
few Companions based on a difference of legal opinions (Ijtehad), we should not
indulge in judging their personal deeds, for ALLAH condemns such acts; i.e. latter
indulge judging their personal     deeds, ALLAH condemns
                                          for                   suchacts;i.e. latter
       judging the deeds the earlierones.
ones judging the deeds of the earlier ones.
ones
      ln the       Qur'an says:         was nation       has passedaway. They
      [n the Holy Qur'an it says: "That was a nation who has passed away. They
      receive the         of what they earned, and you ofwhat you earned, And
shall receive the reward ofwhat they earned, andyou of what        earned,
you will not be asked ofwhat they used to do"?4
    will     be askedof what they used to do"?a

       Brothers and sisters,do you believe               who plainly states that He is
       Brothers and sisters, do you believe ALLAH who plainly states that He is
pleased        the Companions the Prophet(peaeBeupmnim) Shee'ahscholars
                                                               or the
pleased with the Companions of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) or the Shee'ah scholars
who honor just afew Companions curseand accuse                 thousands others.
who honor just a few Companions and curse and accuse thousands of others. Be
                                       and                                         Be
                              paradiseand not function unintentionallyas an agent
sure to find the right way to paradise and not function unintentionally as an agent
sure to find the right way to
    the enemies'of Islam who are trying to destroy the Holy Qur'an and the
of the enemies· of Islam who are trying to destroy the Holy Qur' an and the
                                                                   'Ifyouseeaperson
HADEETH. Remember that Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal said: 'If you see a person
HADEETH. Remember         that Imam Ahmad binHanbalsaid:
accusing the companions the Prophet(peaeBertomHimr. the right to doubt
                                                           you have
accusing the companions of the Prophet (Peace Be Up= Him). you have the right to doubt
his Islam'
his Islam'


1
 ' Holy Qur'an: chapter 48 verses 18-29.
   Holy Qur'an: chapter48 verses18-29.
'Al-Bukhari, vol. 5, p.2.
2 A1-Bukhari, vol. 5, p.2.

 ' Ibn Taymiyah,Minhaj vol. 3, pp. 116-73.
3 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj vol. 3, pp. 116-73.

aHoly Qur'an: chapter 2 verses 134.
4Holy qur'an: chapter2 verses134.

                                             t9
                                             19
Rahwaih and Imam Malik gave the verdict that whosoever accusesthe
      Rahwaih and           Malik gave                    whosoever accuses
                                      Taymiyah and Razi said: 'Whoever questions
companions shouldbe punished.Ibn Taymiyahand Razi said: 'Whoever questions
companions should be punished.
the good faith of the companions "Zindeeq" and unbeliever'.
the good       of the companions is "Zindeeq" and unbeliever'.
      Ibn Hajar Al-Haithami and Imam Shaifeeare of the opinion, that w?roever
                 Al-Haithami and           Shaifee are of                whoever
hates the companions is an unbeliever. Al-gadi abu Ya'ala concludedthat the
hates the companions       an unbeliever.           abu         concluded that the
majority of Muslim scholars have madea consensus whoever disgraces
majority of          scholars have made consensus that whoever disgraces and
                                                        that                  and
accuses a Companion believingthat the Companion deserves disgracing becomesa
accuses Companionbelieving that the Companiondeserves        disgracingbecomes
Kafer (unbeliever) but if he doesnot believethat the companion deserves it then he
Kafer (unbeliever) ifhe does         believe that the companiondesOrves then he
committed serioussin (a Faseq).l
committed a serious sin (a Faseq).r




I
1 Abu Mu'awiyah Muhammad, pp. 11-13,25 and 62.
  Abu Mu'awiyah Muhammad,pp. I l-13, 25 and 62.

                                                  20
                                                  20
T UQ'YAH (SHIELDING)
Tno,YAH ('HTELDTNG)
        The Ja'afari scholars say that: 'TUe'yAH comprises ninetenths of the
       The Ja'afari scholars say that: 'TUQ'YAH comprises ninetenths of the
 religion of ALLAH and whoever does not use TUe'yAH has no religion.
religion of ALLAH and whoever does not use TUQ'YAH has no religion.
 TUQ'YAH is to be usedin everythingexceptin declaringthe prohibition of wine
TUQ'YAH is to be used in everything except in declaring the prohibition of wine
 and the rubbing of socks in wudu'.r TUe'yAH means pretend doingor
and the rubbing of socks in WUdU,.1 TUQ'YAH means to pretend by doing or
                                                              to       by
 saying exactly the opposite of what you believeor feel, e.g.to pretend be nice
saying exactly the opposite of what you believe or feel, e.g. to pretend to be nice
                                                                          to
 while cursingthe personin the heartwithout a present           2
while cursing the person in the heart without a present danger.
                                                        danger.2
        The specific purpose of TUQ'YAH is the 'preservationof Islamandthe
        The specific purpose of TUQ'YAH is the 'preservation of Islam and the
 Shee'ahschool of thought; if the peoplehad not resorted it, our schoolwould
 Shee'ah school of thought; if the people had not resorted to it, our school would
                                                                to
 have been destroyed'3,   i.e., to the Shee'ahscholars.
have been destroyed,3, i.e., to the Shee'ah scholars, TUQ'YAH could be used
                                                           TUe'yAH couldbe used
 with non-shee'ah, including Muslims, to preserve the shee'ah Faith. The
with non-Shee'ah, including Muslims, to preserve the Shee'ah Faith. The
 prominent Shee'ah   scholarTabatabai
 prominent Shee'ah scholar Tabatabai says that Shee'ah TUQ'YAH is based on the
                                       saysthat Shee'ah   TUQ'YAH is basedon the
 versesfrom the Holy Qur'an that say: "Let not the believers take the disbelievers
 verses  from the Holy Qur'an that say'."Let      the believerstake the disbelievers
 as          (supporters,helpers, etc.)insteadofthebelievers,andwhoeverdoes
 as Auliya (supporters, helpers, etc.) instead ofthe believers, and whoever does
           never be helped by ALLAH
that will never be helped by ALLAH in any way, except you indeedfear a danger
                                         any way, exceptyou                 danger
from them...".4',"vl/hover disbelieved ALLAH after his betief, except
ftom them... ". 4; "Whover disbelieved in ALLAH after his belief, except him who
                                                                               who
           thereto     whose
is forced thereto and whose heart is at rest with Faith... ".5
                                        rest       Faith...,'.5
       The         Qur'an alsoassures that pretending believedifferentlyfrom
       The Holy Qur'an also assures us that pretending to believe differently from
                                          us               to
what is      our hearts iS the distinguished characteristic hypocritesand
what is in our hearts is the distinguished characteristic of hypocrites and it
condemns that. ALLAH says in the Holy eur'an. ,And when they meet those
condemnsthat. ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: "And when they meetthose
     believe they say 'We believe'.
who believe they say 'We believe'.But when they are alone with their Shaytan
                                             when they      alone          Shaytan
(devil'polytheist, hyprocrites,etc.), they say: "Truly we arc with you... ,'.6
(devil- polytheist, hyprocrites, etc.), they say: "Trary we are           ".6

      ALLAH also says: "Do yoa (aithfull believers)covet that they will believe
      ALLAH also says:       you (faithfull believers) covet     they will believe
in your religion inspite of thefact that a party of them (Iewish rabbis) used to
   your                  of    fact        party ofthem (Jewish rabbis) used
hear the liltord of ALLAH [the Taurat (Torah)J, then they used to change it
          Word of ALLAH [the              (Torah)},                              it
lrnowingly after they understood it? "And when thq (Jewg meet thoseiho
knowingly             understood      "And when they (Jews)            those who
believe (Muslims) what ALLAH has revealed to you pews, about description
believe (Muslims) what ALLAH                        you [Jews,
and the qualities of Prophet Muhammad|peaceBeLponHi^)
and the qualities ofProphet Muhammad(peace Be Upon Him) thatwhich are writeen in
                                                        that which are writeen in



 '
  1 Al-Kafr, AL-Usool, vol. 2, pp 217-9
    Al-Kati, AL-Usool, vol. 2, pp 217-9.
' Al-Kafi
  2 Al-Kati A.l-frua, vol. 3 pp. 188-9.
             Al-frua, vol. 3 pp. 188-9.
3
    Khomeini p. 144.
  3 Khomeini p. 144.
o
  4 Holy qur'an: chapter3 verse28.
    Holy Qur'an: chapter 3 verse 28.
'Holy qur'an:
  5 Holy Qur'an: chapter 16verse106.
                  chapter 16 verse 106.
t        qur'an: chapterzverse 14.
  6Holy Qur'an: chapter 2 verse 14.
    Holy

                                           21
                                           21
Taurat(Torah), that they (Muslim) nay argue wtth you (Jants)then no
Taurat(Torah),      they (Muslim) nay argue with you (Jews) then
understanding?".!
understanding?".r
       ALLAH also says:"Lo! you are the oneswho lovethembut theyloveyou
                 also says: "Lol        are the ones who love them         they love
not, and you believe in all the Scriptures[te. you believein the Taarat(Torah)
not,            believe     all     Scriptures [i.e.     believe          Taurat(Torah)
and the Injee(Gospel), while they disbelievein your Book, the Qar'anJ.And
     the Injeel(Gospel),           they disbelieve              Book,      Qur'anJ. And
when they meet you, theysay, "We believe".Btttwhen they are alone,they bite
when   they meet         they say, "We believe". But when they           alone, they bite
the tips of their Jingers at you in rage Say: "Perish in your tage. Certainly,
the tips of         fingers                 rage. Say:"Pefish           rage. Certainly,
ALI-/IH knows what is in the breast(alt the secrets)."2
ALLAH knows                                                      Therefore, ALLAH has
                                the breast (all the secrets).,,2 Therefore, ALLAH has
prepared for the hypocrites severe punishment. "They shall be in the lowest
prepared the hypocritesseverepunishment.
          for                                          "They           be     the lowest
depthsof the ftre, no helperswilt you Jind for them".3 SoMuslimscholars
depths of the fire,        helpers will         find for them".3 So Muslim scholars
considerthat pretending opposite whatyou hideis lying,whichis a form of
consider that pretending the opposite of what you hide is lying, which is a form
                            the
hypocrisy,      the Prophet (peace Be Him) said: 'The signs a hypocrite are three:
hypocrisy, for the Prophet (peae upmrrim) 'The signsof ahypocrite are three:
                                    Be Upon    said:
whenever he speaks he tells a lie, when ever he promiseshe alwaysbreaksit and
whenever he speaks he tells lie, when ever he promises he always breaks and
he abuses the trust given him ... ' a The basic rule therefore, that pretending one
he abuses trust given to him...' 4 The basicrule therefore,is that pretendingone
           the
thing and hiding another hypocrisy and condemned the Islamic teachings.
thing and hiding another is hypocrisy and is condemned by the Islamic teachings.
The case mentioned chapter verse28 the Qur'an above applicable the
The case mentioned in chapter 3 verse 28 of the Qur'an above is applicable in the
case non-believers            under special cases, i.e., a Muslim cannotapply
case of non-believers ONLY under special cases, i.e., a Muslim cannot apply it
                  5
                                                        Qur'an is applicable
against a Muslim. Chapter 16 verse 106 of the Holy Qur' an is applicable only
againsta Muslim.5 Chapter 16 verse 106         the                           only
                       faces a situation similarto the situationofthe great Companion
when a Muslim faces a situation similar to the situation of the great Companion
when a
Ammar when he had to choose between dying under torture like his parents
Ammar when he had              choose between dying under torture             his parents
pretending be unbeliever tongue.Thesecasesare not the basicrule but rather
pretending to be unbeliever by tongue. These cases are not the basic rule but rather
exceptions,let alonethe basis nine-tenths the Islamic religion. Brothersand
exceptions, let alone the basis for nine-tenths of the Islamic religion. Brothers and
sisters, give a thought what would happenif Muslims were to believethat nine-
sisters, give it a thought - what would happen if Muslims were to believe that nine-
tenths         the whole religion lies                  Which is meansthat pretending
tenths of the whole religion lies in TUQ'YAH? Which is means that pretending
             different from our true belief and feelingsis nine times as importantas all
what· is different from our true belief and feelings is nine times as important as all
what
                           Could you ever trust a Muslim if this were the case?Can we
the Islamic teachings? Could you ever trust a Muslim if this were the case? Can we
the Islamic teachings?
really take our guidance and religiousknowledgefrom scholarswho believethat
really take our guidance and religious knowledge from scholars who believe that
deception is nine-tenths his religion?Is right to accepthis non-religiousviews
deception is nine-tenths of his religion? Is it right to accept his non-religious views
as representingthe truth? If a personconsiders lying aboutALLAH, His Prophet
as representing the truth? If a person considers lying about ALLAH, His Prophet
(peac rdmHi-l and the Muslims as essential
       Be                                         part of his beliefs order to servehis
(peace Be uPon Him) and the Muslims as essential part ofhis beliefs in order to serve his

