research on Psychology

Table Of Contents.
Contents Pages
Introduction...................................................................................... 1-3
Literature Review........................................................................... 4-6
Methodology.................................................................................... 7-8
Data Analysis ....................................................................................... 9-13
Graph Charts........................................................................................

Introduction
The process of assisting students and providing accurate informations and asistants
which is helpful to guiding students throught the right path is, making use of the right
language for effective communicationwith the students which can be done through
effective communication skills which can better help the students to get the right
answer to their questions which can be very much helpful to students and to their
irrational doubts about different issues which they are being faced in their daily
life.Understanding communication and information behaviors of human being in this
comupter age is a process to help every organization in designing effective and
efficient information systems and services has been an important research topic
sincethe 1960s (There are few influential writings on scientific communication:
Dervin & Nilan,1986; Garvey, 1971; Ingwersen, 2001; Tenopir & King, 2004).
There are also different in the information seeking age of different generation as
shown in the background below.
Information Seeking Behavior and the Generations

Importants of Effective Communication.
Generation Traditionals
(Silents, Veterans)
Boomers X-ers Millenials
(Nexters)
Approximate dates of birth 1922-1943 (Pre-
WWII)
1943-1960 1961-1980 1981-1999
Characteristics that influence
information seeking • Accustomed to
top-down flow of
information
• Formal
• Learning
environment that is
stable
• Formal feedback
• Interactive and
non- authoritarian
• Highly
independent
• Entrepreneur
• Comfortable with
change
• Raised with
instant access
• Want frequent,
immediate
feedback
• Self-directed
• Sample and learn
by doing
• Not attracted to
classroom
• Globally
concerned
• Diverse
• Cyberliterate
• Media savvy
• Collaborative
• Multitaskers
• Teamwork
• Technology
• Multi-media

Effective communication helps us better understand a person or situation and enables
us to resolve differences, build trust and respect, and create environments where
creative ideas, problem solving, affection, and caring can flourish. As simple as
communication seems, much of what we try to communicate to others—and what
others try to communicate to us—gets misunderstood, which can cause conflict and
frustration in personal and professional relationships. In the information age, we have
to send, receive, and process huge numbers of messages every day. But effective
communication is about more than just exchanging information; it's also about
understanding the emotion behind the information. Effective communication can
improve relationships at work, and in social situations by deepening your connections
to others and improving how we seek information and decision-making, and problem
solving. It enables us to communicate even negative or difficult messages without
creating conflict or destroying trust. Effective communication combines a set of skills
including nonverbal communication, attentive listening, the ability to provide accurate
information that is needed in our everyday life both at work and our social life.and the
capacity to recognize and understand your own emotions and those of the person
you’re communicating with.
Effective communication can be used to provide the right information to anyone. We
need effective communication for us to make convience people of what we are
actually talking about.or the information we are trying to pass to people.
RQ(1): What kind of Student Affair Environment do the students feel they need
most?

RQ(2): How do Local and International students seek, gather, and evaluate
information?
Literature Review

(1) Literature focus on how to provide students with important information-and
assistance that is helpful to students throughout their study on campus (e.g., Lin, 1994;
Griggs and Dunn, 1996; Grant, 1999; Liestman, 2000; Wang and Frank, 2002). Much
of the information is found in the Student Affair Office. The majority of this article
will focus on the barriers of communication between students and their challenges
when using Student Affair Office (see Kumar and Suresh, 2000; Chattoo, 2000; Wang
and Frank, 2002).
Trends in the literature focus on how to provide students with important information-
and assistance that is helpful to students throughout their study on campus. Another
major trend in the literature focuses on the different perceptions of information that is
provided at the Student Affair office and available information services between the
students from none English speaking countries. Researchers (e.g., Griggs and Dunn,
1996; Grant, 1999; Liestman, 2000; Wang and Frank, 2002) believe most of the
students may not be fully aware of the readily available Information at the Student
Affair Office; therefore, they usually underutilize the assistance.
(2) Underutilization of Student Affair Office. Due to lack of Communication
barrier; Data from a series of focus groups indicate that students may not be fully
aware of the readily available assistance and information that can be provided to them
at the Student’s Affair Office As a result of this, a lot of the students tend to under use
available information at the Student Affair Office Several factors may contribute to
this underutilization. A focus group research by Wang and Frank (2002) identify that
a lot of students tend to be unfamiliar with the organization and mission of Student
Affair Office. And some of the students will be too shy to confront any one with their
challenges on campus because of their culture.

