EPA Technical Assistance Grant - Beaufort SC Northwest Quadrant

1. Block by Block Green Infrastructure Northwest Quadrant Conceptual Design City of Beaufort

2. Beaufort’s Block by Block Green Infrastructure Northwest Quadrant Conceptual Design

3. Beaufort’s Block by Block Green Infrastructure Northwest Quadrant Conceptual Design Preservation guidelines • Maintaining the traditional character of the block; • Maintaining the informal nature of the streets, lanes, and gardens where they exist; • Maintaining the soft edges found along neighborhood streets; and • Encouraging informal gardens throughout the neighborhood. Neighborhood Strategic Plan • Encouraging the use of rain barrels and greywater recycling; • Supporting community gardens; and • Identifying future pocket park locations.

4. Beaufort’s Block by Block Green Infrastructure Northwest Quadrant Conceptual Design What is Green Infrastructure? Stormwater management strategy that uses natural hydrologic features to manage water and provide environmental and community benefits. How do we make this… function more like this?

5. Green Infrastructure Under Natural Conditions Runoff is ....But increases After Limited.... Development 5

6. Beaufort’s Block by Block Green Infrastructure Northwest Quadrant Conceptual Design What is Green Infrastructure? Stormwater management strategy that uses natural hydrologic features to manage water and provide environmental and community benefits. How do we make this… function more like this?

7. Green Infrastructure - Multiple Benefits  Water quality  Cost savings  Flood and  Community identity hydromodification  Recreational control greenspace  Rainwater capture and  Reduced urban heat use island effect  Increased groundwater  Wildlife habitat recharge and baseflow  Enhanced property  Improved air quality values  Reduced energy  Carbon sequestering consumption  Aesthetic benefits

8. Multiple Benefits Category Indicator Reduced Stormwater Volume Environmental Reduced Peak Flow Rate Reduced Pollutant Loading Increased Groundwater Recharge Reduced Energy Use and Heat Island Effect Reduced Particulate Matter Increased Carbon Sequestration Improved Quality of Life and Aesthetics Social Increased Recreational Opportunities Job Creation Reduced Infrastructure Costs Economic Reduced Pumping Costs Increased or Stabilized Property Values

9. Economic Benefits

10. Economic Benefits

11. Effects of Water Pollution Photo courtesy of NRCS

12. BMP Functions Hydrologic controls Removal processes Evapotranspiration or flow attenuation Biotransformation/ Storage/detention phytoremediation Bioaccumulation volatilization) photolysis; Other (e.g., Infiltration Filtration Sorption Settling Structural BMPs Bioretention + (+) o o + o + + (o) Permeable pavement + (+) – – + – – – – Infiltration basin + + (o) o + o + + (o) Cisterns/rain barrels + – – – – – – – – Note: ( ) optional function; + major function; o secondary function; – insignificant function

13. BMP Design  Bioretention  Bioswales  Planter Boxes  Permeable Pavement  Green Roofs  Water Harvesting  Cisterns  Rain Barrels  Sand Filters  Vegetated Swales  Vegetated Filter Strips

14. Bioretention Areas

15. Bioretention Schematic Runoff Vegetation on Surface Media Underdrain System

16. Bioretention Areas Pollutant removal functions  Sedimentation (temporary)  Trash, TSS, Phosphorus  Microbial Processes  Nitrogen, Pathogens  Chemical Processes  Metals, Phosphorus  Exposure to Sunlight & Dryness  Pathogens, Oil & Grease

17. Bioretention Areas • Soil Media Depth Where are pollutants removed? TSS TP Temp TN Pathogens Metals Oil & Grease

18. Bioretention Areas www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater

19. Integrating into Landscape www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater

20. Integrating into Landscape

21. Parking Lots Port City Java, Market www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater

22. Parking Lots www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater

23. www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater

24. www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater

25. Bioretention Areas + 4 Hours +14 Hours

26. Bioretention Areas  Mulch and Vegetation  Drought tolerant vegetation  Periodic inundation  Native species  Consider size and appearance at maturity