biased goals, can we trust him? Therefore, if you really want success in the
biased goals, can we trust him? Therefore,              you really want success the
                                                       the manyargumentsof Shee'ah
hereafter or in the eternal life, be cautious of the many arguments of Shee'ah
hereafter or in the etemal life, be cautious
                                                     quotationsand references.
scholars which are based on distorted or forged quotations and references.
scholarswhich are baseddn distortedor forged



 I Holy qur'an: chapter2verses75-77
1 Holy Qur'an: chapter 2 verses 75-77

2 Holy
2 Holy Qur'an: chapter 3 verse 119.
       Qur'an: chaper 3 verse I19.
 ' Holy Qur'an: chapter 4 verse 145.
3  Holy Qur'an: chapter4 verse 145.
oAl-Bukhari, vol, 1. p. 31, Muslim vol. 4, p. 1374.
4 Al-Bukhari, vol, l p. 31, Muslim vol. 4,p. 1374.


3'    Ibn Taymiyah,Minhaj., vol l. p. 213 and vol. 3 p.259'260.
     Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj., vol 1. p. 213 and vol. 3 pp. 259-260.

                                                          22
                                                          22
remember that chapter3 verse28 of the Holy Qur'an is not
      Our Dearslet us remember
          Dears                         chapter verse     of     Holy
only an exception, but rathrer a restricted exception.Not only is it forbidden to be
         exception,               restricted exception. Not         it
used againstMuslims but it also prohibitsus to lie upon others.It meansthat if you
used against                also prohibits          upon others. It means     if
oppose certain behaviours and you are in a situation where admission
oppose          behaviours              are      situation where admission   would
endangerIslam or the Muslim community, you may chooseto remain silent but
endanger Islam                    community,             choose remain silent
                      1
    must avoid lying.
you must avoid lying.l




 I Ibn Taymiyah, Minh4i.,
1 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj.,    vol. p. 213 and Ibn Katheer, Tafseer.
                            vol. p. 213 and Ibn Katheer, Tafseer.

                                                        23
                                                        23
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS

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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS

