MySQL for Oracle DBAs

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |
MySQL for Oracle DBAs
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Ben Krug
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Senior Technical Support Engineer
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ben.krug@oracle.com
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August 2015

Introduction to MySQL – What is MySQL?
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Open-source RDBMS
– Beginning: One element of historical LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP)
– Present: RDBMS, yet also supports high-performance NoSQL
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http://www.mysql.com/why-mysql/white-papers/guide-to-mysql-and-nosql-delivering-the-best-of-both-worlds/
– Future: 5.7 (not yet GA) also introduces native JSON support (and much more!)
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http://mysqlserverteam.com/json-labs-release-native-json-data-type-and-binary-format/
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Several core products, for different needs and environments
– Enterprise, Cluster, Community, and more
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http://www.oracle.com/us/products/mysql/overview/index.html
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https://www.mysql.com/products/
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The world's most popular open-source database - www.mysql.com
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Why Use MySQL?
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Choose the right tool for each job
– Simple and efficient
– Low cost
– Widely tested and used
– Highly scalable
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Ideal for web applications
– http://www.mysql.com/why-mysql/white-papers/top-10-reasons-to-choose-mysql-for-next-generation-web-applications/
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Supported by Oracle and integrates with Oracle databases and environments
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MySQL for the Oracle DBA
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This talk will give an overview and highlights of MySQL
– From an Oracle DBA's perspective
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I started out as an Oracle DBA
– Highlighting aspects that an Oracle DBA might not expect
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Similarities and differences
– Since it is an overview, we can't cover every detail
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Therefore, many references are provided in the slides
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Let's get started...
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MySQL – Community or Enterprise?
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The Community version of MySQL is free to download and use
– http://www.oracle.com/us/products/mysql/mysqlcommunityserver/overview/index.html
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Why use Enterprise, then?
– Enhanced scalability
– Management and online backup tools
– Features for Security and Regulatory Compliance
– http://www.oracle.com/us/products/mysql/mysqlenterprise/overview/index.html
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What about Cluster?
– Suited for particular needs, in-memory, more specialized, more complex
– http://www.oracle.com/us/products/mysql/mysqlcluster/overview/index.html
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Before you start, know the products
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Terminology
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No schemas; users don't own objects
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Instead, multiple databases per instance (almost like schemas)
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Log files have different names
– Binary logs, or binlogs, are similar to archived redo log files
– InnoDB log files (ib_logfile) are like online redo logs
– Error log is the alert log (you might have guessed that one!)
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What is a storage engine? ...
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Terminology is similar, with minor differences – eg:
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Terminology
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MySQL code is modular – storage engine covers storage – tables, etc
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Can think of it as a table type, but it's more than that
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Default is InnoDB, which supports ACID, foreign keys, and much more
– 'CREATE TABLE t (a int);' is the same as 'CREATE TABLE t (a int) ENGINE=InnoDB;'
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Other storage engines exist for specialized needs
– First S.E. was MyISAM
– Others include Archive, ndb, etc
– InnoDB will suffice in many cases
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Storage Engine
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Terminology
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Scale-up – buy a bigger, faster server with more storage
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Scale-out – buy more “commodity” servers
– Scale-out is common approach with MySQL
– Divide the data into “shards” and spread it across servers and databases
– Add rack units as needed
– https://oracle2mysql.wordpress.com/2007/08/22/12/
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What is “scale-out” vs “scale-up”?
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How to get and install MySQL
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.rpm's are the simplest and most common way
– “sudo yum install ...”
– Get Enterprise packages from edelivery.oracle.com
– Or, official community yum repo, see http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-repo-excerpt/5.6/en/index.html
– Creates mysql user, group, installs, sets up service – ready to go!
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There are also debian packages
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GUI installer for Windows
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Manually - tar or zip files for more control over placement, etc
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http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/installing.html
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There are many ways...
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How to get and install MySQL, continued
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For testing, or other constraints
– Docker: https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/
– Pre-built Virtualbox VMs
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Enterprise: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/vm/overview/mysql-358840.html
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Community: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/community/developer-vm/index.html#mysql
– A popular community tool (not official Oracle) – MySQL Sandbox
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http://mysqlsandbox.net/
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There are many ways...
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How will users connect?
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Mysql command-line client
– “mysql -u root -p” can connect to your new installation
– Like using sql*plus, with a little less “plus”
– Some sample commands to try: http://www.nparikh.org/unix/mysql.php
– https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysql.html
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MySQL Workbench for GUI
– Development and DBA tools
– Server and user admin (backups, auditing, configuration, and much more)
– https://www.mysql.com/products/workbench , https://www.mysql.com/products/workbench/admin/
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How will you connect?
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MySQL Privileges
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Privileges depend on user, and the host they are connecting from
– Eg, root can be set to only allow local connection
– Or, a user or app can only connect from a certain host or subnet
– Privileges may vary, depending on where the user is
– This can lead to some surprises...
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Eg, https://oracle2mysql.wordpress.com/2007/08/24/playing-with-permissions/
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No roles, but Workbench simulates them for convenience
– https://dev.mysql.com/doc/workbench/en/wb-mysql-connections-navigator-management-users-and-privileges.html
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Native MySQL security
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MySQL Privileges, continued
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Authentication plugins allow for more flexibility and integration
– External authentication via PAM, Windows login IDs, LDAP, or Kerberos
– Stronger encryption
– Proxy users
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Roles? http://mysqlblog.fivefarmers.com/2015/04/08/emulating-roles-with-expanded-proxy-user-support-in-5-7-7/
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Authentication plugins - http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/pluggable-authentication.html
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Things to be aware of...
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Character sets and collations
– In strings, does 'a'='A'? You may want to set your character sets and collations
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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/charset.html
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Case-sensitive table names
– For tables, does 'TableName' = 'tablename'? Check lower_case_table_names
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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/identifier-case-sensitivity.html
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You commit without saying “commit”? set autocommit off
– https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_autocommit
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You might not have thought to even think of these things
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System databases
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mysql
– Contains data about all databases, users, plugins, procedures, etc
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information_schema
– Contains metadata views
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(note: here databases are called schemas! See information_schema.schemata.)
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performance_schema
– Contains instrumentation about performance, highly configurable
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SQL commands: SHOW DATABASES; USE dbname; SHOW TABLES;
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System databases, continued
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A sys schema is incorporated into coming 5.7 releases
– http://mysqlserverteam.com/the-mysql-sys-schema-in-mysql-5-7-7/
– Contributed by Mark Leith
– Available to install now, https://github.com/MarkLeith/mysql-sys/
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Also, some “helper” views and scripts to make performance_schema more readable
– http://www.markleith.co.uk/ps_helper/
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Where is sys? (for advanced users...)
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OK, so how do I administer?
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Let's get to the DBA tasks and tools...

