FUTURE
CHALLENGES
IN
COMPUTER
SCIENCE
Prepared by SEMINAR LINKS

ABSTRACT
• Computer science is faced with many challenges as the digital universe
expands.
• From mobile and cloud computing to data security, addressing these issues
can require large, structural changes, but an examination of these problems
can lead to organizational solutions and improvements in the world.

CHALLENGES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE
• More employees and customers are using mobile technology. A switch to cloud
services and an emphasis on mobile platforms are essential.
• The Internet’s infrastructure will need to be updated to match the “New
Internet.”
• 80% of security professionals rated data leaks and exposure of sensitive
information as the highest concern.

STEPS TOWARD SOLUTION
Changing the architecture of organizational networks can seem daunting. Below
are suggested steps.
• Identify and remove bottlenecks, improve routing patterns, and utilize better
servers.
• Use software-defined networking to allocate resources and increase data
efficiency.
• Change 10GB fiber optic cables to 100GB.

Always connected
Always ON
Always with us
Convenience
Local based
service
Payments
Ticketing
Used by Global Population
Limited Battery Power
Limited Computing
power vs PC
MOBILE COMPUTING

BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Data Storage
Accessed Anywhere
Computing
On-Demand Auto Scaling
Fault Tolerance
Save Money

MOBILE COMPUTING
CLOUD COMPUTING
Applications and services
available in the cloud are
becoming increasingly
available, and are expected
to continue to evolve and
adapt
MOBILE CLOUD
COMPUTING

BENEFITS OF MOBILE
+ CLOUD COMPUTING
Makes mobile devices more
powerful by allowing them access
to cloud resources
1 Clouds are accessible by mobile devices
Faster loading of apps
-Longer Battery Life2
CHALLANGES OF MOBILE
+ CLOUD COMPUTING
1
Seamless working
integration of
Mobile and Cloud
2
Protecting mobile
user’s location
data is a privacy
sensitive issue
Point where
hackers can take
advantage of

INTERNET
OF
THINGS

Internet of Things is an
infrastructure of uniquely
identified objects in the
internet or tied to the internet,
such as with RFID or QR codes
– both of which are becoming
more prevalent with mobile
devices
USEFUL BENEFITS OF
INTERNET OF THINGS
Examples of “things” or
machines communicating with
each other (M2M) that would
contribute to the Internet of
Things include almost anything
that can be attached with a
sensor, be it short range or
long range from smartphones
to cars to satellites.
By 2020,it is projected that there could be up to 100 billion uniquely
identifiable objects connected to the internet

THE NEW INTERNET
Better
Health
Care
CHALLANGES
The current Internet was not
designed for the scale and
dynamic nature of the Internet
of Things

SECURITY
&
PRIVACY

Malware
ApplicationVulnerability
MobileDevices
Hackers
CloudBased
Services
Cyber
Terrorism
Hacktivists
69
56
49
6667
44 43
TOP THREATS Top threat and vulnerability concerns shared by security
professionals due to the rise in technology

4
OUT
OF 5 Sensitive data leaks
The exposure of confidential information to
unauthorized systems are highly significant
concern
The advent of the Internet of
Things will also bring a
considerable need for
increased security measures
for privacy and
confidentiality concerns
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NETWORKING
&
SPEED

With the rapidly
growing data traffic
comes an increased
need for speed, scale
and mobility
Solution
1
Smaller simpler solutions include identifying
and removing bottlenecks, improving bad or
sloppy routing paths and utilizing better
servers with improved space and bandwidth
usage
Solution
2
Another solution to use the network smarter
with the help of software-defined networking
that allocates network resources and
increases data efficiency
Solution
3
When both of those are exhausted and the
rapid data growth exceeds the speed and
resources available now, there will be calls for
changes to the global networking
architecture- changing the 10GB fiber optic
cables to 100GB fiber optic cables

BIG DATA
Big Data is so massive
that it outpaces human
understanding and
technology
AND
THE DIGITAL UNIVERSE

BIG DATA AND THE DIGITAL UNIVERSE
As organizations improve networking and infrastructure, an explosion of data
will lead to more problems with rewarding solutions.
• By 2020, the digital universe will grow from 130 to 40,000 Exabytes.
• The data that requires protection will grow by 40%.
• Data will become more complicated and harder to secure, store, and analyze.

33%
The International Data Corporation (IDC)
Estimates that by 2020 as much as 33% of
the digital universe will contain information
that might be valuable if analyzed
HOW BIG IS
1 EXABYTE ?
1 Exabyte (EB) is equal to
1 Billion Gigabyte (GB)
2005
2016
2020
130
Exabyte
1300
Exabyte
40,000
Exabyte
40 Trillion
Gigabytes
if
distributed
to world’s
population
in 2020
40,000
Exabyte is
equal to
40 Trillion
GB
That’s more
than 5,200
GB for every
man, woman
and child !
Digital Universe

DATA MINING
Improving data mining
tools and techniques will
be essential in order to
improve processing and
analyzing the information
available in Big Data
TYPES OF DATA ARE BECOMING MORE COMPLEX
Unstructured text, audio, video, and other forms
ACCESSING DATA IS CHANGING
Clustered databases both for
storage and access are emerging

CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL UNIVERSE AND BIG DATA
Cloud Computing
• 40% of information in the Digital
Universe “Touched” by Cloud
Computing providers by 2020
• High cost of implementation
• Integration with existing architecture
• Data loss, security and privacy risks
• Interoperability
• Risk of intellectual property theft
Security
By 2020,the data that requires
protection is growing faster by 40%
than the Digital Universe itself
Networking
Heavy Network Load

DATA VISUALIZATION
• Big Data is still so large that it
poses problems, such as dealing
with and attempting to compare a
large percentage of unique values
• Learning new software specially
designed to efficiency deduce
insight
• Learning new machines that
derives knowledge from Big Data.
• New 3D imaging techniques and
immersive telecommunications
may play a part in helping to
visualize Big Data and glean
insights
Visualization has been shown to be an effective tool
not only for presenting essential information in vast
amounts of data but also for driving complex
analysis.

CHANGING THE WORLD
While the problems facing computer science and Big Data are paramount,
these issues can lead to opportunities within bioinformatics and health care to
improve the world.
• Improved experiments and advances in data visualization and health
technology are leading to insight into cancer and rare diseases.
• Genomics is helping researchers understand genetic diseases and could
result in profound improvements in treatment.

IMPROVING THE WORLD’S HEALTHCARE
Just as the rest of the world is producing large amount of data, improved experiments and
health technology are producing more data that is too complex for traditional data analysis.
CLINICAL ARCHIVING : helps accurate diagnosis unnecessary procedures.
Each year more than 600 million diagnostic images are taken in the U.S. alone. Diagnostic
images are X-Rays, MRIs and CT scans.
PREVENT HOSPITALIZATION :Big Data predicts when you are likely to get sick; track patients
and advise you so as not to get so sick.
PREDICTING OUTBREAK :Early identification contain its spread and allocate resources more
effectively

CHALLENGES OF UNIQUE HEALTHCARE
HUMAN ERROR: Large fraction of critical data still rely heavily on human entry who
unintentionally and intentionally introduce systematic errors
DATA FRAGMENTATION: Incomplete data are common in clinical practice. Incomplete data,
like inaccurate data can be harmful to patient care

REFERENCES
• Based on MSCS Infographics New Jersey Institute of Technology(NJIT)
• graduatedegrees.online.njit.edu/mscs-resources/mscs-
infographics/future-challenges-in-computer-science
Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to Download
Prepared by SEMINAR LINKS