  • 1. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SHEE'AH AND THE MUSLIMS BY SAEED ISMAEEL 1995-1416
  • 2. fu rht rJAfrrE AILah, rhe nosr Ben{icetr, rhe firosr nenciful of iN ThE NAME ofAllAh, ThE MOST BENEficENT, ThE MOST MERCiflJ1
  • 3. OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Introduction 1 Background of Shee'ah Ideologies Background Shee'ah Ideologies 2 The Holy Qur'an The Qur'an 3 The Sunna Hadeeth The Sunna or Hadeeth 6 Ijma' (Consensus Semi-Consensus) Ijma' (Consensus or Semi-Consensus) 8 Articles Faith andPillars Islam Articles of Faith and Pillars of Islam 1l 11 Concept Imamate The Shee'ah Concept of Imamate The Shee'ah t3 13 The Family of the Prophet (peaceBeUponHim) Family of Prophet 6ro""neuponHim) I6 16 The Companions of the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) Companions of Prophet @eaceBeUponHim) 18 18 Toq'yah (Shielding) Toq'yah (Shielding) 2r 21 Mut'ah - Temporary Marriage Mut' ah - Temporary Marriage 24 24 Ghadeer Ghadeer Khum 26 26 Conclusion Conclusion 30 30 References References 31 31
  • 4. I*t*oDUCrroN INTRODUCTION Thanks be ALLAH, help seekand guidancewe searchfor' Thanks be to ALLAH, His help we seek and His guidance we search for; ra*romsoever ALLAH permits go astrayshall neverhave guidan"", , rlrornro"rr.i whomsoever ALLAH permits to go astray shall never have guidance, whomsoever ALLAH guides shall neverbe misled; and bearwitnessthat there is no God but ALLAH guides shall never be misled; and I bear witness that there is no God but ALLAH alone and He has no partner;and bearwitnessthat Mohammedis His ALLAH alone and He has no partner; and I bear witness that Mohammed is His servant and messenger.Peace be upon him, his family, his companions servant and messenger. Peace be upon him, his family, his companions and their and their followers until the day of resurrection. followers the day resurrection. ALLAH commands us in the Holy Qur'an: "Let there arise out ofyou a ALLAH commands us the Qur'an'. "Let there arise group of people iniviting to all that Lv good (Islam), enjoining Al-ma'ruf(i.e. of iniviting all is enjoining Al-ma'ruf (te. Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) andforbidding Al- do) andforbidding Al- Munhar (polytheism Munkar (polytheism and disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden). And it is all hasforbidden). And they who are the successful"l. I pray to ALLAH that He will accept this work as they successful"r. pray ALLAH that acceptthis as a correct response to His commandment. a correctresponse His commandment. to The purpose this pamphlet is to presenta The purpose of this pamphlet is to present a brief idea about the religious idea aboutthe religious issues that the Shee'ah scholars have disagreed upon with the majority of Muslim issuesthat the Shee'ah scholars havedisagreed uponwith the majority Muslim acquaint especially thosewho have a vaguepicture what the scholars. It is to acquaint especially those who have a vague picture of what the scholars. is Shee'ahschool thought is comparison the malority'sversionof Islam.ln Shee'ah school of thought is in comparison to the majority's version ofIslam. In to short, is answerthe ever-risingquestions. the disagreement short, it is to answer the ever-rising questions. Is the disagreement vital? And if it is Is vital? if is vital, as a Muslim Shee'ah or following the Muslim scholars, what should I do to vital, as a Muslim Shee'ah followingthe Muslim scholars, or what should do to find the right Islam and the nght path to Paradise? find the right Islam and the right path to Paradise? May ALLAH bestow on us His ALLAH bestowon us His mercyandnot depriveus His guidance. mercy and not deprive us of His guidance. Ameen. Ameen. t The Holy Qur'an: Chapter 3 verse 104. I the Qur'an: Chapter verse 104
  • 5. Boa*cRouND oF 'HEE'AHTDEoLocIES BACKGROUND OF SHEE'AD IDEOLOGIES When Islam came as a guidance for mankind, the early generation of When Islam came as guidance mankind, the early generation devoted Muslims sincerely worked hard propagate devoted Muslims sincerelyworked hard to propagate and defendit, allowing Islam and defend allowing Islam to spread steadfastly.However, this createda wave of angerand hatredtowards spread steadfastly. However, this created wave anger and hatred towards Islam from some of the narrow mindedreligiousfigures, especially of Judarsm Islam from some the narrow minded religious figures,especially Judaism. They plotted to assassinate the prophet (peae upoHim) They plotted to assassinate prophet (Peace Be Him) and to creatediscordor the Be Uprn and create discord or fighting among Muslims (Fitnah). However, the Iman faith the companions fighting among Muslims (Fitnah). However,the Imanor faith of the companions was so strong that they were not affected by such conspiracies. After the death of was so strong that they were not affected suchconspiracies. After the death many companions, the Jewishconspiracy many companions, among others, represented Abdullah the Jewish conspiracy amongothers, represented by Abdullah bin Sabaa, found its way first, thru Muslims lesseducated bin Sabaa,found its way first, thru Muslims less educated aboutIslamthenlater about Islam then later on to therestof the Muslim Community. 1 on to the rest the MuslimCommunity.l During the term the first and secondCa'lee'phah's (Leader the whole During the term of the first and second Ca'lee'phah's (Leader of the whole Muslim nation) there were still many companions. the end Muslim nation) there were still many companions. By the end of the third the third Ca'lee'phah'sreign,a greatnumber the companions the Prophet (peaeBer.rptnHim) Ca'lee'phah's reign, a great number of the companions of the Prophet (Peace Be Uptm Him) had passed away, while the number new generationand new converts had passed away, while the number of new generation and new converts had had multiplied tremendously. this time, the tribalist,racistand Jewishmovements multiplied tremendously. At this time, the tribalist, racist and Jewish movements found an opportunity cometo the surface. Among thesemovements that found an opportunity to come to the surface. Among these movements was that of to was Abdullah Bin Sabaa,as had been mentionedabove. He is a YemenJew who Abdullah Bin Sabaa, as had been mentioned above. He is a Yemen Jew who claimedthat had divtneauthority.This developed furtherinto the claim that he, claimed that Ali had divine authority. This developed further into the claim that he, his son-Al-Hassan. sonAl-Hussainandthe his descendants the lattershouldbe his son, AI-Hassan, his son AI-Hussain and the descendants of the latter should be the future leaders the whole Muslim Ummah forever. This was. course. the future leaders of the whole Muslim Ummah forever. This was, of course, contrary to the currentpracticesinceafterthe Prophet (peaerlerJprnHiml had Abu Bakr contrary to the current practice since after the Prophet (Peace Be Up,m Him) Abu Bakr had been elected as the Caliph (Leader) the whole Muslim Ummah (Nation), been elected as the Caliph (Leader) of the whole Muslim Ummah (Nation), followed by Omar. There was as yet, until today,no claim that shouldbe the followed by Omar. There was as yet, until today, no claim that Ali should be the d first Ca'lee'phah first Ca'lee'phah'.2 finally founda place acceptance the capital in This allegation however, finally found a place of acceptance in the capital of This allegation however, the previously lranian Empire,Al-Madayen, more easilythan in the otherregions the previously Iranian Empire, AI-Madayen, more easily than in the other regions the IslamicEmpireat that time, especially sinceAl-Hussain, second son of the Islamic Empire at that time, especially since AI-Hussain, second son of Ali, was thenmarried to the daughter the last Iranian Emperor.3 was then married to the daughter of the last Iranian Emperor? This is why the Shee'ah concept the hereditary system leadership This is why the Shee'ah concept of the hereditary system of leadership is is fourth Shiite's Imam confined to the descendants of AI-Husain, beginning with fourth Shiite's confined to the descendants Al-Husain, beginning with Imam (leader).The claim that shouldbe the first Caliphstarted mainly as a political (leader). The claim that Ali should be the first Caliph started mainly as a political ploy to creatediscordamongMuslimsby agitating tribal andracialdifferences the ploy to create discord among Muslims by agitating the tribal and racial differences and hostilities. andhostilities. ' Zaheer, p 17-24, quoting three Shee'ah source. I Zaheer,p l7-24, quoting three Shee'ahsource 2Ibn Taymiyah, Vol. 3 pp. 116-72. 2Ibn Taymiyah,Vol. 3 pp. I 16-72. t Ali Hassan pp. 230-231. pp.230-231. 3 Hassan 2
  • 6. The end result of the political claim, however, was a religiousdifference The endresult the politicalclaim,however, was religious difference and and deviation from the Islam maintained by the great majority of Muslim scholars. deviation from the Islammaintained the greatmajority Muslim scholars. by Shee'ah l derive their name from Shee'ee 2 which means in Arabic supporter, Shee'ahr derivetheir namefrom Shee'ee2 which means Arabic supporter, here to mean the supporters of Ali, his sons, Hassan and Hussain, and descendants here to meanthe supporters his sons,Hassan and Hussain, and descendants of Hussain. Shee'ah are divided into groups: the Zaidis, whohavedeviatedthe Hussain. Shee'ahare divided into groups'. theZaidis.who have deviated the least; the Ja'fari Eth'nai Ashri, the Ismailis, and the Alawi Nusairi. Druzesderive least; the Ja'fari Eth'naiAshri, the Ismailis,and the AlawiNusairi. Druzes derive their roots from Ismailism and Fatimid Shee'ah? their rootsfrom IsmailismandFatimidShee'ah.3 The following pages are devoted to the discussion of the Ja'fari Eth'nai The following pages are devotedto the discussion the Ja'fari Eth'nai Ashri (Ja'fari twelve Imams), which represents the Shee'ah majority. Ashri (Ja'faritwelve Imams), which represents Shee'ah the majority. 1 'Plural. Plural. 2Singular. 2 Singular. 3 IbnTaymiuah,Minhaj, vol. lp.3; vol2p.l24 Tabatabai Al-Falwazan pp. 9-l 8. 3 Ibn Tayrniuah, Minhaj, vol. Ip.3; vol 2 p.124 Tabatabai pp. 75-82; Abdulla pp. 73-143; Al-Falwazan pp.75-82; Abdulla pp. 73-143; pp. 9-18. 3
  • 7. HOLYQUR'AN oLY QIIR'AN Ja'fari Shee'ah scholar says: 'that the number of verses the The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholar says: 'that the number of versesin the Holy Qur'an is 1700'.rAl-Kafi by Al-Kolayni,which is believed Shee'ahscholars as Qur'an 1700'" Al-Kolayni, which believed by Shee'ah scholarsas the most trustworthy and celebratedwork of HADEETH known in the Shee'ah the most trustworthy and celebrated ofHADEETH the Shee'ah 'Any human being who claims to have collectedthe Qur'an in its world, says: 'Any human being world, says: claims have collected the Qur'an complete form is a liar. Only Ali and the Imamscollectedit all and preservedit'.2 complete liar. Ali and the Imams collected and preserved it'.2 The Shee'ah Scholars also allow their followers to readthe existingHoly The Shee'ah Scholars also followers read the existing Qur'an till they are taught their version. This permissionis basedon a Shee'ah Qur'an till are taught version. This permission based Shee'ah th tradition which says: I said to lmam Ali Musa (the 8s Imam), we hearfrom you tradition says: said Imam Ali Musa (the 8 Imam), hear from Qur'anic verseswhich we havenot leamed.Are we committingsinstiy not reciting Qur'anic verses have learned. committing sins by reciting them? The Imam said 'No, read the have learned. Someone will cometo them? The lmam said'No, readthe way you havelearned.Someone will come th (referring the l2e Imam will reappear and bring with him the teach you' (referring to the 12 Imam who will reappear teach and bring him the complete version according to the Shee'ah belief)3 completeversionaccording the Shee'ahbeliefi scholars assure us that Prophet Mohammed (peae ttp@ Be Hin) The Muslim scholars assure us that Prophet Mohammed (peace Be Upoo Him) The Qur'an its complete,cunent existingform orally and dtring compiled the Holy Qur'an in its complete, current existing form orally and during compiled the the C'laph'ah (leadership) Bakr, a compilationwhich was written down the C'laph'ah (leadership) of Abu Bakr, a compilation which was written down in 4 a single volume. a singlevolume.a Othman, the language the Qur'an was During the C'laph'ah of Othman, the language of the Holy Qur'an was During the C'laph'ah 5 standardized and universalized. The approved variations in reciting a few words of standardized universalized.s approvedvariations reciting a and The words the Holy Qur'an do not touch its basic meaning. 6 the Holy Qur'an do not touchits basicmeaning.6 ALLAH says the Qur'an'."Verily lile: It We Who have sent down ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an:"Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Dhikr surely,lVe (from corruption)"1;"It isfor the Dhikr (Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)"7;"It isfor Us to collect and to give you (0 Mohammad (peace Be Upon Him)) the ability to recite it" IIs to (O Mohamtnud (p.o". upon s, Him) it" 8; "Falsehood cannot come to itfrom before it or behind it (it is) sent down by 8; "Fahehood come to itfrom before is) sent down by the All-Wise Worthy ofall praise (ALLAH)".9 the Alt-Wise Worthy of all praise (ALL/lH)".e t Al-Usool Minat-Kafi, vol 2p. 634,1961;seealsoZaheer,pp 1 Al-Usool Minal-Kafi, vol. . 2p. 634, 1961; see alsoZaheer, pp. 77-152. 77-152. 2 Al-Usml Min al-kafi vol I,p.228, 1968. 2 Al-Usool Min al-kafi vol. . 1, p. 228, 1968. t Al-Kafi Min al-Usool,vol 2, p. 633, I 96I alsoseeAl-Khateebp. I l. 3 Al-Kafi Min al-Usool, vol.. 2, p. 633, 1961;; also see Al-Khateeb p. 11. o Al-Bukhari, vol. 6,pp. 477-8. 4 Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 477-8. t 5 Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 478-80. Al-Bukhari, vol. 6, pp. 478-80. uQattan, pp. 170-85. 6 Qattan,pp. 17G85. 7 HolyQur'an: Chapter15verse9. 7 Holy Qur'an: Chapter 15 verse 9. t Holy qur'an: 8 Holy Qur'an: Chapter 75 verse 17. Chapter75 verse 17. e Holy 9 Holy Qur'an: Chapter 41 verse 42. Chapter 4l verse 42. Qu'an: 4
