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Oscilloscope Triggers
And other things you never knew…
1
A/D
Converter
Acquisition
Memory
Trigger

Circuit
Memory

Controller
Time base
Vertical
Edge
Logic
Analog Sample Rate
1ns 1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns
Digital Resolution =
Sample Rate
1
1Ga/s
1
= 1ns=
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Sample Rate
1ns 1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns
Digital Resolution =
Sample Rate
1
1Ga/s
1
= 1ns=
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
If your event occurs exactly when a sample does,
buy some lotto tickets.
Top of the P(acq)
2
James Lewis
james@baldengineer.com
email | twitter | www
3
Have you ever used an oscilloscope?
Inside Oscilloscope
4
Have you ever looked inside one?
Scope Screen
5
Graticules are
overrated
Trigger Point
Sampling Trigger Type
Scope Block Diagram
Attenuator
A/D
Converter
Acquisition
Memory
CPU Display
Trigger

Circuit
Memory

Controller
Time base
Vertical
Amplifier
Edge
Logic
Analog
6
All digital scopes contain these blocks,
sometimes arranged a little different.
7
Front-End Amplifier
Attenuator
A/D
Converter
Acquisition
Memory
CPU Display
Trigger

Circuit
Memory

Controller
Time base
Vertic
Edge
Logic
Analog
7
Where’d my signal go?
8
-3db Magic
9
0db
-3db
fBW
Attenuation
Frequency
Analog
Attenuator
Vertical
Amplifier
-3db Magic
10
0db
-3db
fBW
Attenuation
Frequency
Analog
Digital
Attenuator
Vertical
Amplifier
Modern digital oscilloscopes don’t roll-off like traditional analog did.
Their Bandwidth IS their bandwidth.
Avoid Overdrive
11
?
11
Off-screen signals overdrive the amplifier,
creating distortion
12
Acquisition
Attenuator
A/D
Converter
Acquisition
Memory
CPU Display
Trigger

Circuit
Memory

Controller
Time base
Vertic
Edge
Logic
Analog
12
Real-Fme Sampling
13
Digital Resolution =
Sample Rate
1
1Ga/s
1
= 1ns=
Sample Rate
1ns 1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
DSP Path
14
Memory Controller
DSP
Correction
Transfer to PC Sin X / X DSP Boost
DSP Correction
Linear
Interpolation
Measure
Math
Cursors
(oh and Display)
Acquisition
Memory
CPU
“Correction” can include calibration factors for a specific scope channel.
15
Display
Attenuator
A/D
Converter
Acquisition
Memory
CPU Display
Trigger

Circuit
Memory

Controller
Time base
Vertic
Edge
Logic
Analog
15
Display
16
Sample Rate
1ns 1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
Interpolation isn’t just for waveform display
17
Why Different?
Measure
18
90%
10%
When making measurements, most scopes default to “10-90” points.
Interpolation method matters.
Ideal
Thresholds
As
Sampled
Interpolated
Thresholds
Make use of “Zoom”
19
20
Trigger
Attenuator
A/D
Converter
Acquisition
Memory
CPU Display
Trigger

Circuit
Memory

Controller
Time base
Vertic
Edge
Logic
Analog
20
What does Trigger Do?
A/D
Converter
Acquisition
Memory
Trigger

Circuit
Memory

Controller
Time base
Vertical
Edge
Logic
Analog Sample Rate
1ns 1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns
Digital Resolution =
Sample Rate
1
1Ga/s
1
= 1ns=
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Sample Rate
1ns 1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns
Digital Resolution =
Sample Rate
1
1Ga/s
1
= 1ns=
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
21
Analog events in the digitized waveform
Do you even Edge, Bro?
22
AA
B
Positive Edge
AA
B
Negative Edge
A
B
OUT
A
B
OUT
Flip-Flop
Do you even Edge, Bro?
23
Ref
Comparator
Edge
Detector
Trigger-Output
Buffer
Signal from
Pre-Amp
Edge Trigger
Ref
Comparator
Edge
Detector
Trigger-Output
Buffer
Signal from
Pre-Amp
Edge Trigger
Moar Modes
24
Ref
Comparator
Edge
Detector
Trigger!
Signal Under
Test
Counter
Control
Logic
Pulse Width SlopeDelay Runt
Ref
Comparator
Edge
Detector
Signal Under
Test
Multiple Modes with the Same Hardware:
Couple of Comparators and a timer
Triggers aren’t perfect
A/D
Converter
Acquisition
Memory
Trigger

Circuit
Memory

Controller
Time base
Vertical
Edge
Logic
Analog Sample Rate
1ns 1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns
Digital Resolution =
Sample Rate
1
1Ga/s
1
= 1ns=
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Sample Rate
1ns 1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns1ns
Digital Resolution =
Sample Rate
1
1Ga/s
1
= 1ns=
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
10
11
12 13
25
If your event occurs exactly when a sample does,
buy some lotto tickets.
Trigger JiOer
26
Trigger jitter is a cumulation of error
It doesn’t specify any one “good” or “bad” aspect
Digital Trigger
27
R&S has a unique digital trigger system
InteresFng Content
https://www.youtube.com/user/KeysightOscilloscope

Tons of Scope Videos
http://www.scope-of-the-art.com

R&S Scope Dedicated Site
http://teledynelecroy.com/events/?capid=107&mid=555

Free Seminars (Plus other good Content)
28
29
Download Slides At:
baldengineer.com/hddg22
James Lewis
james@baldengineer.com
email | twitter | www

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Oscilloscope Tricks - Top of the p(acq)