1.
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY
ETHIOPIAN INSTIUTE OF TEXTILE AND FASHION
TECHNOLOGY(EITEX)
DEPARTEMENT OF GARMENT ENGENEERING
PREPAERD BY peer group 8 section a
1.Fitsumbelay
2.Kibromg/her
3.Andebet zewdu
4.Danielsolomon
5.Edengetachew
6 daniel hagos SUBMITED TO BERHIUN
DATE

2.
Introduction
Surface decoration
• What is Surface decoration?
A surface decoration for product is
when you add something to what
you are making in order to make it
more interesting or to add an extra
bit of colour to it. It comes in all
different ways and is great if you
want to make something that extra
bit special
Thereare the most common forms of apparel
decoration technology in use today
 Embroidery
 Appliqué
 3D Foam
 Sequins
Screen printing
Direct To Garment Printing (Digital Printi
ng)
 Laser Etching
 Rhinestones
Transfers

3.
Embroidery
• Embroidery is the handicraft of decorating fabric or other materials with needle
and thread or yarn. Embroidery is most often used on caps, hats, coats, blankets,
dress shirts, denim, stockings, and golf shirts.

4.
Historical background of Embroidery
• Embroidery has been dated to the Warring States period in China (5th-
3rd century BC).The process used to tailor, patch, mend and reinforce
cloth fostered the development of sewing techniques, and the decorative
possibilities of sewing led to the art of embroidery.
• In a garment from Migration period Sweden, roughly 300–700 CE, the
edges of bands of trimming are reinforced with running stitch, back
stitch, stem stitch, tailor's buttonhole stitch, and whip stitching, but it is
uncertain whether this work simply reinforced the seams or should be
interpreted as decorative embroidery.

5.
• Embroidery was a very important art in the Medieval Islamic world. One of the
most interesting accounts of embroidery were given by the 17th
century Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi, who called it the "craft of the two
hands". Because embroidery was a sign of high social status in Muslim
societies, it became a hugely popular art.
• Elaborately embroidered clothing, religious objects, and household items have
been a mark of wealth and status in many cultures including ancient Persia,
India, China, Japan, Byzantium, and medieval and Baroque Europe.
Traditional folk techniques are passed from generation
Cont.

6.
Classification of Embroidery
•Embroidery can be classified according to what degree the
design takes into account the nature of the base material and
by the relationship of stitch placement to the fabric
In free or surface embroidery, designs are applied without regard to the weave of the
underlying fabric. Examples include crewel and traditional Chinese and Japanese
embroidery.
Counted-thread embroidery patterns are created by making stitches over a
predetermined number of threads in the foundation fabric.
needlepoint threads are stitched through a fabric mesh to create a dense pattern that
completely covers the foundation fabric

7.
Classification of Embroidery
Hand Embroidery Embroidery Machine

8.
Embroidery Machine
• Machine embroidery is an embroidery process whereby a sewing machine
or embroidery machine is used to create patterns on textiles fabric
Free- motion machine embroidery
In free-motion machine embroidery, embroidered designs
are created by using a basic zigzag sewing machine. As it is
used primarily for tailoring, this type of machine lacks the
automated features of a specialized machine.
Computerized machine embroidery
Most modern embroidery machines are computer
controlled and specifically engineered for embroidery.
embroidery machines have a hooping or framing system
that holds the framed area of fabric taut under the sewing
needle and moves it automatically to create a design from
a pre-programmed digital embroidery pattern.