  • 8. ALLAH had promised to preserve as a guidance Muslims everywhere ALLAH had promised to preserve it as a guidance for Muslims everywhere and forever. This is contrastto the previous divine books wtrerein although their and forever. This is in contrast to the previous divine books wherein although their original forms are preserved original forms are preserved with ALLAH, the ones in the hands of the followers ALLAH, the ones the hands the followers thesemessages distorted. are of these messages are distorted. The Muslim scholars udro consider the belief that the The Muslim scholars who consider the belief that the Holy Qur'an is Qur'an is 1 adulterated a plain rejection the Islamicfaith.r is adulterated is a plain rejection of the Islamic faith. Brothersand sisters,you can find out for yourselfthat the number verses Brothers and sisters, you can find out for yourself that the number of verses the Qur'an is 6236 excludingthe in the Holy Qur'an is 6236 excluding the "Bismillah" at the beginning of the Suras at the beginning the Suras (Chapter), but the Shee'ah Scholars claim that this (Chapter), but the Shee'ah Scholars claim that this Holy Qur'an is not complete. Qur'an is not complete. Should we believe the Ja'fari Shee'ah source or the Should we believe the Ja'fari Shee'ah source or the Almighty ALLAH and the ALLAH and the Muslim Scholars?Perhaps some Shee'ah deny their Muslim Scholars? Perhaps some Shee'ah deny their belief that the existing Holy that the eisting Qur'an is not complete. this denial could be shielding(Tuq'yah to lie to Qur'an is not complete. But this denial could be shielding (Tuq'yah or to lie to protectthe Shee'ahbelief). protect the Shee'ah belief). | Zaheer, p. 141-7. I 7ahet,p. l4l-7. 5
  • 9. SU'N' AD OR HADEETH Sar'*'o" oR HADEETH The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholarsconsiderSU'N'AH as what the prophet(peaeBe The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars consider SU'N'AH as what the prophet (peace Be 1 rrmHin)and the Imams said.l AL-Kafi by Kolayni, in Tabatabai'swords is "the Upon Him) and the Imams said. AL-Kafi by Kolayni, in Tabatabai's words is "the most trustworthy and celebratedwork of HADEETH in the Shee'ahworld".2 In most trustworthy and celebrated work ofHADEETH in the Shee'ah world".2 In this source, the names of the transmittersof the HADEETH are not frequently this source, the names of the transmitters of the HADEETH are not frequently mentioned.Insteadof the "prophet said", you fin{" the Imam said". Many of these mentioned. Instead of "prophet said", finc" Imam said". Many of these HADEETHs contradict the Holy Qur'an. The prominent criterion in validating I{ADEETHs contradict Qur'an. prominent criterion validating HADEETH is actuallywhetherit supports, at least,doesnot negate Shee'ah actually whether it supports, or least, does negate the Shee'ah most trustworthy of the prophet's peaer.t6-rr-rtraditions are schoolof thought.The most trustworthy of the prophot'S(Peace Be Upon Him) traditionsare school of thought. the ones received through the household of the prophet, i.e. the Shee'ah lmams, the ones receivedthrough the household the prophet,i.e. the Shee'ahImams, of even though an Imam could pass away while his child is only nine, eight or five even though an Imam could pass away his nine, eight years old.3 For example, F{ADEETHreported Ali andcompiledby SahihAl" years old? For example, a HADEETH reported by Ali and compiled Sahih AI.. Bukhari is rejected if it contradicts the Shee'ahconceptof TemporaryMarriage Bukhari rejected if contradicts the Shee'ah concept Temporary Marriage (Nikah Mut'ah), but if the HADEETH were supportiveof the Shee'ahschoolof (Nikah if the were supportive ofthe Shee'ah school thought, would be accepted matter who said,transmitted, or compiled it. 4 thought,it would be accepted no matterwho said, transmitted, compiledit.a no The Muslim scholars define SU'N'AH or HADEETH as the sayings of the The Muslim scholars define or HADEETH as the sayings the Prophet (peae rtotn Be nim), his deeds,tacit approvals the description his physical Prophet (Pea"" Be Upon Him), his deeds, tacit approvals or the description of his physical s Basically, there are two ways ofHADEETH authentication. The first appearance. Basically,there are two ways of HADEETH authentication. The first appearance.s the transmitters.Therefore is the "Isnad", which means the reliability of the transmitters. Therefore is the "Isnad". which means the reliability broken linkages betweentransmitters rejectedbecause are HADEETH with broken linkages between transmitters are rejected because therel F{ADEETH therel is no way to find out how reliablethe transmitters Second,are. thereis "Matn'', is no way to find out how reliable the transmitters are. Second, there is "Matn", which means content of the HADEETH; that is, whether or not contradictsthe which means content the HADEETH; that is, whetheror not it contradicts the teachings the Holy Qur'an, there is anotherversion the same teachings of the Holy Qur'an, there is another version of the same HADEETH with wtth 6 a differentchain transmitters, whetherthereis a strongerIsnad,etc.6Basedon a different chain of transmitters, or whether there is a stronger Isnad, etc. Based on or these methodologies the strictness the compilerin choosinghis HADEETH, these methodologies and the strictness of the compiler in choosing his HADEETH, and of the Muslim scholarsaffirmedthat the compilationsof Al-Bukhari and the Muslims the Muslim scholars affinned that the compilations of AI-Bukhari and the Muslims are the most trustworthy source of the SU'N'AH of the Prophet@eaeBetrptnuim;.7 are the most trustworthy source of the SU'N'AH of the Prophet (pea"" Be Upon Him/ While the Holy Qur'an was compiled in written form right after the deathof the While the Holy Qur'an was compiled in written form right after the death of the ItTabatabai , p. 93 and Constitution article 2. Tabatabai p. 93 and Constitutionarticle 2. , 22Tabatabai,p. Tabatabai, p. 110. lto. 33 Among other sources, pp. Among other sources, Tabatabai, pp.94,2O7'8,and 210-1. Tabatabai, 94,207-8, and 210-l 4o Tabatabai,p.94. Tabatabai, p. 94. ,t Azami, p.3. Azami, p.3. 66 Azami,pp.32-72. Azami, pp. 32-72. 7 tIbn Taymiyah, Fatawi, Vol. 18, p. 17, Azami p. 87-96. p. lbn Taymiyah,Fatawi,Vol. 18,p. 17, Azailrlli 87-96. 6
  • 10. prophet @"* Be Him), serious compilationof the HADEETH took place after prophet (peace Be npdHim), the serious compilation of Upoo place after l almost 100 years.l There were many reasons this delay,the major one being almost 100 years. There were many reasons for delay, the one being that agreat proportion of F{ADEETH dealtwith detailedteachingswhich shouldbe that a great proportion of HADEETH dealt detailed teachings should practiced by a true Muslim in his daily life. The companionswere actually living practiced true The companions were actually compilations ofHADEETH because they were representing propheticmanners compilations of HADEETH because they were representing the prophetic manners the themselves. Therefore, there seemedto be no urgent need for serious efforts themselves. Therefore, there seemed urgent need serious efforts towards compilation. Furthermore, somegreatCompanionswere of the towards a written compilation. Furthermore, some great Companions were of the opinion that the teaching of Islam shouldbe focusedfirst in the Holy Qur'an so opinion that the teaching of Islam should be focused the Qur'an so that well-established. This was to avoid what had happened previous that it would be well-established. This was avoid had happened to previous Holy Books in which divine words were mixed up with propheticsayings. Books divine words were mixed prophetic sayings. So brothers and sisters, which definition of FIADEETH is more accurate, So brothers and sisters, definition HADEETH more accurate, given the fact that ProphetMohammedreaeBeUpmrlim) sealof the Prophets?As given the fact that Prophet Mohammed (Peace Be Upoo Him) is the seal the Prophets? is the God says in the Holy Qur'an'."Muhammad lreoceBeuponni4 thefother of any God says the Qur'an: "Muhammad.(Peace Be Upon Him) is not thefather ofany man among you, hut he is the Messengerof ALLAH and the last (end) of the among but Messenger ofALLAH (end) ofthe prophets... ,,2. prophets..."2. Only the Prophets and the messengers ALLAH can receive the Prophets and the messengers of ALLAH can receive revelationwhich is binding unto whom the messenger sent.When the Shee'ah is revelation which is binding unto whom the messenger is sent. When the Shee'ah the Imams the sayings the Prophet,they are scholars equate the sayings of the Imams to the sayings of the Prophet, they are scholars equate the sayings claiming that the Imam also receivedrevelation.If thesescholars claimthat the claiming that the Imam also received revelation. If these scholars claim that the Imams were only inspired, then the inspiration is a different story. It is not binding Imams were inspired,then the inspiration differentstory. not binding to be followed to be enforced othersnor should be shared otherhuman by to be followed or to be enforced on others nor should it be shared by other human on beings. beings. t |'zarnip.2s. 1 Azami p.25. 2'Holy Holy qur'an: Chapter33 verse40. Qur'an: Chapter 33 verse 40. 7
  • 11. IJMA' (CONSENSUS OR SEMI-CONSENSUS) I"*o (coNsENSUS 'EMr-.'NSENSUS) oR Shee'ah scholars have a doublestandard position conceming[jma'. On the Shee'ah scholars have a double standard position concerning Ijma'. On the one hand, the Shee'ahscholarsemploy consensus supporttheir arguments, one hand, the Shee'ah scholars employ consensus to support their arguments, e.g. to e.g. '... Both 'which were Tabatabaiwrites Sunniand Shee'ee clearlyasserted...' Tabatabai writes '... Both Sunni and Shee'ee clearly asserted.. .' and 'which were and acclaimed all...'1And on the other,Ijma' is rejected Shee'ah by acclaimed by all... ,1 And on the other, Ijma' is rejected by Shee'ah scholars who: by scholars who: l.Claim that thousands the Prophet's6r".*Berfuorrim) 1. Claim that thousands of the Prophet's (peace Be Upon Him) companions had plotted companionshadplotted against the Prophet's commandsand only less than ten against the Prophet's commands and only less than ten of them remained them remained truthful, therebytaking knowledgefrom theseagainstthe majority. truthful, thereby taking knowledge from these against the majority. 2. Consider the millions Muslim scholars throughoutthe Islamic history and the 2. Consider the millions of Muslim scholars throughout the Islamic history and the globe as non-believers because they don't believein the I'ma'mah as an article globe as non-believers because they don't believe in the I'ma'mah as an article of faith, one which is basedon claimsrejectedby the majority. offaith, one which is based on claims rejected by the majority. 3. Question the authenticity the Qur'an and the HADEETHs authenticated 3. Question the authenticity of the Holy Qur'an and the HADEETHs authenticated the majority including the interpretations which gainedthe acknowledgment by the majority including the interpretations which gained the acknowledgment the same. of the same. Muslim scholars consider Ijma' as the third major source Islamic Muslim scholars consider Ijma' as the third major source of Islamic teachings. Whennothingis directlymentioned the Holy Qur'an or the in teachings. When nothing is directly mentioned in the Holy Qur'an or the SU'N'AH about the case, then the Ijma' is considered as a valid source. 