nuclear energy,nuclear reactors

2. CANDU(CANADA DEUTRIUM URANIUM)
It is a canadian-invented,heavy water
reactor.
It is a type of nuclear reactor that uses
natural uranium as fuel,pressurised heavy
water as coolant,unpressurised heavy
water as moderator and uses pressurized
tubes to contain the fuel and circulating
coolant.

4. 1.Fuel bundle.
2.Reactor core.
3.Adjuster rod.
4.Heavy water pressure reservoir.
5.Steam generator.
6.Light water pump.
7.Heavy water pump.
8.Fuelling machines.
9.Heavy water moderator.
10.Pressure tube.
11.Steam going to steam turbine.
12.Cold water returning from turbine.
13.Containment building made of reinforced concrete.

5. It contains a large number of horizontal
channels(pressure tubes).The channels
contain the fuel elements and coolant.The
coolant flow around the fuel elements to
remove the heat generated by
fission.When these coolant leave the
reactor it gains a high pressure(10Mpa)
and temperature(370 degree celsius) and
then it enters the steam generator.

6. Unlike other nuclear reactor that uses
enriched uranium fuel and light water as a
moderator,CANDU reactor uses non-
enriched(natural) uranium oxide as fuel
and heavy water as moderator.In CANDU
reactor fuel can be continuously changed
while the reactor is in operation.

7. CANDU reactor consists of a number of
neutron absorber rods which are mainly used
for start-up and shut-down.
For start-up,it pulls the rod out of the core.
For shut-down,it drops them in the core.
These absorbing rods are also used for
controlling power variation during nuclear
reactor operation.
In an emergency operation situation,the
shut-down rods would immediately drop into
the core.

8. Deutrium oxide is used as moderator
because it doesn’t readily absorb neutron.
Coolant
Heavy water is used as coolant which
circulates through out the nuclear reactor
to transfer heat from it and prevent a melt-
down.

9. (1).Enriched fuel is not required.
(2).Heavy water is used as moderator which
has low fuel consumption.
DISADVANTAGE
(1).cost of heavy water is very high.
(2).There are leakage problems.

10. Power plant engineering by G.R.NAGPAL
Power plant engineering by R.K.RAJPUT
wikipedia

11. THANK YOU