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1 Building Event Driven Services with Stateful Streams Ben Stopford @benstopford
2 Microservice are an evolution
3 Distributed Applications
4 Apply the Single Responsibility Principal
5 Service-Based Application Orders Service Basket Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
6 Release together Orders Service Validation Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
7 Microservices are Independently Deployable
8 Independently Deployable Orders Service Validation Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
9 Service can have different release schedules Services Released Together Services Released Independently Stock Orders Pay...
10 Allows us to scale
11 Scale in people terms
12 Microservices •  Single Responsibility •  Fine grained •  Modularized •  Independently deployable •  Run by different t...
13 When it comes to data, microservices promote independence.
14 Stateful services have their own DB Orders Service Validation Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
15 This makes sense
16Database Data on inside Data on outside Interface amplifies data Databases provide a rich point of coupling
17 Service A Service B Service C So microservices avoid shared databases
18 But most business services share the same core stream of facts. Catalog Authorisation
19 Many databases leads to many data islands Orders Service Validation Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock S...
20 Difficult to compose a joined up view
21 Services Evolution 1.0 - SOA 2.0 - Microservices 3.0 - What’s next???
22 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
23 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
24 The synchronous world of request response protocols leads to tight, point-to-point couplings.
25 Coupling A measure of the assumptions two services make about one another when they exchange information. Frank Laymann
26 Change to one service => many dependencies to consider CHANGE
27 Leverage Receiver Driven Flow Control
28 UI Orders Service Stock Service Payment Provider Maybe order more stock Request-Response Model
29 UI Orders Service Stock Service Repricing Service Payment Provider Maybe order more stock New services must be called e...
30 UI Orders Service Stock Service Payment Provider Maybe order more stock Event Driven Model with Broker
31 UI Orders Service Stock Service Payment Provider Maybe order more stock Flow Control is Receiver Driven: Pluggable Repr...
32 Events + Brokers Decouple Architectures
33 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
34 Useful Grid Orders Service Payments Service Customers Service We need to join different datasets
35 Useful Grid Orders Service Payments Service Customers Service Need a better way to handle data the data services expose
36 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
37 Useful Grid Orders Payments Customers Why Poll when we can Push
38 Useful Grid Orders Service Payments Service Customers Service Streaming leads to being both event driven and data enabl...
39 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
40 Distributed Murder Mysteries
41 Ledger Service Loan Validation Shared Narrative Fraud Service History Service Account Service Account History Login Ser...
42 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
43 Tenet 1: Events and Asynchronous processes better model the way businesses work
44 Tenet 2: Services need to design for data-on-the- outside
45 Tenet 3: The measure of a ‘good’ architecture is it’s ability to evolve
46 Steps to Streaming Services
47 1. Take Responsibility for the past and evolve
48 Stay Simple. Take Responsibility for the past Browser Webserver
49 Evolve Forwards Browser Webserver Orders Service
50 2. Raise events. Don’t talk to services.
51 Events => Decouple Events == Facts
52 Raise events. Don’t talk to services Browser Webserver Orders Service
53 Order Requested Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Raise events. Don’t talk to services
54 Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Raise events. Don’t talk to services
55 3. Use Kafka as a Service Backbone
56 KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Use Kafka as a Backbone for Events
57 KAFKA - Highly available - Linearly scalable - Load balance consumers - HA consumers
58 4. Use CDC to evolve away from legacy
59 KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Evolve away from Legacy
60KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Use the Database as a ‘Seam’ Conne...
61 5. Make use of Schemas
62KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Use Schemas to validate Backwards ...
63 6. Use the Single Writer Principal
64KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Apply the single writer principal ...
65 Single Writer Principal -  Creates local consistency points in the absence of Global Consistency -  Makes schema upgrad...
66 7. Embrace Multi-tenancy
67KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Apply Bandwidth Limits to services...
68 8. Store Datasets in the Log
69 Messaging that Remembers Orders Customers Payments Stock
70 Rewind and Replay Rewind Replay Orders Service
71 KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Utilize Whole Datasets Connect Pr...
72 Compacted Topic: Delete superceded messages that share the same key K1 K1 K1 K2 K2 K2 K1 V1 V1 V2 V3 V2 V4 V3 Compacted...