International students; may not be as skilled with the various information
technologies that are understood and used routinely by others. Some feel intimidated
by these technologies, but do not ask for professional assistance. Other students are
not familiar with some information that is widely available. Even if they have used the
Student Affair Office at their home countries, they used different language versions
(Griggs and Dunn, 1996; Grant, 1999).
(3) Culture Differences
Cultures are complex and diverse. There are individual, organizational, and national
cultures. Edgar H. Schein (2001) defines culture as the pattern of basic assumptions
that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its
problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that have worked well
enough to be considered valid, and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the
correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems (125). Cultures
are also characterized by shared values, including the basic assumptions that influence
these values. Additionally, cultures are defined by collective characteristics with both
5 tangible and intangible attributes. Individuals in the culture or group will
occasionally differ or vary on the cultural continuum, but the overall group tends to be
harmonious as a collective entity (Lenartowicz and Roth, 2002). Basically, a culture
or community shares a set of common experiences and values that shape perceptions
of other cultures or communities, including academic Affairs Simply stated, culture is
central to what we see, how we make sense of what we see, and how we express
ourselves (Dupraw and Axner, 2002).
An individual’s culture affects his or her attitudes, behaviors, practices, and values.
One’s sense of what is ethical, unethical, good, bad, appropriate, or inappropriate is
influenced dramatically by one's culture. Attitudes toward life, work, or family will

vary from one culture to another. Specific cultures determine or influence physical
proximity in conversations with others, the ability to make direct eye contact in
conversations, how they express feelings of happiness or frustration, and other basic
behaviors (Liu and Redfern, 1999; Lu, 2001).
Communication Styles
Verbal language is not the only mode of communication. Approximately 70 percent of
communication is conveyed via non-verbal techniques (Wang and Frank, 2002). They
claim that facial expressions, physical gestures, posture, eye contact, and voice pitch
or volume constitute 6 important elements of nonverbal communication. Because
cultures view or use nonverbal signals differently, the chances for cultural
miscommunication are great (211).
Many researchers have studied the aspect of body language as it applied to behavior
during reference interview (see Brundin, 1989; Axtell, 199l; Lopaz, 1994).
Communication in the reference interview is heavily influenced by the physical
distance maintained between the School Managements and the patron, by their
posture, head nods, facial expressions, and gestures and whether or not they look at
each other, as well as the volumes of their voices, accents and reflection patterns
(Brundin, 1989).
Different cultures have different concepts of personal space, including the sensations
of spaciousness, crowdedness, privacy, and appropriate distances, which can be a
major issue during a reference interview. Lopaz (1994) states that people from
different cultures use space differently and experience it differently. Culture can
determine perception. The amount of physical space required for social distance is

much less in Asian societies, While for International Students, they might require a
closer distance to feel safe and to be able to express their feelings.
According my observation which i observe from the internation students during this
survey of this research, I was made to understand from the international student point
of view that they will prefer to do take care of their own problem by themselves
instead of contacting the school. But should the situation get out of hand it’s only then
that they will involve the school to help them find solution , But anything apart from
that, they will be willing to deal with their own problems and challenges themselves.
Most of them said because they have heard to deal with problems and chellenges
themselve and few of them said they will not be comfortable to talk to strangers
because they are scared of being judged.
Methodology.
For this research report, In-depth Survey Questionnaire which close and open ended
questions was given to 15 local students and 15 SInternational students. To conduct
investigation On what is important to them on campus as a student at the Department
of Student Affairs, SEGi College Subang Jaya. This Survey Questionnaires are

conducted to what is really important to the students and how to make those things
available within the campus.Quantitative data will is used . Quantitative data are datas
which are represented by numbers that can be analyzed with widely available
describtive and interferential statistical instruments.The survey questions was given to
student and it was returned within the duration of (7) working days which gave the
students enough time to look through the questions before providing answers.There
was no issue of condifentiality because the students are not required to fill their names
or age in the questionaires.
Matherials.
The materials used in conducting this research are in the form of questionaire. The
questionaires are divided into (4 )parts. Are in form of all the (3) types of scale from
Likrt scale, to Bogardus Social Distance Scale and Semantic Differential Scale. The
(1st) part of the questionaire contains total of (5) questions which is to Identify
different age and nationalities and to check about the service that was recieved during
their visit to the office.The (2nd) part of the questionaire contains (6) questionaires
which 2 of the qestionaires are open ended questionaires and the rest of the 4
questionaires are closed ended questionaires. The (3rd) part of the questionaires
consist of 6 questionairs which the first (2) of the questionaires are open ended
questionaires and the other (4) part of the questionaires are closed ended
questionaires. The (4th) part of the questionaires consist of (3) questionaires which
first (2) parts of the questionaires is in form of closed ended questionares and the last
questionaire is a open ended questionaire. The questionaires are distributed to (30)
students; on campus which (15) of the student; are International students and the other
(15) are Local students. The answers from the questionaires will be represented in a
form of graphs.

