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Selenium 101
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101 overview of selenium. What is it, when should you use selenium, where should it fit in your testing scenario.
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Selenium 101
- SELENIUM 101 automates browsers
- I’M • BertVan Hauwaert • CEO, CFO, CTO, … of be.coded • Freelancer
- NOTICE This is a 101 talk!
- (ANTI-)PATTERNS
- ICE-CREAM CONE Manual tests Automated GUI tests Integration tests Unit tests
- CUPCAKE ManualTest Automated GUITests Automated IntegrationTests (API, Component) Automated UnitTests Manual testers Automated GUI testers Developers
- TESTING PYRAMID Automated GUI tests Automated API tests Automated Integration tests Automated Component tests Automated Unit tests Manual Session BasedTesting
- Functional tests Examples Story tests Prototypes Simulations Exploratory testing Scenarios Usability testing UAT Alpha / Beta Unit tests Component test Performance & Load testing Security testing “ility” testing Business facing Technology facing Supportingtheteam Critiqueproduct Automated & manual Automated Manual Tools AGILETESTING QUADRANTS Q2 Q1 Q4 Q3
- BROWSERTESTING • Headless browser emulators • Browser controllers
- WHAT IS SELENIUM? • Suite of tools • Automates browsers • Testing purposes • Boring web-based administration tasks
- TOOLS - SELENIUM IDE • Selenium IDE • Firefox extension • Record and playback interactions • Use it to • Create quick bug reproduction scripts • Create scripts to aid in automation-aided exploratory testing
- TOOLS - SELENIUM RC • Selenium Remote Control • Server • Automatically launches and kills browsers • Acts as a HTTP proxy for web requests from them • Client libraries • for your favourite computer language • Deprecated
- TOOLS - SELENIUM WEBDRIVER • Successor to Selenium RC • Driving a browser natively • Accepts commands > browser • Sent in Selenese or Client API • Using a browser driver
- TOOLS - SELENIUM GRID • Web browsers on remote machines • One server acts as a hub • Tests contact hub to access browsers • Running tests in parallel
- THE IDE
- THE IDE
- COMMANDS • Selenese • 3 types • Actions • Accessors • Assertions
- SCRIPT SYNTAX • Command + 2 parameters • Not always required • Parameters • Locator • Text pattern to verify • Text pattern or variable to insert
- LOCATOR • Identifies an element • identifier • id • name • XPath • link text • DOM • CSS
- LOCATOR - IDENTIFIER • identifier=loginForm • identifier=password • identifier=continue • username <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - ID • id=loginForm <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - NAME • name=username • name=continue • name=continue value=Clear • name=continue Clear • name=continue type=button <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - XPATH • xpath=/html/body/form[1] • //form[1] • xpath=//form[@id='loginForm'] • xpath=//form[input/@name='username'] <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - XPATH • //input[@name='username'] • //form[@id='loginForm']/input[1] <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - XPATH • //input[@name='continue'][@type='button'] • //form[@id='loginForm']/input[4] <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - LINK • link=Register <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - DOM • dom=document.getElementById('loginForm') • dom=document.forms['loginForm'] • dom=document.forms[0] <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - DOM • document.forms[0].username • document.forms[0].elements['username'] • document.forms[0].elements[0] <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - DOM • document.forms[0].elements[3] <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - CSS • css=form#loginForm <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - CSS • css=input[name="username"] • css=input.req[type="text"] <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input class=“req” name="username" type="text"/> <input class="req pwd" name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - CSS • css=input.pwd • css=#loginForm input:nth-child(2) <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input class="req" name="username" type="text"/> <input class="req pwd" name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- LOCATOR - CSS • css=#loginForm input[type="button"] <html> <body> <form id="loginForm"> <input name="username" type="text"/> <input name="password" type="password"/> <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login"/> <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear"/> </form> <a href="/pleaseSendMeSpam">Register</a> </body> <html>
- TEXT PATTERNS • Globbing • Regular expressions • Exact
- TEXT PATTERNS - GLOBBING • glob: • * • Match anything inside character class • [ ] • Character class • [aeiou] • [0-9] • [a-zA-Z0-9]
- TEXT PATTERNS – REGULAR EXPRESSIONS • regexp: or regexpi: PATTERN MATCH . any single character [ ] character class: any single character that appears inside the brackets * quantifier: 0 or more of the preceding character (or group) + quantifier: 1 or more of the preceding character (or group) ? quantifier: 0 or 1 of the preceding character (or group) {1,5} quantifier: 1 through 5 of the preceding character (or group) | alternation: the character/group on the left or the character/group on the right ( ) grouping: often used with alternation and/or quantifier
- TEXT PATTERNS - EXACT • Exact: • “Real *” • glob:Real * will also match “Real number” • exact:Real * • regexp:Real *
- TEST CASE • Set of Selenium commands • Executed one by one
- TEST SUITES • A test suite is a collection of tests • <html> <head> <title>Test Suite Function Tests - Priority 1</title> </head> <body> <table> <tr><td><b>Suite Of Tests</b></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="./ultimateQuestionOfLive.html">Ultimate question of live</a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="./recursion.html">Recursion</a></td></tr> </table> </body> </html>
- COMMONLY USED COMMANDS • open • opens a page using a URL. • click/clickAndWait • performs a click operation, and optionally waits for a new page to load. • waitForPageToLoad • pauses execution until an expected new page loads. Called automatically when clickAndWait is used. • waitForElementPresent • pauses execution until an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page.