73 Orders Customers Payments Stock Single, Shared Source of Truth Data-on-the-Outside
74 But how do you query a log?
75 9. Use Materialized Views to Query the Log
76 Materialized View Create via a query (select * from Orders Where Region == ‘USA’) Base Table Materialized Views in a DB
77 Insert data Materialized View Create via a query (select * from Orders Where Region == ‘USA’) Query is rerun on data as...
78 In practice often more complex select Order.region, count(order.quantity) from Orders, Product, Customer where Product....
79 Same problem but with services select Order.region, count(order.quantity) from Orders, Product, Customer where Product....
80 Use Materialized Views, but turned inside out!
81 Or Embed Views with the Streams API Insert data Kafka Streams Business Logic KAFKA Orders Service Query in DSL
82 On startup: Rewind and Replay Rewind Replay Orders Service
83 Data Services: Distributed Materialized View Kafka Queryable State API Service KStreams View
84 Create Views with Connect DB of choice Kafka Connect APIOrders Service Context Boundary Kafka
85 10. Move Data to Code
86 High Throughput Data Movement Service Service Service Service instance 1 Service instance 2 Service instance 3 Service ...
87
88 Connect Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Order...
89 If messaging Remembers: Views don’t have to!
90 11. Take only the data you need today
91 Connect Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Order...
92 Take only the data you need {“Stock Inventory”: { “Id”: “Foo1234”, “Vendor”: “Foo Industries”, “Description”: “This is ...
93 Data Movement Be realistic: •  Network is no longer the bottleneck •  Indexing is: •  In memory indexes help •  Keep da...
94 12. Use the log instead as a ‘database’ (for data-on-the-inside)
95 Connect Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Order...
96 Append state as events Service Append KAFKA
97 Rewind and Replay on startup Rewind Replay Service KAFKA
98 Connect Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Order...
99 14. Use Transactions to tie Communication & State together
100 OrderRequested (IPad) 2a. Order Validated 2c. Offset Commit 2b. IPad Reserved Internal State: Stock = 17 Reservations ...
101 Connect TRANSACTION Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema R...
102 15. Compose Services as a Streaming Pipeline
103 (1) Stateless Processor e.g. - Filter orders by region -  Convert to local domain model -  Simple rule
104 (2) Stateless, Data Enabled Processor Similar to star schema •  Facts are stream •  Dimensions are GKTables e.g. Enric...
105 (3) Gates e.g. rules engines or event correlation When Order & Payment then … Stream 1 Window Window Stream-Stream Joi...
106 (4) Stateful Processor e.g. - Average order amount by region - Posting Engine (reverse replace of previous position) S...
107 (5) Stream-Aside Pattern public static void main(…){ … } JVM
108 (7) Sidecar Pattern
109 Combine them: 1.  Stateless 2.  Data enriched 3.  Gates 4.  Stateful processors 5.  Stream-aside 6.  Sidecar
110 Group services into bounded contexts
111 Kafka Kafka Independently deployable subsystem
112 Richer Example
113 All order logic, stateless service Orders-by-Customer view (KStreams + Queryable State API) UI Service Stream Maintena...
114 So…
115 Good architectures have little to do with this:
116 It’s about how systems evolves over time
117 Request driven isn’t enough •  High coupling •  Hard to handle async flows •  Hard to move and join datasets.
118 Services need to be data enabled
119 The decoupling effects of the broker make the architecture pluggable and data enabled Orders Customers Payments Stock
120 ...with a single source of truth Orders Customers Payments Stock
121 ...and many service specific views Orders Customers Payments Stock
122 … which react to events as they occur Orders Customers Payments Stock
123 Microservices enabled by a streaming platform •  Loose coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational transpa...
124 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose coupling •  Embrace data •  Event Driven •  Operational transparency
125 Thank You @benstopford https://www.confluent.io/blog/tag/microservices/
126 Tips and Tricks •  Take only the data you need today •  Limit the scope of request response interfaces •  Build small ...
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Building Event Driven Services with Stateful Streams

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Event Driven Services come in many shapes and sizes from tiny event driven functions that dip into an event stream, right through to heavy, stateful services which can facilitate request response. This practical talk makes the case for building this style of system using Stream Processing tools. We also walk through a number of patterns for how we actually put these things together.