MySQL Server Administration
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https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-administration.html
– Contains details on the things you expect – file placements, configuration files, how to set variables, and more
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Also references further reading on:
– Tuning (InnoDB)
– Backups
– Replication
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First, read the overview
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MySQL Server Administration, continued
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InnoDB buffer pool is like db buffer cache, crucial to set
– innodb_buffer_pool_size and innodb_buffer_pool_instances, to start
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InnoDB is highly configurable, take it one step at a time
– https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/innodb-configuration.html
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Running SHOW STATUS; and SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUSG
– Like running utlbstat and utlestat in older days
– Compare outputs over time, deltas
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Tuning (especially InnoDB)
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MySQL Server Administration, tuning continued
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Enable slow query log for a quick start
– mysqldumpslow – tool to analyze slow query log content
– https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysqldumpslow.html
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Performance_schema (and ps_helper)
– Provide wait instrumentation
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MySQL Enterprise Monitor (“MEM”)
– Performance advisors
– Query analyzer
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OEM – use the MySQL plugin for Oracle Enterprise Manager
– More on this to come...
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Generic methods:
– Cold backups – shut down and copy files
– Snapshots (eg LVM)
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mysqldump provides logical backup, like export
– Use –single-transaction option for InnoDB
– Or, take mysqldump from a replication slave (...replication?)
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MySQL Enterprise Backup (“MEB”) - “hot” backups for InnoDB
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Backups
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Replication is a basic skill for a MySQL DBA
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Easy to set up
– Slaves replay changes from master, creating a copy
– Uses binary logs from master to create relay logs on slave
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Can offload heavy queries or backups to a slave
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Simple, or complex: there are many possible options and configurations
– http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication.html
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Replication
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Enterprise tools
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MySQL DBA tools
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MySQL Utilities – free tools to simplify many DBA tasks
– Simplify MySQL administration, replication, and much more
– https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/utilities/
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MySQL Enterprise Backup
– Online and incremental backups
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MySQL Enterprise Monitor
– Manage and monitor MySQL installations
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Many more, including tools for encryption, firewall, and auditing
– https://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/
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Further questions and support
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For further questions and support
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Enterprise licensing includes MySQL Support
– https://www.mysql.com/support/
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For general understanding, the online manuals
– http://dev.mysql.com/doc/
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For comparing products and features
– http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/
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For the OEM MySQL plugin
– http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-em-plugin/en/index.html
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Enterprise support
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Q&A
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Ben Krug, Senior MySQL Support Engineer
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ben.krug@oracle.com
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Safe Harbor Statement
The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for
information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied
upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any
features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of
Oracle.
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