2 The most authentic about the case, thenthe Ijma' is considered a valid source.2 most authentic as The text is the one reported a largegroup transmitters anotherlargegroup. This to text is the one reported by a large group of transmitters to another large group. This is called "Tawatur".3 The mostvalid interpretation the SU'N'AH/FIADEETHS is called "Tawatur".3 The most valid interpretation of the SU'N'AH/HADEETHS is that which gains the approval Ijma'.4For is that which gains the approval ofIjma'.4 For ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: of saysin the Holy Qur'an: of you together, the Rope of ALLAH (i.e. "And holdfast, all ofyou together, to the Rope ofALLAH (i.e. this Qur'an), and Qur'an), be not divided among yourselves"s. Condemning deviation, ALLAH, addressing be divided amongyourselves"5. Condemning deviation,ALLAH, addressing rtoo the Prophet ip".* Be rrim) referringto thosewho deviatedfrom the right path, the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) and referring to those who deviated from the right path, and says: "Verily, those who divide their religion and break up into sects (all kinds of says'. those sects of religious sects), you (0 Muhammad (peace Be Upon Him)) have no concern in them in religious sects), (O TpeaceBenponni^)have concern them the least Their affair is only with ALLAH, Who then will tell them what they leasl affair ALLAH, lVho then will them they used to do" 6. The Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) said: ''...stickto the Jama'ah (Majority) used to do'6. The Proph€t 6reaenerp-n^1 said: ...stick to the Jama'ah (Majority) and avoid division. Satan is with the onepersonalonebut is more likely to avoid and avoid division. Satan is with the one person alone but is more likely to avoid the two together, whosoever wants abundancein Paradiseshould stick to the the together, whosoever wants abundance Paradise should stick the t Tabatabai, p. +0. 1 Tabatabai, 40. 'Ftawi,IbnTaymiahvol. 19 pp. 5-8,and 192-202. 2 Fatawi, Ibn Taymiah vol. 19 pp. 5-8, and lg2-22 'Al-Jazari,vol. 1, pp. 120-6. 3 Al-Jazari, vol. l, pp. 120-6. o Fatawa,Ibn Taymiyah,vol. 19, pp. 267-72. 4 Fatawa, Taymiyah, vol. 19,pp.267-72. 5 Holy qur'an: Chapter3 verse 103. 'Holy Qur'an: Chapter verse 103. u Holy qur'an : Chapter6 verse 159. 6 Qur'an: Chapter verse 159. 8
  • 12. Jama'ah...'.1Jama'ah and consensushere is referringto the majority of Muslim Jama'ah.. .'.1 Jama'ah and consensus here referring of scholars who are knowledgeable aboutthe commandments ALLAH. In another scholarsrarhoare knowledgeable about the commandments of ALLAH. another of HADEETH, the Prophet @ecBcrlorrim) 'My Ummah will not have consensus the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him) said: 'My Ummah will said: have consensus . on what is wrong'.2The Prophetp*Be r&enin)also what '...MyUmmahwillbe wrong'.2 The Prophet (peace Be UponHim) also said:' ...My Ummah will be said: divided into seventy three groups. Only one of them shall be savedand the rest divided seventy three groups. one of them shall saved and the rest shall be in hellfire'. When he was askedwhich group is to be saved,he responded: shall he was asked group saved, he responded: 'The followers of my path and my Companions'.[n anotherversionof the same 'The followers of path and Companions'. In another version of the same HADEETH he responded: 'They arethe Jama'ah'.3 HADEETH he responded: 'They are the Jama'ah,.3 Brothers and sisters, don't you think that consistency one of the crucial Brothers and sisters, that consistency is one of the crucial any measurement and and an objective argument? Don't you elementsof any valid measurement a tool of an objectiveargument? elements you think it is suspicious a personemploysan argumentwhen it supportshis biases suspicious if person employs an argument when supports his biases if and rejects the same once refutes them? about us assume that you and rejects the same onceit refutesthem?Think aboutit. Let us assume that you as Muslims want to know which path leadsto paradise. group of peopleyou as Muslims want path leads paradise. A group people don't know anything about claimed that they know which path leads to it. anything about claimed that they which path leads However, one among this group gave you a direction which contradicts the However, one among this group gave you a direction which contradicts the directions of the rest of the group, numbering no less than eleven people.Both directions the rest the group, numbering no lessthan elevenpeople. Both seemed be equally reasonable, which direction should you now descriptions seemed to be equally reasonable, descriptions which directionshouldyou now follow? What if you came to know that if you do not know this person'sdirection follow? What if came that if you do not this person's direction if you disagree him he hateyou, but the otherswon't? For ALLAH or if you disagree with him he will hate you, but the others won't? For ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an:" there is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right says the Qur'an: " there compulsion religion. Verily, the Path has become distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut Path become from l(hoever dkbelieves Taghut the God 'ALLAH") (anything worshipped other than the Real God "ALLAH'~ and believes in believes ALLAH, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never ALLAH, then grasped most will break and ALLAH is all-Hearer, all Knower" 4. breah ALL,AH h all-Hearer, Knower"4. think about as a basic rule. Thereare three Brothers and Sisters, just think about it as a basic rule. There are three Brothers and Sisters, categories issuesupon which scholars differ and they are as follows: categories of issues upon which scholars differ and they are as follows: had confrrmed as the right one but had not definitelyrejected 1. The Majority had confirmed it as the right one but had not definitely rejected it 1.The as wrong. aswrong. as the right one buthadnotdefinitely 2. The majority had not approved of it as the right one but had not definitely 2.The majority had not approved rejected it as wrong either. rejected as wrong either. 3. The Majority had rejected as definitelywrong. 3. The Majority had rejected it as definitely wrong. The crucial differencesbetween the Muslim and the Shee'ahscholarsare The crucial differences between the Muslim and the Shee'ah scholars are contained in the last category. contained the last category. in I t Al-Jazari, vol. 6, p. 669. Al-Jazari,vol. 6, p. 669. 2 Bale€qp. 5,14. 2 Baleeq p. 544. 3 ' Ibn Taymiyah. Minhaj, vol. 2. pp. 122-5. Ibn Taymiyalr. Minhaj, vol. 2. p. 122-5 oHoly Qur'an: Chapter 2 verse 256. 4 Holy qu'an: ChaPer 2verse256. 9 9
  • 13. Brothers and sisters, remember that there is a great deal of difference Brothers and sisters, remember that there is a great deal of difference between the 'majority of Muslims' which is not a sufficient evidence and the between the 'majority of Muslims' wtrich is not a sufficient evidenceand the 'majority of Muslims scholars'wtrich is uitratis meanthereby Ijma' 'majority of Muslims scholars' which is what is meant here by Ijma' Our Dears let us remembqr that ALLAH had wamed us against deviating Our Dears let us remember that ALLAH had warned us against deviating from His straight path. He says in the Holy Qur'an: "And verily, this is my from His straight path. He says in the Holy Qur'an: "And verily, this is my Staight Path, so follow it, and follow not (other) paths,for they will seporute Straight Path, so follow and follow not (other) paths,for they will separate you awayfrom Hispath. This He has ordainedfor you thatyou may becomeAl' you away from path. He ordainedfor you that you may become Al- Muttaqun (the pious)". Muttaqun (thepious )".11 1 IHoly Qur'an: Hoty qr'an: Chapter 66 verse 153. ChaFer verse 153. 10 0 1
  • 14. ~TICLES OF FAITH AND PILLARS OF ISLAM TICLES OF EAITH AND OF'ISLAM The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars say that believing The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars say that believing in a hereditary system of a hereditary system leadership the whole Muslim Ummah(I'ma'mah) is as fundamental leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah (I'ma'mah) is as fundamental as as believing in one God. l To them, I'ma'mah is an article offaith and a pillar of believing in one God.l To them, I'ma'mah is an article offaithandapillarof Islam. 2 . In addition, among the articles referred to in the constitution and the other Islam.2 tn additioq amongthe articlesreferredto the constitutionand the other Shee'ah sources, there is no mention Shee'ah sources, there is no mention of believing in the angels or divine believing the angels or divine destiny(Al-Qader). destiny(Al-Qader). Muslim scholars affirm that thereis no suchthing as I'ma'mah, an alleged Muslim scholars affirm that there is no such thing as I'ma'mah, an alleged hereditary system of leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah in Islam. There are hereditary system leadership the whole Muslim Ummah Islam. Thereare evidences the Qur'an and the reliableSU'N'AH that evenrefute.and evidences in the Holy Qur'an and the reliable SU'N'AH that even refute.and reject reject this concept. ln the this concept. In the Holy Qur'an, ALLAH says: "... and who (conduct) their Qur'an, ALLAH says: "...and who (conduct) (Muslim) alfairs by mutuat consultation..'tr and the Prophet{peeBetloHin)was (Muslim) affairs by mutual consultation... '''' and the Prophet<Peace Be qxm Him) was commanded: commanded: "... and consult them in the affairs... ".4 "..,andconsultthem the affiirs...".a The Muslim scholarsbelievethat Islam is on five pillars: Testifuingthat The Muslim scholars believe that Islam is built on five pillars: Testifying that there is no God but ALLAH and Mohammad is His messenger, performing there is no God ALLAH and Mohammad is His messenger,performing prayers, paylng charity, fasting prayers, paying charity, fasting in the month of Ramadan and making the the month Ramadan and making the 5 pilgrimage the house pilgrimage to the house of ALLAH. Furthermore, they believe that the ALLAH.s Furthermore, they believe that the fundamentalarticles Iman are: To believe ALLAH, His Angles, His Books, fundamental articles of Iman are: To believe in ALLAH, His Angles, His Books, His Messengers,the last Day and to believe divine destiny,both the good and His Messengers, the last Day and to believe in divine destiny, both the good and the evil thereof. 6 If you read the whole Holy Qur'an you will not find any support the thereof.6 If readthe whole Qur'an not any support the 'I'ma'mah concept', the alleged hereditary system for the 'I'ma'mah concept', the alleged hereditary system of leadership of the leadership the qiholeMuslim Ummah. whole Muslim Ummah. Brothers and sisters,shouldwe believethe majority Brothers and sisters, should we believe the majority of Muslim scholars who scholars who are supported clearly are supported clearly by the Holy Qur'an verses and reliable HADEETHs, or the the Qur'an versesand reliableFIADEETHs, the Shee'ahscholarswhoseopinionsare few Shee'ah scholars whose opinions are not sanctioned by the Holy Qur'an or the sanctioned the Qur'an the reliable I{ADEETHs? Make surethat our sole intentionis pleaseALLAH only reliable HADEETHs? Make sure that our sole intention is to please ALLAH only and truth and to find truth for our salvation in this world and in the hereafter. Let us, our salvation this world and the hereafter. us, rememberthat ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: "0 you who believe! Believein remember that ALLAH says the Qur'an: "0 believe! Believe ALLAH, flis Messenger (Muhammad(p~..u B~ Upon Him)), ALIllH, and His Messenger (Muhammad(p*",Be Him)t and the Booh (the upon Book I Constitution Article 2 and Asifi. pp.23-5 1 Constitution Article Asifi.. W.23-5 2Al-Kafvol. 1 p. 290. 2 Al-Kafi vol. 1p.290. t Holy qur'an: Chapter42 verse38. 3 Qur'an: Chapter verse 38. o Holy qr'an: Chapter 3 verse 159. 4 Qur'an: Chapter verse 159. r Bukhari , and Muslim - Forty Hadeeths,p. 35. Muslim - Hadeeths, p. 35. t Muslim -Forty Hadeeths,p. 30. 6 -Forty Hadeeths, 30. 11 ll
  • 15. Qur'an) which He has sent down to His Messenger, and the Scripture which He Qur'an) which Messenger, Scripture which sent dmtn to those before (him), and whosover disbelieves in ALL'AH, His down and disbelieves in ALLAH, Angek, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then indeed he has Angels, His Messengers, and Last strayedfar away"l. strayedfar a74tay"1. 1t Holy Qur'an: chapter 4 verse 136. Holy Qur'an: chapter4 verse136 t2 12