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Building Event Driven Services with Stateful Streams

  1. 1. 1 Building Event Driven Services with Stateful Streams Ben Stopford @benstopford
  2. 2. 2 Microservice are an evolution
  3. 3. 3 Distributed Applications
  4. 4. 4 Apply the Single Responsibility Principal
  5. 5. 5 Service-Based Application Orders Service Basket Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
  6. 6. 6 Release together Orders Service Validation Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
  7. 7. 7 Microservices are Independently Deployable
  8. 8. 8 Independently Deployable Orders Service Validation Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
  9. 9. 9 Service can have different release schedules Services Released Together Services Released Independently Stock Orders Payment Stock Orders Payment
  10. 10. 10 Allows us to scale
  11. 11. 11 Scale in people terms
  12. 12. 12 Microservices •  Single Responsibility •  Fine grained •  Modularized •  Independently deployable •  Run by different teams
  13. 13. 13 When it comes to data, microservices promote independence.
  14. 14. 14 Stateful services have their own DB Orders Service Validation Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
  15. 15. 15 This makes sense
  16. 16. 16Database Data on inside Data on outside Interface amplifies data Databases provide a rich point of coupling
  17. 17. 17 Service A Service B Service C So microservices avoid shared databases
  18. 18. 18 But most business services share the same core stream of facts. Catalog Authorisation
  19. 19. 19 Many databases leads to many data islands Orders Service Validation Service Payment Service Fulfillment Service Stock Service
  20. 20. 20 Difficult to compose a joined up view
  21. 21. 21 Services Evolution 1.0 - SOA 2.0 - Microservices 3.0 - What’s next???
  22. 22. 22 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
  23. 23. 23 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
  24. 24. 24 The synchronous world of request response protocols leads to tight, point-to-point couplings.
  25. 25. 25 Coupling A measure of the assumptions two services make about one another when they exchange information. Frank Laymann
  26. 26. 26 Change to one service => many dependencies to consider CHANGE
  27. 27. 27 Leverage Receiver Driven Flow Control
  28. 28. 28 UI Orders Service Stock Service Payment Provider Maybe order more stock Request-Response Model
  29. 29. 29 UI Orders Service Stock Service Repricing Service Payment Provider Maybe order more stock New services must be called explicitly
  30. 30. 30 UI Orders Service Stock Service Payment Provider Maybe order more stock Event Driven Model with Broker
  31. 31. 31 UI Orders Service Stock Service Payment Provider Maybe order more stock Flow Control is Receiver Driven: Pluggable Repricing Service
  32. 32. 32 Events + Brokers Decouple Architectures
  33. 33. 33 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
  34. 34. 34 Useful Grid Orders Service Payments Service Customers Service We need to join different datasets
  35. 35. 35 Useful Grid Orders Service Payments Service Customers Service Need a better way to handle data the data services expose
  36. 36. 36 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
  37. 37. 37 Useful Grid Orders Payments Customers Why Poll when we can Push
  38. 38. 38 Useful Grid Orders Service Payments Service Customers Service Streaming leads to being both event driven and data enabled Event Driven Data Enabled
  39. 39. 39 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
  40. 40. 40 Distributed Murder Mysteries
  41. 41. 41 Ledger Service Loan Validation Shared Narrative Fraud Service History Service Account Service Account History Login Service Loan Service A Journal of Service Interactions
  42. 42. 42 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose Coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational Transparency
  43. 43. 43 Tenet 1: Events and Asynchronous processes better model the way businesses work
  44. 44. 44 Tenet 2: Services need to design for data-on-the- outside
  45. 45. 45 Tenet 3: The measure of a ‘good’ architecture is it’s ability to evolve
  46. 46. 46 Steps to Streaming Services
  47. 47. 47 1. Take Responsibility for the past and evolve
  48. 48. 48 Stay Simple. Take Responsibility for the past Browser Webserver
  49. 49. 49 Evolve Forwards Browser Webserver Orders Service
  50. 50. 50 2. Raise events. Don’t talk to services.