9.
Working principle of embroidery machine
Attach a stabilizer material for embroidery to the
prevent poor quality embroidery designs.
Setting the fabric in the embroidery frame The fabric is stretched in the embroidery frame. If
the fabric is loose, the quality of the embroidery pattern may be poor. Put the fabric in the
frame without slack
1 3 4 5 62

10.
Take your embroidery
machine and plastic
embroidery frame for the
machine. Select your
design on the touch screen.
embroidery machine.
embroidery arm.
touch screen
Prepared BY Ambika
How to use the embroidery machine

11.
Separate the frame top and bottom
and thread the machine and the
bobbin in the colours you
would like the embroidery to be in.
Prepared BY Ambika

12.
Place your backing fabric into
the frame. This helps to keep
the fabric firm and avoids the
design from stretching.

13.
Place your fabric into the frame,
checking it’s not folded anywhere
especially on the underneath.
The fabric needed to be tight in
the frame for the embroidery
machine to work properly.

14.
Slide the frame into the arm of the
embroidery machine. Check that the
frame is in
correctly and that the fabric is not
folded underneath anywhere. Check
your
embroidery is correctly placed and to
the right size (on the touch screen)
embroidery arm.
Touch screen.

15.
Press the green embroider button and let the machine do all the work.
It will then begin sewing your design. If you have any problems like a needle
breaks or broken thread press the green button to stop the machine.
The machine will indicate to you any problems.
Green button.

16.
Tools and material used
Aida cloth (sometimes called Java canvas)
is an open weave, even-weave fabric
traditionally used for cross-
stitch embroidery.
Embroidery hoops and frames are tools used to
keep fabric taut while working embroidery or
other forms of needlework.

17.
Plastic canvas is a craft material of lightweight plastic with
regularly spaced holes in imitation of embroidery canvas. It is
also commonly known as vinyl weave. Plastic canvas is
typically used as a foundation for needlepoint or other canvas
work embroidery, usually in acrylic or wool knitting yarn
•Perforated paper is a craft material of
lightweight card with regularly spaced
holes in imitation of embroidery canvas. It
is also sometimes referred to as punched
paper

18.
Different Types of Embroidery Threads:
Different types of Embroidery threads in use are
Rayon Threads,
Polyester Threads,
Nylon threads,
Cotton Threads,
Cotton-wrapped polyester,
Metallic Threads,
Laminate or Flat Threads and Silk Threads:

19.
Embroider Stitches
• The stitches are grouped into four types, each
offering different effects and uses for
embroidery:
1) Outline – Used for outlining the elements
of your design
2) Border – Used to secure edges and to add
textural dimension to your design
3) Detached – Used to create decorative
details or in mass to fill in open areas of the
design
4) Filling – Used to create shading or to solidly
fill in a design area

20.
Running Stitch
Uses: outlining, straight and curved lines.
 Work from right to left.
 Bring thread up at 1 then down at 2, up at 3
and down at 4 and continue.
The spaces between the stitches can be the
same length as the stitches or shorter for a
different look.
Back Stitch
Uses: outlining, straight and curved lines
 Work from right to left.
Bring needle up at 1 and back down at 2.
 Move left and bring needle up at 3, then
back down at 1. Continue stitching.

21.
Split Stitch :
Outlining, straight and curved lines, filling a shape
by working rows closely together.
Work from left to right.
 Bring needle up at 1 and down at 2.
 Bring needle back up at 3, splitting the center of the
previous stitch.
 Take needle down at 4 and then back up at 2.
Continue stitching
Chain Stitch
Uses: Outlining, straight and curved lines, filling if rows
are stitched closely together.
Work from top to bottom.
Bring needle up at 1 and then reinsert needle in same
hole, forming a loop.
Bring needle up at 2 and pull thread to tighten loop until
desired shape is achieved.
Repeat multiple stitches to create a chain.
To end the row make a small stitch over the last loop to
hold it in place to secure thread on backside.

22.
Couching
Uses: Outlining shapes, straight and
curvy lines, spirals, bold dimensional
accents, decorative borders.
Blanket Stitch
Uses: Straight and gently curved lines, borders
and finishing edges.
Work from left to right.
Bring needle up at 1, down at 2 and up at 3,
keeping the thread looped under
the needle.
Pull thread through and shape stitch as
desired.
Repeat multiple stitches until complete.