Participants
The participants for this research consist of 30 students from SEGi College Subang
Jaya. The questionaire are given to the students of all ages,gender, local students and
International students. It took approximately a week to collect back all the
questionaires. The questions were very clear and direct so all the participants can
answer the question without holding back any informations since this survey is will
help us focus more on how to improve service and provide important asistants for the
benefit of all the students.
Sampling Method
The sampling method used in conducting this research is availability Sampling,
Availability sampling is a method of choosing subjects who are available or easy to
find. This method is also sometimes referred to as haphazard, accidental, or
convenience sampling. The primary advantage of the method is that it is very easy to
carry out, relative to other methods. A researcher can merely stand out on his/her
favorite street corner or in his/her favorite tavern and hand out surveys. One place this
used to show up often is in university courses. Years ago, researchers often would
conduct surveys of students in their large lecture courses. For example, all students
taking introductory sociology courses would have been given a survey and compelled
to fill it out. There are some advantages to this design - it is easy to do, particularly
with a captive audience, and in some schools you can attain a large number of
interviews through this method. ( Powell, Ronald R. 1997). This sampling method is
simple and easier for research to search for their paticipants since all the participants

are all students from the college. Which makes it more easier for me to explain what
the survey is all about before giving them the survey questionaires.
Table 1
Table 1 show the result obtained from the survey
Student/Characteristics Malaysian
Students
International Students
N % N %
1.Gender:
Male
Female
3
12
20%
80%
12
3
80%
20%
2. Age:
<18
19-22
23-27
28>
2
13
-
-
13.3%
87%
0
0
-
6
9
-
0
40%
60%
0

3. Marital Status:
Single
Married
Divorced
Other
15
-
-
-
100%
0
0
0
14
1
-
-
93%
6.7%
0
0
4. What services have you
received from the Student
Affairs Department?
Excellent
Good
Average
Below
Average
2
4
8
1
13.3%
27%
53%
6.7%
1
5
8
1
6.7%
33%
53%
6.7%
5. Please suggest the best way
for us to provide conducive
environment for all students of
SCSJ?
Excellent
(4)
11
-
-
73%
0
0
10
1
2
67%
6.7%
13%

Good (3)
Average
(2)
Below
Average (1)
4 27% 2 13%
Students
N % N %
6. How can we make
International students feel at
home while their stay in
Malaysia?
Excellent
(4)
Good (3)
Average
(2)
Below
Average (1)
12
-
-
3
80%
0
0
20%
13
-
2
-
87%
0
13%
0
7. In times of emergency, who
do you seek for assistance?

Student
Affairs
Faculty
International
Office
Marketing
Counter
3
12
-
-
20%
80%
0
0
2
3
10
-
13%
20%
67%
0
8. How was your experience
when seeking for assistance at
the department/office you have
identified above?
Excellent
Good
Average
Below
Average
1
6
6
2
6.7%
40%
40%
13%
-
9
4
2
0
60%
27%
13%
9. Did you attend the orientation
program?
Yes
No
15
-
100%
0
8
7
53%
47%

Students
N % N %
10. How would you rate the
orientation program?
Excellent
Good
Average
Below
Average
N/A
3
5
7
-
-
20%
33%
47%
0
0
1
6
3
2
3
6.7%
40%
20%
13%
20%
11. What would you suggest for
the improvements of the
Orientation program?
Excellent
(4)
Good (3)
Average
11
-
-
2
73%
0
0
13%
5
3
-
1
33%
20%
0
6.7%

(2)
Below
Average (1)
N/A
- 0 6 40%
12. Are you currently involved in
campus life? If so, please
describe the organizations and/or
clubs in which you are involved
Excellent
(4)
Good (3)
Average
(2)
Below
Average (1)
9
-
-
6
60%
0
0
40%
6
-
-
9
40%
0
0
60%
13. Types of events you would
like to participate/organize
Shopping Mall
Trips
Local
Entertainment
Sporting
3
4
6
2
20%
27%
40%
13%
1
1
7
6
6.7%
6.7%
47%
40%

Events
Field Trips
Students
N % N %
14. Would you be willing to help
in the planning and execution of
any of these events?
Yes
No
6
9
40%
60%
11
5
73%
33%
15. What types of talks would
you like to attend in SEGi?
Drugs/Alcohol/Substance
Abuse
Inspirational Stories and
Lives
Life after College
1
4
1
7
6.7%
27%
6.7%
47%
1
4
3
7
6.7%
27%
20%
47%