27. Bioretention Variations  Bioswales

28. Bioretention Variations  Transportation Corridor  Right-of-way

29. Permeable Pavement  Allows for rainfall infiltration  Low traffic surfaces (driveways, parking lots, walk ways)  Provides peak flow mitigation, volume storage, and some water quality improvement

30. Permeable Pavements  Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavers (PICP)  Concrete Grid Pavers (CGP)  Pervious (Porous) Pavements (PC & PA)  Plastic Reinforcing Grids (PG)

31. Permeable Pavement

32. Permeable Pavement Store/Treat the design storm volume  within base and sub-base reservoirs • d=V/A×n – d = Gravel Layer Depth (ft) – V = Water Quality Volume – A = Surface Area (square ft) – n = Porosity (0.3 to 0.4)  Structural Design  • Total traffic Guide for Design of Pavement Structures AASHTO  In situ soil strength (1993) •  Environmental elements to the Guide for Design of AASHTO Supplement  Bedding and Structures (1998) Pavement reservoir layer design • AASHTO Flexible Pavement Method

33. Permeable Pavement  These systems should be installed by a qualified professional • The only exception is very small backyard patios where BMP failure will not be hazardous to human health • A list of professionals qualified in permeable paver installation is available through the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute (ICPI) – www.icpi.org • More information on pervious concrete is available through the Carolina Ready Mixed Concrete Association (CRMCA) – www.crmca.com

35. Permeable Pavement 6 inches pervious concrete Washed no 57 stone (Min 6”)

36. Permeable Pavement 6 in 6-9 in 12-18 in

37. Permeable Pavement Grid Pavers Sand PICP with gravel fill Washed No. 57 Stone Interlocking Concrete Pavers Pea Gravel Washed No. 57 Stone

39. Permeable Pavement 6 in 6-9 in 12-18 in

47. Vegetated Infiltration Basin

50. Photo credit: Jill Bicknell, Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Program.

51. Stormwater Wetlands  Reduce Nutrients  Slow Flow of Water

52. Stormwater Wetlands

56. Stormwater Wetlands A Diverse System of Herbaceous Plants tends to limit mosquito population Human Introduction of Gambousia affinis NOT recommended www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater

57. Multi-Benefit Use

58. Beaufort’s Block by Block Green Infrastructure Northwest Quadrant Conceptual Design

59. Beaufort’s Block by Block Green Infrastructure Northwest Quadrant Conceptual Design US Marine Corps Air Station Golf Professionals Club Laurel Bay 116 Beaufort Northwest Quadrant 802 Project Location Burton Beaufort Beaufort 280 21 281 170 802 Port Royal Legend Par is Project Location Shell Point M ale co Northwest Quadrant Boundary n City of Beaufort Limits Highway Marine Corps Recruit Depot Major Road Parris Island Railroads (Local) Lake/Pond/Stream/River City of Beaufort Swamp/Marsh 0 0.5 1 2 Miles South Carolina Cities Project Location

60. Beaufort’s Block by Block Green Infrastructure BOUNDARY ST Northwest Quadrant Conceptual Design WILMINGTO N ST UNION ST BA GG ET CONGRES S ST T ST BLADEN ST CHURCH ST GREENE ST RIBAU T RD Northwest MONSON ST NEWCASTLE ST D WASHINGTON ST MARS H R HAMAR ST Quadrant HARRINGTON ST Beaufort DUKE ST ADVENTURE ST BLADEN LN PRINCE ST ELTON LN PILOT ST KING ST KING ST EUHAW ST GLEBE ST HEYWARD ST WAIGHT ST NORTH ST NORTH ST T YS CRAVEN ST BA Historic ST Downtown SIM MS Beaufort River Beaufort T RD PO DE Legend City of Beaufort Streets 0 200 400 800 Feet South Carolina Northwest Quadrant Boundary Northwest Quadrant

61. Charrette Process  Work session with director and staff  Site selection and preliminary concept plans  Presentations to staff and officials  Final concept plans and report  Final presentation

62. Implementation  Regulating Plan  T3 Neighborhood General  T4 Urban Neighborhood and Neighborhood Center  T5 Urban Center/Corridor  Localized Improvements  Public Right of Way and Block Level Solutions

63. Transects  Integration of Green Infrastructure techniques into the planning and development process  Consistent, predictable costs and performance, and replicable results  Adaptable to local conditions  Ancillary benefits and values  Aesthetics, identity, energy…..