  51. 51. 51 Events => Decouple Events == Facts
  52. 52. 52 Raise events. Don’t talk to services Browser Webserver Orders Service
  53. 53. 53 Order Requested Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Raise events. Don’t talk to services
  54. 54. 54 Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Raise events. Don’t talk to services
  55. 55. 55 3. Use Kafka as a Service Backbone
  56. 56. 56 KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Use Kafka as a Backbone for Events
  57. 57. 57 KAFKA - Highly available - Linearly scalable - Load balance consumers - HA consumers
  58. 58. 58 4. Use CDC to evolve away from legacy
  59. 59. 59 KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Evolve away from Legacy
  60. 60. 60KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Use the Database as a ‘Seam’ Connect Products
  61. 61. 61 5. Make use of Schemas
  62. 62. 62KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Use Schemas to validate Backwards Compatibility Connect Products Schema Registry
  63. 63. 63 6. Use the Single Writer Principal
  64. 64. 64KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Apply the single writer principal Connect Products Schema Registry Order Completed
  65. 65. 65 Single Writer Principal -  Creates local consistency points in the absence of Global Consistency -  Makes schema upgrades easier to manage.
  66. 66. 66 7. Embrace Multi-tenancy
  67. 67. 67KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Apply Bandwidth Limits to services Connect Products Schema Registry Order Completed 100Mb/s
  68. 68. 68 8. Store Datasets in the Log
  69. 69. 69 Messaging that Remembers Orders Customers Payments Stock
  70. 70. 70 Rewind and Replay Rewind Replay Orders Service
  71. 71. 71 KAFKA Order Requested Order Validated Order Received Browser Webserver Orders Service Utilize Whole Datasets Connect Products Schema Registry Order Completed Repricing
  72. 72. 72 Compacted Topic: Delete superceded messages that share the same key K1 K1 K1 K2 K2 K2 K1 V1 V1 V2 V3 V2 V4 V3 Compacted Topics
  73. 73. 73 Orders Customers Payments Stock Single, Shared Source of Truth Data-on-the-Outside
  74. 74. 74 But how do you query a log?
  75. 75. 75 9. Use Materialized Views to Query the Log
  76. 76. 76 Materialized View Create via a query (select * from Orders Where Region == ‘USA’) Base Table Materialized Views in a DB
  77. 77. 77 Insert data Materialized View Create via a query (select * from Orders Where Region == ‘USA’) Query is rerun on data as it arrives Base Table Materialized Views in a DB
  78. 78. 78 In practice often more complex select Order.region, count(order.quantity) from Orders, Product, Customer where Product.group = ‘Houshold’ and Customer.type = external group by Order.region Orders Product Customer View Read Optimized
  79. 79. 79 Same problem but with services select Order.region, count(order.quantity) from Orders, Product, Customer where Product.group = ‘Houshold’ and Customer.type = external group by Order.region My Service View Read Optimized Orders Service Product Service Customer Service
  80. 80. 80 Use Materialized Views, but turned inside out!
  81. 81. 81 Or Embed Views with the Streams API Insert data Kafka Streams Business Logic KAFKA Orders Service Query in DSL
  82. 82. 82 On startup: Rewind and Replay Rewind Replay Orders Service
  83. 83. 83 Data Services: Distributed Materialized View Kafka Queryable State API Service KStreams View
  84. 84. 84 Create Views with Connect DB of choice Kafka Connect APIOrders Service Context Boundary Kafka
  85. 85. 85 10. Move Data to Code
  86. 86. 86 High Throughput Data Movement Service Service Service Service instance 1 Service instance 2 Service instance 3 Service instance 4 Kafka Cluster (many machines)
  87. 87. 87
  88. 88. 88 Connect Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Orders Service Stock Stock Materialize Stock ‘View’ Inside Service KAFKA
  89. 89. 89 If messaging Remembers: Views don’t have to!