  • 16. S"""'AH AH .'NCEPT oF I'M.{MAH SHEE' CONCEPT OF I'MA'MAH The Shee'ahscholarsbelieve that the Immateconceptis an articleof faith The Shee'ah scholars believe that the Immate concept is an article offaith equal to believing in one God. I'ma'mah concept meansthat the spiritual, religious, equalto believingin one God. I'ma'mahconceptmeans that the spiritual,religious, educational and political leadershipof the whole Muslim Ummahis a matterof educationaland political leadership of the whole Muslim Ummah is matter of inheritance confined only twelveImams.Thesearethe husband the youngest inheritance confined to twelve Imams. These are the husband of the youngest of daughter of the Prophet (Peace BeUpon Him), Fatima, her two sons and some of the daughter of the Prophet (peae uptnHim),Fatima, her twO sons and sOme of the Be descendants of her second sons.Husain, of was married the Persian emperor's descendants her secondsons, Husain,who was marriedto the Persian emperor's 1 daughter. daughter.r This religious and political leadership couldbe inherited a nine,eightor This religious and politicalleadership could be inherited by nine, eight five year-old boy? For example, the constitution of the Republic Ir~n states that: five year-oldboy.2For example, constitution the Republicof Iran states the that: ... the official religion of Iran is the Ja'fari Eth'nai Ashri and this article is ... the official religion Iran is the Ja'fari Eth 'nai Ashri and this article is unchangeable forever'.3 unchangeable forever,3 all, this belief is bound with the belief that these Imamsare infallible 4 First of all, this beliefis boundwith the beliefthatthese First Imams areinfalliblea and share and share with ALLAH the power of knowing the unseenincluding the ALLAH the power knowing the unseen including the 5 They believe that obedience these to knowledge as to when the Imams would die. They believethat obedience to these knowledge as to when the Imamswould die.5 - 'eventhe worship of God becomes unnecessary Imams should be unquestionable'even the worship God becomes unnecessary Imams shouldbe unquestionable - ' We cannot imagine if this is the Imam's order,6 In Khomeini's words, it says' We cannot imagine this is the Imam's order'.6In Khomeini's words, says. Also the I'ma'mahts interwoven that the Imams can make mistake,7 Also the I'ma'mah is interwoven with the that the Imams can make mistake'.7 with the 'the spiritual status the Imam is universalviceregency is a belief that 'the spiritual status of the Imam is universal viceregency. It is a belief that viceregencypertainingto the whole creation, virtue which all atomsin the by viceregency pertaining to the whole creation, by virtue of which all atoms in the universehumble themselves before the holder this authority. is one the universe humble themselves before the holder of this authority. It is one of the essential beliefs our Shee'ah schoolthat no onecan attainthe spiritualstatus essential beliefs of our Shee'ah school that no one can attain the spiritual status of the Imams, not even the angels of the highest rank or messengers of ALLAH'. 8 On the Imams,not eventhe angels the highestrank or messengers ALLAH'.8 On the other hand, the concept is inherent in the Shee'ahbelief that all Muslim the other hand, the concept is inherent in the Shee' ah belief that all Muslim Ca'lee'phahs(leaders the whole Muslim nation),rulersandjudgesaretaghoots Ca'lee'phahs (leaders of the whole Muslim nation), rulers and judges are taghoots 1'Tabatabai,pp. Tabatabai,pp. 190-211I & 190-21 & pp. Hassan, pp. 230-1. Hassan, 230-1. ' Tabatabai, pp. 205, 7, 10. 2 Tabatabai, pp. 205, 7, 10. 3 3 Constitution Article 12. ConstitutionArticle 12. 4o e.g..Asifi,pp. 23-25, Constitution, Article 2. e.g.. Asifi, pp.23-25, Constitution, Article 2. 'Al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 206-62. 5 Al-Kafi, vol. 1, pp. 206-62 6u Islamicgreat Libraryp. 6. Islamic great Library p. 6. 7? Khomeini, Arabicp. 91. Khomeini, Arabic p. 91. 88 Khomeini, p.64. Khomeini, p. 64. t3 13
  • 17. (evil ones) if they are not Shee'ah or of the twelve Imams.l Therefore the (evil ones) if they are not Shee'ah or of the twelve Imams. I Therefore the constitution of Iran made surethat only an Ithna Ashari Ja'afai Shee'ahcanbe constitution of Iran made sure that only an Ithna Ashari Ja'afari Shee'ah can be president.2 and the 'nationallegislative president. 2 and the 'national legislative council shall not enact laws that contradict councilshallnot enactlaws that contradict the principles and jurisprudence of the offrcial sect of the state'.3 The twelfth the principles and jurisprudence of the official sect of the state,.3 The twelfth Shee'ahImam is believedto have been born in 868A.D. and is still alive(now Shee'ah Imam is believed to have been born in 868 A.D. and is still alive (now even after eleven centuries)but disappeared when he was 5 yearsold. He even after eleven centuries) but disappeared when he was 5 years old. He will reappearand the current Republic Iran reappear and the current Republic of Iran will be dissolved for him to take the be dissolvedfor him to take the leadership.a leadership.4 The Muslim scholars regardmonarchy questionable whereonly the political The Muslim scholars regard monarchy questionable where only the political power is inherited. Therefore, they reject completely any form monarchyin power is inherited. Therefore, they reject completely any form of monarchy in which even the religious and the spiritualleadership inherited, which even the religious and the spiritual leadership is inherited, unless there is is unlessthereis clear evidence the Holy Qur'an or the reliable in the prophotlreaaner6,n clear evidence in the Holy Qur'an or the reliable SU'N'AH of the prophetcPeaceBeUpoll ni-r that supportsthis claim. Not only rs there no such evidence,but alsothe Him) that supports this claim. Not only is there no such evidence, but also the concept I'ma'mah contradictsthe principle the consultatron concept of l'ma'mah contradicts the principle of the consultatIOn emphasized by emphasized by the Holy Qur'an. commanding Prophet, the the Holy Qur'an. ALLAH, commanding the Prophet, says: ,· says:".......andconsultthem and consult them affairs.........'6, praisingthe believers in affairs......... '05, and praising the believers says: " ....... and who (conduct) their and says: .......and who (conduct)their by affairs by mutual consultation....... ".6 consultation. tt o The Muslim scholars alsoaffirm that complete The Muslim scholars also affirm that complete infallibility is an attribute of infallibility is an attribute alone and no creatureshares with Him. Eventhe infallibility the ALLAH alone and no creature shares it with Him. Even the infallibility of the prophetsis limitedto conveytng therrmessages truly and avoidingcardinalsins prophets is limited to conveymg theIr messages truly and in avoiding cardinal sins or disobedience to For example, or disobedience to ALLAH. For example, ALLAH addressing the Prophet says: addressing Prophet the says: Proph€tp"o"" Upon llim) ftowned and turned away because a blind man came "The Prophetweace Be triml Be upon frowned away because man came to (interrupting)".7 The Holv Qur'an assures that eventhe best creature to him (interrupting)". 7 The Holy Qur'an assures us that even the bestcreature on us on earth does not share with ALLAH the attributes of infallibility. Concerning the earth does not sharewith the attributesof infallibility. Concemingthe knowledge the unseen, knowledge of the unseen, ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: "I (Mohammad (Peace Be says the Holy Qur'an: "I (MohamntodTeeacene upmH;mJ) have no power over ony good or harm to my self except as God Upon Hin) any self except if I (ALLAH) wills, if I had knowledgeof the unseen,I should have multiplied all knowledge ofthe unseen, I have good, und no evil should have touchedme...'r. Muslim scholars good, and should have touched me... ,,s. Muslim scholars consider consider those those who believethat somehumanbeingsarebetterthanthe messengers ALLAH as who believe that some human beings are better than the messengers of ALLAH as '1 Khomeini,pp.92-1. Khomeini, pp. 92-3. 2 ConstitutionArct. I 15. 2 Constitution Aret. 115. 3 Constitution Acft.72. 3 Constitution Aert. 72. 4 ConstitutionArct. 5. 4 Constitution Aret. 'Holy qur'an: Chapter verse159. 5 Holy Qur'an: Chapter 3 verse 159. u Holy qur'an: 6 Qur'an: Chapter 42 verse38. Chapter verse 38. t Holy qur'an: Chapter 80verses1-10. 7 Holy qur'an: Chapter 80 verses l-10 t Holy qur'an: 8 Holy Qur'an: Chapter7 verse I 88. Chapter 7 verse 188. t4 14
  • 18. kaferon (unbelievers),1 alone those who claim that somecreaturesshare with kaferon (unbelievers), I let alone those claim some creatures share ALLAH His unique attributes or that obedienceto these creaturesis more ALLAH unique attributes obedience these creatures more th importantthanto the Creator.The concept the still alive 12ftShee'ahImam important than the Creator. The concept of the still alive 12 Shee'ah Imam is a myth which should not bp believed, alonebuild a whole systemof an Islamic myth which should be believed, let alone build whole system of an Islamic government on Al-tabari assured us that the 11 th Imam had goverrrment it. Al-tabariassured that the 11ft Imamhad no offspring'sat all. 2 us offspring's at all.z There are very few HADEETHs compiledby Termithy and Abu Dawood There are very HADEETHs compiled Termithy and Dawood mentioning the appearanceof Al-Mahdi among the signs of the Day of mentioning the appearance AI-Mahdi among the signs the Day Resurrection. These HADEETHs say that he will have a name similar to the Resurrection. These HADEETHs say that he have name similar the Prophet's(Mohammad(p",*r+up,- Prophet's (Mohammad (Peace Be Up,m Hi-y)andhis father'snamewill be similarto the Him») and his father's name be similar the Prophet's father (Abdullah), not Hassan the 11 th Imam's name. He Prophet's father(Abdullah),not Hassan l lth Imam'sname.He will be from the the be from the descendants the first grandson of the Prophet 1p""* rhtn but not from the descendants of the grandson the Prophet (Peace ireUpon Him) not from the Be Him) i Furthermore, thereis no evidence there is no evidence that sucha person secondgrandson's progeny Furthermore, second grandson's progeny3 that such a person will live twelvecenturies. wrll live twelve centuries. Brothersand Sisters. Shee'ah Brothers and Sisters, the Shee'ah scholars the consider the I'ma'mah concept as scholars consider I'ma'mahconcept the as an article faith equalto believing in That is, if you don't believe this, an article of faith equal to believing ALLAH. That is, if you don't believe this, then their definitionyou couldbe a Kafer (unbeliever), God forbid. On the other then by their definition you could be a Kafer (unbeliever), God forbid. On the other hand, if you believesuch with all its implications and dimensions you could be a hand, you believe suchwith all its implications drmensions couldbe a and you Kafer by the definrtron the scholars Kafer by the defimtIOn whose loyalty is only to ALLAH andthe of the scholars whose loyalty is only to ALLAH and the Prophet (peaeBerrprnHimr,a special not for dynastyor race.Make surethat you choose Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him), not for a special dynasty or race. Make sure that you choose the nght pathto paradise the nght path to paradise t Al-Tahawi,p. 557. 1 AI-Tahawi, p. 557. 2 lbn Taymiyah,Minhaj vol.l 2 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj vol. I P. 37. P. 37. t Ibn AI-Atheer, vol. 10, pp. 330-2. 3 Ibn Al-Atheer, vol. 10, pp.330-2. l5 15