Career Talk
16. How much are you willing to
pay to join the following
activities?
SEGi Annual
Ball
Charity/Community
event
Local Trips
Sporting
Events
<50-->8
>50-->5
<50--
>10
>50-->0
<50-->9
>50-->6
<50-->8
>50-->0
53%
33%
67%
0
60%
40%
53%
0
<50-->1
>50-->2
<50-->4
>50-->1
<50-->5
>50-->3
<50-->4
>50-->0
6.7%
13%
27%
6.7%
33%
20%
27%
20%
17. Are you aware of the Career
Services Unit under the Student
Affairs Department?
Yes
5
10
33%
67%
6
9
40%
60%

No
Students
N % N %
18. What kind of services
would you like to perceive from
Career Service Unit?
Advising/Counseling
Career
Development
Programs
Others
7
5
-
47%
33%
0
5
10
33%
67%
19. As a result of your
experience with us, what service-
related improvements would you
recommend
Excellent (4)
9
-
60%
0
9
3
60%
20%

Good (3)
Average (2)
Below
Average (1)
2
4
13%
27%
2
1
13%
6.7%
20. Other feedback and
suggestions for improvements
Excellent (4)
Good (3)
Average (2)
Below
Average (1)
7
-
2
6
47%
0
13%
40%
6
1
-
8
40%
6.7%
0
53%
Diagram 1

Diagram 2
Gender
Number of Malaysian Students
Male
Female
Gender
Number of International Students
Male
Female

Diagram 3
Diagram 4
Age
<18
19-22
23-27
28>
Age
<18
19-22
23-27
28>

Diagram 5
Diagram 6
Marital Status
Single
Married
Divorced
Others
Marital Status
Single
Married
Divorced
Others

Diagram 7
Nationality
Number of Students
Malaysian
International

In times of emergency, who do you seek for assistance?
Diagram 8
Diagram 9
Student Affairs
Faculty
International Office
Marketing Counter

Types of events you would like to participate/organize?
Diagram 10
Diagram 11
Student Affairs
Faculty
International Office
Marketing Counter
Shopping mall trips
Local entertainment
Sporting events
Field trips

What types of talks would you like to attend in SEGi?
Diagram 12
Diagram 13
Shopping mall trips
Local entertainment
Sporting events
Field Trips
Drugs/Alcohol?Substance Abuse
Inspirational stories and lives
Life after college
Career talk

What kind of services would you like to perceive from Career Service Unit?
Diagram 14
Drugs/Alcohol/Substance Abuse
Inspirational stories and lives
Life after college
Career talk
Advising/Counseling
Career Development Programs

Diagram 15
These diagrams shows the analysis obtained for questions 5, 9 & 11
Advising/Counseling
Career Developmet Programs

Diagram 16:
Diagram 17
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Excellent Good Average Below
Average
NumberofMalaysianStudents
What services have you
Affairs Departments?
How was your experience
when seeking for assistance at
the department/office you
have identified above?
How would you rate the
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Excellent Good Average Below
Average
N/A
NumberofInternationalStudents
What services have you
Affairs Department?
How was your experience when
seeking for assistance at the
department/office you have
identified above?
How would you rate the

These diagrams shows the analysis obtained for questions 10, 15 and 18
Diagram 18:
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No
Are you aware of the Career
Affairs Department?
47.00% 53.00%
Would you be willing to help in
the planning and execution of
any of these events?
40.00% 60.00%
Did you attend the orientation
program?
100.00% 0.00%
NumberofMalaysianStudents

Diagrams 20 & 21 shows the analysis obtained for questions 6, 7, 12, 13 & 20
Diagram 20:
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Yes No
Did you attend the orientation
program?
53.00% 47.00%
Would you be willing to help in
the planning and execution of any
of these events?
73.00% 33.00%
Are you aware of the Career
Affairs Department?
40.00% 60.00%
NumberofInternationalStudents

Diagram 21:
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Excellent(4) Good(3) Average(2) Below
Average (1)
NumberofMalaysianStudents Other feedback and suggestions
for improvements
As a result of your experience
with us, what service-related
improvements would you
recommend?
Are you currently involved in
campus life on campus? If so,
please describe the
organizations and/or clubs in
which you are involved?
What would you suggest for the
improvements of the
How can we make international
students feel at home while
their stay in Malaysia?
Please suggest the best way for
us to provide conducive
environment for all studens of
SCSJ?