64. Localized Improvements  Correct drainage issues  Improve streetscape and reduce maintenance  Create community value  Demonstrate progress  Planned and Constructed incrementally

65. Project Criteria s ment nsect t enefi prove Techn ration of of T ra ts ood B fi Bene lity age Im ology n r Q ua bor h ra tio nst la ry Demo Neigh Dr ain Wate Integ Ancil Candidate Project/Transects Section 8 Housing Church and Washington Streets ○  ○ ○   Private Lot between Prince and Hamar ● ● ○  ● ● Glebe Street Extension ● ●   ●  Stormwater Dry Pond Hamar and Washington ○  ○  ● ● Green Street along Pilot from Prince to North Street Connection of Duke and Princeton ○    ● ● Duke Street from Bladen to Pilot Street ● ● ●   ● Candidate Improvements Bump Outs for Tree Space ● ●   ● ● Vegetated Curb Extensions ● ●   ● ● Residential on-lot Permeable Pavement ● ● ●  ● ●

66. T3 – Neighborhood

67. T3 – Neighborhood

68. T4 – Neighborhood Center

69. T4 – Neighborhood Center

70. T5 – Urban Corridor/Center

71. T5 – Urban Corridor/Center

72. 20 15 BAGGETT ST HAMAR ST UNION ST 20 GREENE ST 20 20 25 20 WASHINGTON ST 20 20 DUKE ST ADVENTURE ST 15 Legend Storm Sewers PRINCE ST Streets BLADEN ST Duke Street Catchment Proposed Vegetated 15 Basin Catchment 20 Beaufort Parcels Infiltration Basin Elementary PILOT ST Elevation, ft 5 KING ST School KING ST 10 GLEBE ST 15 25 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 City of Beaufort 0 50 100 200 Feet South Carolina Project Contributing Areas

73. Prince Street and Hamar Street • Vegetated Infiltration Basin • Open Community Park Space • Large watershed

74. Prince Street and Hamar Street • Water Volume and Quality Treatment • Community Park Space • Aesthetic Improvement

75. 23 Prince Street and Hamar Street 22 16 17 PRINCE ST Diversion Structure Inlet & Monitoring Point Water 19 16 Green Green 18 20 21 Ponding Surface Storage 22 Infrastructure Infrastructure Width Length Depth Area Volume HAMAR ST 23 Practice Practice Location (ft) (ft) (ft) (sq ft) (cu ft) Vegetated Legend Catch Basins infiltration Open Space Diversion Structure Inlet & Monitoring Point Basin Parcel Streets Storm Sewers 125 125 2.0 15,700 20,880 Proposed Inlet Line Parcels Top Footprint 24 Banks - 2:1 Sideslope Banks - Steps Bottom Footprint City of Beaufort 0 15 30 60 Feet South Carolina Implementation Areas

76. Duke Street From Bladen To Hamar • Permeable Pavement and Bioretention • Streetscape Enhancement • Aesthetic Improvement

77. Duke Street From Bladen To Hamar • Permeable Pavement and Bioretention • Streetscape Enhancement • Aesthetic Improvement

78. 20 15 BAGGETT ST HAMAR ST UNION ST 20 GREENE ST 20 20 25 20 WASHINGTON ST 20 20 DUKE ST ADVENTURE ST 15 Legend Storm Sewers PRINCE ST Streets BLADEN ST Duke Street Catchment Proposed Vegetated 15 Basin Catchment 20 Beaufort Parcels Infiltration Basin Elementary PILOT ST Elevation, ft 5 KING ST School KING ST 10 GLEBE ST 15 25 20 25 25 25 25 25 25 City of Beaufort 0 50 100 200 Feet South Carolina Project Contributing Areas