23.
Whip Stitch
Uses: is used for seaming fabrics, either right or
wrong sides together. The stitches should be about
1/16" apart, and only as deep as necessary to
create a firm seam.
Laced Running Stitch
Uses: Borders, decorative outlining.
Stitch a line of Running Stitches.
Bring the lacing thread up at 1 and lace
it under the next running stitch.
Coral Stitch
Uses: Decorative borders, foliage, plant stems
Working from right to left, hold the working thread to the left of
the starting point (or the last stitch). Insert the needle into the
fabric above the working thread and bring the tip of the needle
out just under the thread. Wrap the thread around the needle
from left to right and
pull the needle through the resulting loop.

24.
Cross Stitch
Uses: Borders and filling if worked in adjacent rows.
To stitch a line:
Stitching from left to right, bring needle up at 1,
down at 2, then up at 3 and down at 4.
Continue stitching across to end of line.
Start back stitching from right to left, make crosses
by bringing the needle up at 5 and down at 6.
Continue until all crosses have been stitched.
Upright Cross Stitch
Uses: Borders, fillings, decorative.
Work left to right. Create a horizontal stitch by bringing
needle up at 1 and down at 2.
Create a vertical stitch by bringing your needle up at 3 and
down at 4.
To create the next upright cross stitch bring
your needle up at 5 and down at 6.
Bring your needle back up at 7 and down at 8.

25.
Herringbone Stitch
Uses: Border, edging, can be stitched over a ribbon or braid
to hold it down.
Work from left to right.
Bring needle up at 1, and down at 2. Bring needle up at 3
and down at 4 to create an elongated cross stitch.
Bring needle up at 5 and continue.
Mark two parallel lines with Water Soluble Pens to keep stitch
height uniform
Chevron Stitch
Uses: Border, edging, can be stitched over a ribbon or
braid to hold it down.
Work from left to right.
Bring needle up at 1, down at 2.
Bring the tip of the needle back through the fabric
halfway between 1 and 2 at point 3.
Bring the needle up to 4 and make a backstitch by
bringing your needle up from 5 down at 6.
Bring the tip of your needle back through the fabric
halfway between 5 and 6 at point 7.
Bring your needle down at 8 and repeat the stitching

26.
Different Types of Hand Embroidery
1 Cross-stitch Embroidery
It is one of the more popular types of hand
embroidery. Today, its popularity is still
increasing as compared to the other types.
Images or designs are simply created in cross-
stitch by forming X-shaped stitches on a
colored fabric.
2 Canvas work Embroidery
it is another type of hand embroidery is
which stitches would be done on a canvas.
Canvas work is done on two types of
canvas, either mono canvas or Penelope
canvas

27.
3 Ribbon embroidery
It is Not a modern method as it has been around
for many years. Ribbon, perle cotton, and
embroidery floss are used in ribbon embroidery to
form a stitch pattern or design that can be quite
outstanding. The results are more of a romantic
appeal.
4. Bargello embroidery
Distinctive patterns are built up from rows of
straight stitches, arranged in a zigzag line, and
repeated in varying shades or colors.. It is usually
done for carpets, pillows, and upholstery.

28.
Brazilian embroidery
It is a type of surface embroidery that uses rayon thread instead of
cotton or wool. It is called "Brazilian" embroidery because the use of
high-sheen rayon thread in embroidery was first popularized in Brazil,
where rayon was widely manufactured.
Brazilian embroidery patterns usually include flowers formed using
both knotted and cast on stitches.
Black work embroidery
It is another well-known method. Black thread stitched is
formed on a white fabric in this type of work. The craft
made using this method looks thicker and appealing
because of its even weave with the threads being twisted.

29.
Reference
• file:///C:/Users/Kbrom%20Gere/Downloads/embroidary/Machine%2
0embroidery%20-%20Wikipedia%20d.htm
• www.slideshare.com
• www.brotherembroidary
• Sewing machine accessories
• www.scribd.com