  • 19. FAMILY oF THE pRopHET eo""n.uponrnm) F*rLy OF THE PROPHET (peaceBeUponIDm) The Ja'fari Shee'ahscholarsconfine"Family of the prophet(pea€B€rbmHim)" The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars confme the prophet (Peace Be Upon Himj" to Be Upon Him), Fatima , his cousin Ali - the youngest daughter of the Prophet (peae rrpd the youngest daughter of the Prophet (pea"" Be Him), Fatima, his cousin Ali- husband of Fatima, the first grandsonand the secondgrandson(who marriedthe husband of Fatima, the grandson and the second grandson married the last Iranian emperor's daughter, then Shahrbanoo) and the eight descendants of the and last kanian emperor'sdaughter,then Shahrbanoo) the eight descendants the of second gtandsonfrom his Persian 1 'lt is one of the essential secondgrandson from his Persian wife.l Khomeinisaid: 'It is one the essential wife. Khomeini said: beliefs of Shee'ah school that no one can attainthe spiritual status of Imam (Ali beliefs Shee'ah school that no one can attain the spiritualstatusofImam and his descendants), not even the close angels or the prophets who are also and his descendants), not even the close angels the prophets are also messengers of God'2. Shee'ahscholarsbelieve that the leadership of the whole messengers God,2. Shee'ah scholars believe that the leadership the whole Muslim Ummah is confined only to the twelve Imams.Thereforethey neglectthe Ummah confinedonly the twelve Imams. Therefore they neglect the accomplishments and the virtues cast cardinal accusations againstthe rest of accomplishments and the virtuesof or castcardinalaccusations against the rest the prophet's 1p""o upm family and Companions, unlessthey are provento the the prophet's (Peace Be Him) Be Upon Him) family and Companions, unless they are proven the Shee'ah scholars to have demonstrated Shee'ah scholars (This can be further have demonstrated strong support to Ali. (This can be further strongsupport sources Islamichrstory, for example corroborated by reading any of the Shee'ah sources in Islamic hIstOry, for example corroborated readingany the Shee'ah Tabatabai, Ali Shariati, Ibn Abi al-hadid, etc.). Tabatabai, Shariati, AIi Ibn al-hadid,etc.). "Ahl-al the family the Prophet (peaeB€ The Muslim scholars consider "Ahl-al Bait" the family of the Prophet (Pea""Be The Muslim scholars consider Upon Him) as as his relatives who cannotreceivecharity.This includesthe Prophet r}q Him) all his relatives who cannot receive charity. This includes the Prophet @ee Be Him), rtom Abbas and their posterity,3 wrves the Prophet@eaeBe (peace Be Upon Him), Ali, Aqil, Abbas and their posterity,3 the wives of the Prophet (pea""Be the Upon Him) are members of his family, ALLAH Says in the Holy Qur'an: "And stay in rlo rrim) members his family, ALLAH Says the are Qur'an: stay yoar houses and do not display yourselveslike that ofthe times ofignorance, your houses do display yourselves ofthe times and perform regular prayers (As-Salat), and give charity (Zakat) , and obey perform (As-Salat), (Zakat) obey ALLAH and his Messenger. ALLAH wishes only to remove Ar-Rijs ( evil deeds ALI-/IH Messenger.ALLAH wishes removeAr-Rijs deeds and sin, ect) fromyou, 0 members ofthefamity ofthe Prophet (peace Be Upon Him)" sin, ecl) from you, O membersof thefamily of the Prophet @eaceBerJpon*im)ee and to purfu you with a thorough purification.'4, not only that, but all the purify thorough purification. ,,4, not only that, but all the Prophet'swives are the mothers the believers, ALLAH Saysin the Prophet's wives are the mothers of the believers, ALLAH Says in the Holy Qur'an: Qur'an: " The Prophet is closer to the believers than their ownselves, and his wives are " The Prophet closer the believersthan ownselves, wives are their (believers~ mothers (as regards respect and marriage)....... ,,5. (believers') mothers (as regards respect marriage) The majority the Muslim scholars consider thosewho believethat some The majority of the Muslim scholars consider those who believe that some (unbeliever). Muslim scholars human beings are better than the Prophets as Kafir (unbeliever). Muslim scholars human beings are betterthan the Prophets as hold respect the whole family the Prophet for (peaaBerlmnim; in general. hold respect for the whole family of the Prophet (Pea"" Be Upon Him) in general. t Ash-Sheerazee pp. 13-19. I pp. Ash-sheerazee l3-19. 2Khomeni, translation, Algar, p. 64 & PSG p. 25. 2 Khomeni,translation,Algar, p 64 PSGp. 25 3Muslim, vol. 2, pp. 517-21 & vol. 4, pp. 1286-7. 3 Muslim, vol. 2,p. 517-21& vol. 4, pp. 1286-7 o Holy Qur'an: chapter33 verse33. 4 Holy Qur'an: chapter 33 verse 33. t S Holy qur'an: chaper 33 verse6. Holy Qur'an: chapter 33 verse 6. 16 l6
  • 20. The Prophet rp* BcUpm Hin),in a HADEETH reported by Muslimt1 while Prophet (Peaao Be rl' Him), HADEETH reported Muslim commandingMuslims to stick to the Holy Qur'an as a sourceof.guidance, commanding Muslims the Qur'an as source ofguidance, also also asked them to be kind to his family. Muslim scholarsalso preserved high status asked them family. scholars also preserved a high status the Companions of the Prophet {Peaao Be Upm Him), the chosen soldiers ofIslam. 2 for all the Companions the Prophet@wBcrlorrim), chosensoldiersof Islam.2 of the Brothers and Sisters, being Muslims, could we really neglect the other Brothers and Sisters, being Muslims, could really neglect the other daughters the Prophet@eeBcrloHin), relativesand their descendants daughters of the Prophet (peace Be Upon Him), his relatives and of descendants who were were excellent confine the the Prophet<Peace Be Upm Him) to just excellent muslims? Could we confinethe family of the Prophetrp**B€r&aHim) muslims? Could just ones as selected by Shee'ah Scholars? Could we really love only a few and a few onesas selected Shee'ahScholars? Could really love and curse the other tens of thousandsof the early generation Islam?What about curse the other tens of thousands the early generation of Islam? What about of Othman,who was marriedto the two daughters the Prophetrp**B€rD@Hin)had Othman, was married the daughters of the Prophet<Peace Be Upon Him) and had of and a son from one of them? What about the descendants Hassan , the eldest a son from one them? What about the descendants of Hassan, the eldest grandson of the Prophet (pcae q* ni-i? Don't you think Ali and his pious grandson the Prophet (peace Be Him)? Be Upm Ali and his pious descendants would be among the fust to condemntheseconcepts the Shee'ah descendants be among the first condemn these concepts of the Shee' ah scholars? scholars? t Muslim, vol. 4,p. 1 Muslim, vol. 4, p. 12879. 12879. 2 The Virhres of the Companions,in Al-Bukhari&Muslim. 2 The Virtues of the Companions, in Al-Bukhari&Muslim. 17 l7
  • 21. COMPANIONS oF THE PR.PHET (PBUH) C'MPANI'NS OF PROPHET (PBUH) The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars claim that the first and the secondguided The Ja'fari Shee'ah scholars claim the fIrst and the second guided Ca'lee'phahs, Abu Bakr and Omar plotted againstIslam and tried to eliminatethe Ca'lee'phahs, and Omar plotted against Islam and eliminate the HADEETH so that they could interpretthe Holy Qur'an such so they could interpret the in such a way as to serve as serve their purposes. The Shee'ah scholars also claim that the three first guided their purposes. The Shee'ah scholars also claim the three fIrst guided Ca'lee'phahs 'Broke Ca'lee'phahs 'Broke their covenantwith the prophet(peaeBetbmHin)changedhis covenant the prophet (Peace Be Upoo Him) and changed and SU'N'AH'.I They divide the thousandsof the Prophet'scompanions into three SU'N'AH,.I They divide the thousands the Prophet's companions three into categories; 2 categories,2 1. The Companions l. The Companions whom the Shee'ah scholars like, who are lessthan ten. whom the Shee'ah scholars like, who are less than ten. 2. The worst elements (among these was Abdullah bin Omar who reported 2. The worst elements (among these was Abdullah Omar reported numerous true HADEETHs). numerous true HADEETHs). 3. Those who sold their Honors (amongthesewere Abu Hurayra,Abu Darda and 3. Those sold their Honors (among these were Hurayra, Darda and Abu Musal-Ashaari. All reported many true HADEETHs). Musal-Ashaari. reported manytrue HADEETHs). One the official newspapers then, after describingthe Prophet(peaeBeL[m One of the official newspapers then, after describing the Prophet (Peace Be Upoo Him) as having singled out his son-in-law unjustly with special parts of the Islamic Hin)as having singled out his son-in-lawunjustly specialparts the Islamic Message, assures that "most the Prophet's (peaeBeLpruHim) generation not have did Message, assures that "most of the Prophet's (Peace Be Upon Him) generation did not have the religious issues that the prophet (peae up.-ni-; B€ a clear picture even of the religious issues that the prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) had a clear picture even had practiced hundreds of times before their eyes and within reach of their hearing. 3 practicedhundreds times before their eyesand within reach their hearing.s Specifically, a Shee'ah scholar mentions ''... Abdul Rahman Ibn Ouf, a worshipper Specifically, a Shee'ah scholar mentions ... Abdul Rahman Ouf, a worshipper Ibn Khalid Ibn Walid; and SaiedIbn of money; the aristocrat, Othman; the careless Khalid Ibn Walid; and Saied Ibn money; the aristocrat,Othman; the careless 4 Vaqas,as a manwithoutpiety'.0 Vaqas, as a man without piety' . The Muslim scholarssay that the greatcompanions trustworthy and are are The Muslim scholars say that the great companions are trustworthy and are reliable sources - all of them deserve high respect. 5 ALLAH has praIsed the great reliable sources all them deserve high respect.s haspratsed great the 6 Qur'an saying: "You are the best of peoples" "The Companions in the Holy Qur'an saying: "You are the best ofpeoples" 6 "The Companionsin the Islam), the Jirst whoforsooktheir homes (Al-Muhaiirin) andof Vanguard (of Islam), the first who forsook their homes (AI-Muhajirin) and of Vanguard those who gave them (Al-Ansar) and also whofollow them good deeds. those who gave them aid (AI-Ansar) and also who follow them in all good deeds. ALLAH" is pleased with them as they are with Him. For them He prepared ALI"/IH pleased them as they them gardens under which riversflow to dwelt thereinforever".T "Mohammed is the gardens under which rivers flow to dwell therein forever". 7;; "Mohammed is the t Al-Askari, 3+s. p. 1 Al-Askari, p. 34-8. t The Ministry of Islamic Guidancein lran, pp. 28-30. 2 The Ministry of Islamic Guidance in Iran, pp. 28-30. 'Al-Jehad,No. 56 3 Al-Jehad, No. 56 4Shariati, p. 207 4 shadati, p. 207 5 Ibn Taymiyah, vot. I p. 307 3 Ibn Tayrniyah, vol. I p. 307 6 Holy qur'an: 6 Holy Qur'an: cp.apter 3 verse IIlo clrapter3 versel 0 t Holy Qur'an: chapter 9 verse I 00 7 Holy qur'an: chapter9 versel00 t8 18
  • 22. Apostle of and with and Apostle of God and those who are with each other. You see them bow ond prostrate themselves (in prayu) seehing grace from God and (His) good prostrate themselves prayer) seeking from and good 1 In a reliable HADEETH the Prophets** B€ Hin)said: 'The best of my reliable the Prophe1:(peace Be upm Upoo Him) said: 'The best of followers are those century'.2 followers are thoseliving in my century'.2 The scholars have doubt that the Prophet (Pe;lce Be Upoo Him) conveyed The Muslim scholarshaveno doubt that the ProphetGeaeBcrbcorrim) conveyed message without any discriminationor bias for his son-in-lawor any one elseof his message any discrimination bias son-in-law anyone else of the companions.The great Companions were in general, more knowledgeable the companions. The great Companions were general, more knowledgeable about the Islamic teachings.Among the non-relatives the prophet@eacBerloHin), about the Islamic teachings. the non-relatives of the prophet (peace Be Upoo Him), of there were many were more knowledgeable than Ali or the other relativesof there were many who were more knowledgeable than Ali the other relatives of spite the forged Shee'ah scholars. 3 the Prophet (peaceBeUpooHim), in spite of the HADEETH forged by Shee'ahscholars.3 the Prophet(peaeBerporlm; those Companions who havebeenslandered the Shee'ahscholars Among thoseCompanions have been slandered by the Shee'ah scholars are those who have beentold that they were the peopleof paradise. are those have been that they were the people paradise. Among them them also are thoseto whom the Prophet(Peace Be Upro Him) said: 'May my mother and father also are those the Prophet 1reaeBerlmniml 'May said: mother and father be sacrificed that the ProphetreaeBerlmrriml is from them and they are be sacrificed for you' or that the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) is from them and they are from him. from him. there are hundredsaboutwhom the ProphetGwBc Among those companions there are hundreds about whom the Prophet (Peace Be Among thosecompanions 'None loves them but a believer and non hatesthem a hypocrite'. Upoo Him) said: 'None loves them but a believerand non hates them but a hypocrite'. u* n-l said: love are excluded.For thesekinds Certainly, the blind, biased and exaggerated love are excluded. For these kinds of Certainly, the blind, biasedand exaggerated shouldratherbe identifiedas hatred.If therewere disagreements amonga "Love" should rather be identified as hatred. If there were disagreements among a Companionsbased on a difference legal opinions(Ijtehad), should few Companions based on a difference of legal opinions (Ijtehad), we should not indulge in judging their personal deeds, for ALLAH condemns such acts; i.e. latter indulge judging their personal deeds, ALLAH condemns for suchacts;i.e. latter judging the deeds the earlierones. ones judging the deeds of the earlier ones. ones ln the Qur'an says: was nation has passedaway. They [n the Holy Qur'an it says: "That was a nation who has passed away. They receive the of what they earned, and you ofwhat you earned, And shall receive the reward ofwhat they earned, andyou of what earned, you will not be asked ofwhat they used to do"?4 will be askedof what they used to do"?a Brothers and sisters,do you believe who plainly states that He is Brothers and sisters, do you believe ALLAH who plainly states that He is pleased the Companions the Prophet(peaeBeupmnim) Shee'ahscholars or the pleased with the Companions of the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) or the Shee'ah scholars who honor just afew Companions curseand accuse thousands others. who honor just a few Companions and curse and accuse thousands of others. Be and Be paradiseand not function unintentionallyas an agent sure to find the right way to paradise and not function unintentionally as an agent sure to find the right way to the enemies'of Islam who are trying to destroy the Holy Qur'an and the of the enemies· of Islam who are trying to destroy the Holy Qur' an and the 'Ifyouseeaperson HADEETH. Remember that Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal said: 'If you see a person HADEETH. Remember that Imam Ahmad binHanbalsaid: accusing the companions the Prophet(peaeBertomHimr. the right to doubt you have accusing the companions of the Prophet (Peace Be Up= Him). you have the right to doubt his Islam' his Islam' 1 ' Holy Qur'an: chapter 48 verses 18-29. Holy Qur'an: chapter48 verses18-29. 'Al-Bukhari, vol. 5, p.2. 2 A1-Bukhari, vol. 5, p.2. ' Ibn Taymiyah,Minhaj vol. 3, pp. 116-73. 3 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj vol. 3, pp. 116-73. aHoly Qur'an: chapter 2 verses 134. 4Holy qur'an: chapter2 verses134. t9 19