79. Duke Street From Bladen To Hamar • Water Volume and Quality Treatment • Enhanced Parking Areas • Reduce Localized Flooding

80. Duke Street From Bladen To Hamar WAS HING TON ST HAMAR ST ADVENTURE ST DUKE ST BLADEN ST Green Infrastructure PRINCE ST Legend Green Infrastructure Catch Basins Practice Width Length Surface Area Water Storage Practice Sewers Storm Location (ft) (ft) (sq ft) Volume (cu ft) Streets Bioretention Bioretention Right-of-way 200 8 0 50 100 840 6,717 City of Beaufort 9,404 South Carolina PermeablePavement Permeable Pavement Right-of-way Feet 8 Available Implementation Area 1680 13,434 4,030

81. Duke Street From Bladen To Hamar WASHINGTON ST HAMAR ST ADVENTURE ST DUKE ST BLADEN ST Green Infrastructure Green Infrastructure Legend Practice Width Length Surface Area Water Storage PRINCE ST Practice Basins Catch Location (ft) (ft) (sq ft) Volume (cu ft) Storm Sewers Bioretention Right-of-way 8 182of Beaufort 1,453 2,034 ± Streets City Bioretention 0 45 90 180 South Carolina Permeable Pavement Permeable Pavement Right-of-way Feet 8 363 2,906 872

82. Duke Street From Bladen To Hamar WASHINGTON ST HAMAR ST ADVENTURE ST DUKE ST BLADEN ST Green Infrastructure Green Infrastructure Legend Practice Width Length Surface Area Water Storage PRINCE ST Practice Basins Catch Location (ft) (ft) (sq ft) Volume (cu ft) Storm Sewers Bioretention Right-of-way 8 182of Beaufort 1,453 2,034 ± Streets City Bioretention 0 45 90 180 South Carolina Permeable Pavement Permeable Pavement Right-of-way Feet 8 363 2,906 872

83. Operations and Maintenance Task Frequency Maintenance notes Monitor infiltration and drainage 1 time/year Inspect drainage time (12–24 hours). Might have to determine infiltration rate (every 2–3 years). Turning over or replacing the media (top 2–3 inches) might be necessary to improve infiltration (at least 0.5 in/hr). Pruning 1–2 times/year Nutrients in runoff often cause bioretention vegetation to flourish. Mowing 2–12 times/year Frequency depends on the location, plant selection and desired aesthetic appeal. Mulching 1–2 times/ year Recommend maintaining 1”–3” uniform mulch layer. Mulch removal 1 time/2–3 years Mulch accumulation reduces available water storage volume. Removal of mulch also increases surface infiltration rate of fill soil. Watering 1 time/2–3 days for first 1–2 If drought conditions exist, watering after the initial year might be months; sporadically after required. establishment Fertilization 1 time initially One-time spot fertilization for first year vegetation. Remove and replace dead plants 1 time/year Within the first year, 10% of plants can die. Survival rates increase with time. Inlet inspection Once after first rain of the season, Check for sediment accumulation to ensure that flow into the then monthly during the rainy retention area is as designed. Remove any accumulated sediment. season Outlet inspection Once after first rain of the season, Check for erosion at the outlet and remove any accumulated mulch or then monthly during the rainy sediment. season Miscellaneous upkeep 12 times/year Tasks include trash collection, plant health, spot weeding, and removing mulch from the overflow device.