  90. 90. 90 11. Take only the data you need today
  91. 91. 91 Connect Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Orders Service Stock Stock Take only the data you need! KAFKA
  92. 92. 92 Take only the data you need {“Stock Inventory”: { “Id”: “Foo1234”, “Vendor”: “Foo Industries”, “Description”: “This is a …”, “Delivery Category”: “ND”, “Stock Status”: [ “Items in Stock”: 53, “Items on Order”: 0 ]…etc…}
  93. 93. 93 Data Movement Be realistic: •  Network is no longer the bottleneck •  Indexing is: •  In memory indexes help •  Keep datasets focussed
  94. 94. 94 12. Use the log instead as a ‘database’ (for data-on-the-inside)
  95. 95. 95 Connect Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Orders Service Reserved Stocks Stock Stock Reserved Stocks Save Internal State to the Log (Event Sourcing) KAFKA
  96. 96. 96 Append state as events Service Append KAFKA
  97. 97. 97 Rewind and Replay on startup Rewind Replay Service KAFKA
  98. 98. 98 Connect Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Orders Service Reserved Stocks Stock Stock Reserved Stocks Order Service Loads Reserved Stocks on Startup KAFKA
  99. 99. 99 14. Use Transactions to tie Communication & State together
  100. 100. 100 OrderRequested (IPad) 2a. Order Validated 2c. Offset Commit 2b. IPad Reserved Internal State: Stock = 17 Reservations = 2 Tie Events & State with Transactions
  101. 101. 101 Connect TRANSACTION Order Requested Order Validated Order Completed Order Received Products Browser Webserver Schema Registry Orders Service Reserved Stocks Stock Stock Reserved Stocks Stay Simple. Take Responsibility for the past KAFKA
  102. 102. 102 15. Compose Services as a Streaming Pipeline
  103. 103. 103 (1) Stateless Processor e.g. - Filter orders by region -  Convert to local domain model -  Simple rule
  104. 104. 104 (2) Stateless, Data Enabled Processor Similar to star schema •  Facts are stream •  Dimensions are GKTables e.g. Enrich Orders with Customer Info & Account details Stream GKTable GKTable Stream-Table Join
  105. 105. 105 (3) Gates e.g. rules engines or event correlation When Order & Payment then … Stream 1 Window Window Stream-Stream Join Stream 2
  106. 106. 106 (4) Stateful Processor e.g. - Average order amount by region - Posting Engine (reverse replace of previous position) State store backed up to Kafka
  107. 107. 107 (5) Stream-Aside Pattern public static void main(…){ … } JVM
  108. 108. 108 (7) Sidecar Pattern
  109. 109. 109 Combine them: 1.  Stateless 2.  Data enriched 3.  Gates 4.  Stateful processors 5.  Stream-aside 6.  Sidecar
  110. 110. 110 Group services into bounded contexts
  111. 111. 111 Kafka Kafka Independently deployable subsystem
  112. 112. 112 Richer Example
  113. 113. 113 All order logic, stateless service Orders-by-Customer view (KStreams + Queryable State API) UI Service Stream Maintenance & Monitoring Highly available, stateful service UI uses Orders-by- Customer View directly via Queryable State History Service pushes data to a local Elastic Search Instance Orders Service Derived View UI joins data Tables & Streams Fulfillment Service Analytics OrdersProduct Custo- mers KTables KTables KTables Schemas
  114. 114. 114 So…
  115. 115. 115 Good architectures have little to do with this:
  116. 116. 116 It’s about how systems evolves over time
  117. 117. 117 Request driven isn’t enough •  High coupling •  Hard to handle async flows •  Hard to move and join datasets.
  118. 118. 118 Services need to be data enabled
  119. 119. 119 The decoupling effects of the broker make the architecture pluggable and data enabled Orders Customers Payments Stock
  120. 120. 120 ...with a single source of truth Orders Customers Payments Stock
  121. 121. 121 ...and many service specific views Orders Customers Payments Stock
  122. 122. 122 … which react to events as they occur Orders Customers Payments Stock
  123. 123. 123 Microservices enabled by a streaming platform •  Loose coupling •  Data Enabled •  Event Driven •  Operational transparency
  124. 124. 124 How do we get to 3.0? •  Loose coupling •  Embrace data •  Event Driven •  Operational transparency
  125. 125. 125 Thank You @benstopford https://www.confluent.io/blog/tag/microservices/
  126. 126. 126 Tips and Tricks •  Take only the data you need today •  Limit the scope of request response interfaces •  Build small services. Build big ones too. •  Don’t fear the network. Fear the index. •  The Sync-Async divide •  Pure event driven with event streams and views. •  Map request response to event driven (Leverage CQRS) •  Too fine-grained services. •  Too much data •  KStreams rebalancing •  Need for automation

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