  • 23. Rahwaih and Imam Malik gave the verdict that whosoever accusesthe Rahwaih and Malik gave whosoever accuses Taymiyah and Razi said: 'Whoever questions companions shouldbe punished.Ibn Taymiyahand Razi said: 'Whoever questions companions should be punished. the good faith of the companions "Zindeeq" and unbeliever'. the good of the companions is "Zindeeq" and unbeliever'. Ibn Hajar Al-Haithami and Imam Shaifeeare of the opinion, that w?roever Al-Haithami and Shaifee are of whoever hates the companions is an unbeliever. Al-gadi abu Ya'ala concludedthat the hates the companions an unbeliever. abu concluded that the majority of Muslim scholars have madea consensus whoever disgraces majority of scholars have made consensus that whoever disgraces and that and accuses a Companion believingthat the Companion deserves disgracing becomesa accuses Companionbelieving that the Companiondeserves disgracingbecomes Kafer (unbeliever) but if he doesnot believethat the companion deserves it then he Kafer (unbeliever) ifhe does believe that the companiondesOrves then he committed serioussin (a Faseq).l committed a serious sin (a Faseq).r I 1 Abu Mu'awiyah Muhammad, pp. 11-13,25 and 62. Abu Mu'awiyah Muhammad,pp. I l-13, 25 and 62. 20 20
  • 24. T UQ'YAH (SHIELDING) Tno,YAH ('HTELDTNG) The Ja'afari scholars say that: 'TUe'yAH comprises ninetenths of the The Ja'afari scholars say that: 'TUQ'YAH comprises ninetenths of the religion of ALLAH and whoever does not use TUe'yAH has no religion. religion of ALLAH and whoever does not use TUQ'YAH has no religion. TUQ'YAH is to be usedin everythingexceptin declaringthe prohibition of wine TUQ'YAH is to be used in everything except in declaring the prohibition of wine and the rubbing of socks in wudu'.r TUe'yAH means pretend doingor and the rubbing of socks in WUdU,.1 TUQ'YAH means to pretend by doing or to by saying exactly the opposite of what you believeor feel, e.g.to pretend be nice saying exactly the opposite of what you believe or feel, e.g. to pretend to be nice to while cursingthe personin the heartwithout a present 2 while cursing the person in the heart without a present danger. danger.2 The specific purpose of TUQ'YAH is the 'preservationof Islamandthe The specific purpose of TUQ'YAH is the 'preservation of Islam and the Shee'ahschool of thought; if the peoplehad not resorted it, our schoolwould Shee'ah school of thought; if the people had not resorted to it, our school would to have been destroyed'3, i.e., to the Shee'ahscholars. have been destroyed,3, i.e., to the Shee'ah scholars, TUQ'YAH could be used TUe'yAH couldbe used with non-shee'ah, including Muslims, to preserve the shee'ah Faith. The with non-Shee'ah, including Muslims, to preserve the Shee'ah Faith. The prominent Shee'ah scholarTabatabai prominent Shee'ah scholar Tabatabai says that Shee'ah TUQ'YAH is based on the saysthat Shee'ah TUQ'YAH is basedon the versesfrom the Holy Qur'an that say: "Let not the believers take the disbelievers verses from the Holy Qur'an that say'."Let the believerstake the disbelievers as (supporters,helpers, etc.)insteadofthebelievers,andwhoeverdoes as Auliya (supporters, helpers, etc.) instead ofthe believers, and whoever does never be helped by ALLAH that will never be helped by ALLAH in any way, except you indeedfear a danger any way, exceptyou danger from them...".4',"vl/hover disbelieved ALLAH after his betief, except ftom them... ". 4; "Whover disbelieved in ALLAH after his belief, except him who who thereto whose is forced thereto and whose heart is at rest with Faith... ".5 rest Faith...,'.5 The Qur'an alsoassures that pretending believedifferentlyfrom The Holy Qur'an also assures us that pretending to believe differently from us to what is our hearts iS the distinguished characteristic hypocritesand what is in our hearts is the distinguished characteristic of hypocrites and it condemns that. ALLAH says in the Holy eur'an. ,And when they meet those condemnsthat. ALLAH says in the Holy Qur'an: "And when they meetthose believe they say 'We believe'. who believe they say 'We believe'.But when they are alone with their Shaytan when they alone Shaytan (devil'polytheist, hyprocrites,etc.), they say: "Truly we arc with you... ,'.6 (devil- polytheist, hyprocrites, etc.), they say: "Trary we are ".6 ALLAH also says: "Do yoa (aithfull believers)covet that they will believe ALLAH also says: you (faithfull believers) covet they will believe in your religion inspite of thefact that a party of them (Iewish rabbis) used to your of fact party ofthem (Jewish rabbis) used hear the liltord of ALLAH [the Taurat (Torah)J, then they used to change it Word of ALLAH [the (Torah)}, it lrnowingly after they understood it? "And when thq (Jewg meet thoseiho knowingly understood "And when they (Jews) those who believe (Muslims) what ALLAH has revealed to you pews, about description believe (Muslims) what ALLAH you [Jews, and the qualities of Prophet Muhammad|peaceBeLponHi^) and the qualities ofProphet Muhammad(peace Be Upon Him) thatwhich are writeen in that which are writeen in ' 1 Al-Kafr, AL-Usool, vol. 2, pp 217-9 Al-Kati, AL-Usool, vol. 2, pp 217-9. ' Al-Kafi 2 Al-Kati A.l-frua, vol. 3 pp. 188-9. Al-frua, vol. 3 pp. 188-9. 3 Khomeini p. 144. 3 Khomeini p. 144. o 4 Holy qur'an: chapter3 verse28. Holy Qur'an: chapter 3 verse 28. 'Holy qur'an: 5 Holy Qur'an: chapter 16verse106. chapter 16 verse 106. t qur'an: chapterzverse 14. 6Holy Qur'an: chapter 2 verse 14. Holy 21 21
  • 25. Taurat(Torah), that they (Muslim) nay argue wtth you (Jants)then no Taurat(Torah), they (Muslim) nay argue with you (Jews) then understanding?".! understanding?".r ALLAH also says:"Lo! you are the oneswho lovethembut theyloveyou also says: "Lol are the ones who love them they love not, and you believe in all the Scriptures[te. you believein the Taarat(Torah) not, believe all Scriptures [i.e. believe Taurat(Torah) and the Injee(Gospel), while they disbelievein your Book, the Qar'anJ.And the Injeel(Gospel), they disbelieve Book, Qur'anJ. And when they meet you, theysay, "We believe".Btttwhen they are alone,they bite when they meet they say, "We believe". But when they alone, they bite the tips of their Jingers at you in rage Say: "Perish in your tage. Certainly, the tips of fingers rage. Say:"Pefish rage. Certainly, ALI-/IH knows what is in the breast(alt the secrets)."2 ALLAH knows Therefore, ALLAH has the breast (all the secrets).,,2 Therefore, ALLAH has prepared for the hypocrites severe punishment. "They shall be in the lowest prepared the hypocritesseverepunishment. for "They be the lowest depthsof the ftre, no helperswilt you Jind for them".3 SoMuslimscholars depths of the fire, helpers will find for them".3 So Muslim scholars considerthat pretending opposite whatyou hideis lying,whichis a form of consider that pretending the opposite of what you hide is lying, which is a form the hypocrisy, the Prophet (peace Be Him) said: 'The signs a hypocrite are three: hypocrisy, for the Prophet (peae upmrrim) 'The signsof ahypocrite are three: Be Upon said: whenever he speaks he tells a lie, when ever he promiseshe alwaysbreaksit and whenever he speaks he tells lie, when ever he promises he always breaks and he abuses the trust given him ... ' a The basic rule therefore, that pretending one he abuses trust given to him...' 4 The basicrule therefore,is that pretendingone the thing and hiding another hypocrisy and condemned the Islamic teachings. thing and hiding another is hypocrisy and is condemned by the Islamic teachings. The case mentioned chapter verse28 the Qur'an above applicable the The case mentioned in chapter 3 verse 28 of the Qur'an above is applicable in the case non-believers under special cases, i.e., a Muslim cannotapply case of non-believers ONLY under special cases, i.e., a Muslim cannot apply it 5 Qur'an is applicable against a Muslim. Chapter 16 verse 106 of the Holy Qur' an is applicable only againsta Muslim.5 Chapter 16 verse 106 the only faces a situation similarto the situationofthe great Companion when a Muslim faces a situation similar to the situation of the great Companion when a Ammar when he had to choose between dying under torture like his parents Ammar when he had choose between dying under torture his parents pretending be unbeliever tongue.Thesecasesare not the basicrule but rather pretending to be unbeliever by tongue. These cases are not the basic rule but rather exceptions,let alonethe basis nine-tenths the Islamic religion. Brothersand exceptions, let alone the basis for nine-tenths of the Islamic religion. Brothers and sisters, give a thought what would happenif Muslims were to believethat nine- sisters, give it a thought - what would happen if Muslims were to believe that nine- tenths the whole religion lies Which is meansthat pretending tenths of the whole religion lies in TUQ'YAH? Which is means that pretending different from our true belief and feelingsis nine times as importantas all what· is different from our true belief and feelings is nine times as important as all what Could you ever trust a Muslim if this were the case?Can we the Islamic teachings? Could you ever trust a Muslim if this were the case? Can we the Islamic teachings? really take our guidance and religiousknowledgefrom scholarswho believethat really take our guidance and religious knowledge from scholars who believe that deception is nine-tenths his religion?Is right to accepthis non-religiousviews deception is nine-tenths of his religion? Is it right to accept his non-religious views as representingthe truth? If a personconsiders lying aboutALLAH, His Prophet as representing the truth? If a person considers lying about ALLAH, His Prophet (peac rdmHi-l and the Muslims as essential Be part of his beliefs order to servehis (peace Be uPon Him) and the Muslims as essential part ofhis beliefs in order to serve his biased goals, can we trust him? Therefore, if you really want success in the biased goals, can we trust him? Therefore, you really want success the the manyargumentsof Shee'ah hereafter or in the eternal life, be cautious of the many arguments of Shee'ah hereafter or in the etemal life, be cautious quotationsand references. scholars which are based on distorted or forged quotations and references. scholarswhich are baseddn distortedor forged I Holy qur'an: chapter2verses75-77 1 Holy Qur'an: chapter 2 verses 75-77 2 Holy 2 Holy Qur'an: chapter 3 verse 119. Qur'an: chaper 3 verse I19. ' Holy Qur'an: chapter 4 verse 145. 3 Holy Qur'an: chapter4 verse 145. oAl-Bukhari, vol, 1. p. 31, Muslim vol. 4, p. 1374. 4 Al-Bukhari, vol, l p. 31, Muslim vol. 4,p. 1374. 3' Ibn Taymiyah,Minhaj., vol l. p. 213 and vol. 3 p.259'260. Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj., vol 1. p. 213 and vol. 3 pp. 259-260. 22 22
  • 26. remember that chapter3 verse28 of the Holy Qur'an is not Our Dearslet us remember Dears chapter verse of Holy only an exception, but rathrer a restricted exception.Not only is it forbidden to be exception, restricted exception. Not it used againstMuslims but it also prohibitsus to lie upon others.It meansthat if you used against also prohibits upon others. It means if oppose certain behaviours and you are in a situation where admission oppose behaviours are situation where admission would endangerIslam or the Muslim community, you may chooseto remain silent but endanger Islam community, choose remain silent 1 must avoid lying. you must avoid lying.l I Ibn Taymiyah, Minh4i., 1 Ibn Taymiyah, Minhaj., vol. p. 213 and Ibn Katheer, Tafseer. vol. p. 213 and Ibn Katheer, Tafseer. 23 23