84. Operations and Maintenance Permeable pavement operations and maintenance considerations Task Frequency Maintenance notes Forebay cleanout As needed, typical 5 – 10 Check for sediment accumulation to ensure that years flow into the retention area is as designed. Remove any accumulated sediment. Invasive species/tree Semi-annual Within the first year, 10% of plants can die. control Survival rates increase with time. Bank mowing and Monthly or as needed Frequency depends on the location, plant stabilization selection and desired aesthetic appeal. Outlet inspection and Monthly and after storms Check for erosion at the outlet and remove any cleanout greater than 2 inches accumulated mulch or sediment. Trash removal As needed Remove accumulated debris throughout the area. Rodent & mosquito As needed Inspect for signs of vector control issues. Proper management eradication measures should be used. Stormwater wetland operations and maintenance considerations Task Frequency Maintenance notes Impervious to Pervious Once after first rain of Check for sediment and debris accumulation to interface the season, then monthly ensure that flow onto the permeable pavement during the rainy season is not restricted. Remove any accumulated sediment, vegetative debris, or trash. Stabilize any exposed soil. Vacuum street sweeper Twice per year as needed Portions of pavement should be swept with a vacuum street sweeper at least twice per year or as needed to maintain infiltration rates. Replace fill materials 1-2 times per year (and Fill materials will need to be replaced after each (applies to pervious after any vac truck sweeping and as needed to keep voids with the pavers only) sweeping) paver surface. Miscellaneous upkeep 4 times per year or as Tasks include trash collection, sweeping, and needed for aesthetics spot weeding.

85. Cost Estimate Item No Description Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Preparation 1 Traffic Control 15 Day $1,000.00 $15,000 2 Temporary Construction Fence 500 LF $2.50 $1,250 3 Silt Fence 500 LF $3.00 $1,500 Site Preparation 4 Excavation and Removal 775 CY $45.00 $34,875 5 Clearing and Grubbing 15,700 SF $0.75 $11,775 Vegetated Infiltration Basin 6 Fine Grading 15,700 SF $0.72 $11,304 7 Inlet Diversion Structure 1 LS $15,000 $15,000 8 Vegetation 15,700 SF $4.00 $62,800 Construction Subtotal $153,504 9 Bond (5% of subtotal) $7,675 10 Mobilization (10% of subtotal) $15,350 11 Construction contingency (20% of subtotal) $30,701 Construction Total $207,230 12 Design (40% of Construction Total) $82,892 Total Cost $290,123

86. Cost Estimate Item No Description Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Preparation 1 Traffic Control 15 day $1,000.00 $15,000 2 Temporary Construction Fence 545 LF $2.50 $1,363 3 Silt Fence 545 LF $3.00 $1,635 Site Preparation 4 Curb and Gutter Removal 545 LF $3.30 $1,799 5 Excavation and Removal 296 CY $45.00 $13,320 Traditional Bioretention 7 Fine Grading 1,453 SF $0.72 $1,046 8 Soil Media 162 CY $40.00 $6,480 9 Filter Layer (sand and No. 8 stone) 18 CY $45.00 $810 10 Vegetation 1,453 SF $4.00 $5,812 11 Mulch 14 CY $55.00 $770 12 Curb and Gutter 278 LF $22.00 $6,116 Permeable Pavement 13 Curb and Gutter 363 LF $22.00 $7,986 14 Permeable Pavement 2906 SF $12.00 $34,872 15 Structural Layer (washed no 57 or no 2 stone) 54 CY $50.00 $2,700 16 Concrete Transition Strip 363 LF $4.00 $1,452 17 Utility Conflicts 1 LS $10,000.00 $10,000 Construction Subtotal $111,160 21 Bond (5% of subtotal) $5,558 22 Mobilization (10% of subtotal) $11,116 23 Construction contingency (20% of subtotal) $22,232 Construction Total $150,066 24 Design (40% of Construction Total) $60,026 Total Cost $210,093

87. Annual Maintenance Costs Routine Green Infrastructure Area Unit Cost Maintenance Practice (ft2) (per ft2) (monthly to 2 years) Bioretention 1,453 $2.28 $3,312.84 Permeable pavement 2,906 $0.67 $1,947.02 Vegetated Infiltration Basin 15,700 $1.91 $29,987.00

88. Typical Maintenance

89. Typical Maintenance

90. Questions?

EPA Technical Assistance Grant - Beaufort SC Northwest Quadrant

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