These diagrams shows the analysis obtained for question 17
Diagram 22
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Excellent
(4)
Good (3) Average
(2)
Below
Average
(1)
N/A
NumberofInternationalStudents Other feedback and suggestions
for improvements
As a result of your experience
with us, what service-related
improvements would you
recommend?
Are you currently involved in
campus life on campus? If so,
please describe the
organizations and/or clubs in
which you are involved?
What would you suggest for the
improvements of the
How can me make international
students feel at home while
their stay in Malaysia?
Please suggest the best way for
us to provide conducive
environment for all students of
SCSJ?

Diagram 23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
NumberofMalaysianStudents How much are you willing to pay to join the
following activities?
SEGi Annual Ball [<RM50]
SEGi Annual Ball [>RM50]
Charity/Community event [<RM50]
Charity/Community event [>RM50]
Local Trips [<RM50]
Local Trips [>RM50]
Sporting events [<RM50]
Sporting events [>RM50]

0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
NumberofInternationalStudents How much are you willing to pay to join the
following activities?
SEGi Annual Ball [RM<50]
SEGi Annual Ball [RM>50]
Charity/Community event [RM<50]
Charity/Community event [RM>50]
Local Trips [RM<50]
Local Trips [RM>50]
Sporting events [RM<50]
Sporting events [RM>50]

Discussion
The aim of this research paper is to identify the information seeking behavior of
internation student and Local students and the preferred solution
to make the all students feels important on campus. From the finding, it can be seen
that a lot of the students both Local students and International students go through
some kind of challeneges on campus which is kept to themselves.
In reference to the research conducted by Canadian Academic Libraries to Investigate
the Information-Seeking Behaviors of International Students,
A focus group research by Wang and Frank (2002) identify that International students
tend to be unfamiliar with the organization and mission of academic offices in the
United States. Because in their countries, things are organized differently, with
missions and strategic goals that are occasionally dramatically different. Services are
not necessarily available for all students.Access other forms of information may be
limited. Databases may or may not be available and accessible. information centers.
These are significant differences (208)
As Sarkodie-Mensah (2002) points out in “In the words of a Foreigner,” sometimes it
is not easy for foreign student to realize the readily available services of North
American academic libraries, which they have seldom used in their home countries. In
addition, they may not be aware that the services are readily available for their usage.
Based on this result, Based on this result, it can be seen that most of the international
students would like to help in some sorts of way to plan some sort of event but
because they are too shy to come forward with their plans, They seems to hold
everything to themselves. and instead wait for the school or do something about it.
They will also prefer to plan the events and within their own country people rather

than let the whole college benefit from it which as a result of this will be that the
international students still believe in the way things are either done in their country or
within their culture.
According to Edgar H. Schein (2001) There are individual, organizational, and
national cultures. He also defines culture as the pattern of basic assumptions that a
given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its
problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that have worked well
enough to be considered valid, and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the
correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems (125). Cultures
are also characterized by shared values, including the basic assumptions that influence
these values. Additionally, cultures are defined by collective characteristics with both
tangible and intangible attributes. Individuals in the culture or group will occasionally
differ or vary on the cultural continuum, but the overall group tends to be harmonious
as a collective entity (Lenartowicz and Roth, 2002).
Like any other research paper, there are several limitations that can be seen in this
research paper. The first limitation is the number of participants; the total number of
participants that too part in this research paper is 29. The number of participants is
insufficents to draw an hypothesis since it does not represent the whole population of
the students in SEGi College Subang Jaya.
Another limitation that can be found in this research paper is that mst of the the
students that took part in this research are from similar faculties, but we it was not
from all the faculties. In general, the result might also be different from this if the
sample size were to increase or if it were conducted in different settings. (Different
College).

Conclusion
Every individual person from a culture or background has different ways of
asking question and different ways of seeking information which can be due to
the fact that some individual cultures tend to deal with issues on their own
without asking for any help or assistance. Which sometimes can affect
individual in many ways for example an international student that cannot afford
the monthly house rent due to shortage of money, Instead of talking to the
college authority about finding a solution, some of the students will end up
pilling debt due to the fact that they are too shy to talk to anyone around the
school about their problem. From this research it can be seen that some of the
International students are faced with a lot of challenges and they will just want
to keep things to themselves because they think they can find solution to their
own problem instead of talking to the college’s authority about their challenges.
In conclusion, base on the finding from this research and in reference to the
research questions, the most important concern to the students is that, they want
more talk on career discussion on how to help them secure their dream job after
college, due to the fact that a lot of students are afraid of not getting a suitable
job after college so they are seeking for an early solution to the problem which
will help them prepare for the future and that is the reason why most of the
students wants the college to host more about career activities which will help
them secure a good place to work after college.

research on Psychology

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