- COMMONLY USED COMMANDS • verifyTitle/assertTitle • verifies an expected page title. • verifyTextPresent • verifies expected text is somewhere on the page. • verifyElementPresent • verifies an expected UI element, as defined by its HTML tag, is present on the page. • verifyText • verifies expected text and its corresponding HTML tag are present on the page.
- ASSERTION ORVERIFICATION • Assert • Fail test, abort current test case • Verify • Fail test, continue to run the test case
- TIP - BASEURL <tr> <td>store</td> <td>http://domain</td> <td>baseUrl</td> </tr> <! – … --> <tr> <td>open</td> <td>${baseUrl}/page</td> <td></td> </tr>
- TIP – OVERWRITE METHOD <tr> <td>getEval</td> <td>window._oldFooBar = window.fooBar; window.fooBar = function(arg1, arg2) { window._oldFooBar(arg1, arg2); window.fooBarData = { arg1: arg1, arg2: arg2 }; if (window.console){ window.console.log(window.fooBarData); } };</td> <td></td> </tr>
- TIP – OVERWRITE METHOD <tr> <td>assertEval</td> <td>window.fooBarData.arg1</td> <td>baz</td> </tr>
- TIP – NO ORPHANEDTEXT <a href=“/property/123”> Koekoekstraat 70 - Melle <em>235.000 EUR</em> </a> <a href=“/property/123”> <span>Koekoekstraat 70 - Melle</span> <em>235.000 EUR</em> </a>
- TIP – IDENTIFY FUNCTION <button id="login-button"> <span>Login</span> </button> WAI-ARIA role landmarks //li[@role="menuitem" and .=“About us ,”]
- TIP – MAGNIUM • Magium = Selenium + Magento
- DEMO • Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything • Recursion
- DOCKERTOTHE RESCUE • https://hub.docker.com/r/selenium/ • selenium/hub • selenium/node-chrome • selenium/node-firefox
- DOCKER-COMPOSE hub: image: selenium/hub ports: - "4444:4444" firefox: image: selenium/node-firefox links: - hub chrome: image: selenium/node-chrome links: - hub
- EXAMPLE abstract class AbstractSeleniumTestCase extends TestCase { protected $webDriverUrl = ‘http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub'; protected $webDriver; public function setUp() { $this->webDriver = RemoteWebDriver::create( $this->webDriverUrl, DesiredCapabilities::firefox() ); } public function tearDown() { if ($this->webDriver) { $this->webDriver->quit(); } } }
- EXAMPLE public function testRecursion() { $this->webDriver->get('http://www.google.be'); $this->webDriver->findElement(WebDriverBy::id('lst-ib')) ->sendKeys('Recursion')->submit(); $this->webDriver->wait(10, 300) ->until( function ($webDriver) { try { $webDriver->findElement(WebDriverBy::cssSelector('a.spell')); return true; } catch (NoSuchElementException $ex) { return false; } } ); $aSpellElement = $this->webDriver->findElement(WebDriverBy::cssSelector('a.spell')); $this->assertEquals("Recursion", $aSpellElement->getText()); $aSpellElement->click(); $this->takeScreenshot(__FUNCTION__); }
- RESOURCES • http://www.seleniumhq.org/ • https://github.com/becoded/talk-selenium-101 • https://github.com/facebook/php-webdriver • http://magiumlib.com/
- QUESTIONS ?
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