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Soil and water analysis
M.ADEEL
10-arid-969

Dept. Soil Science & Soil
Water Conservation
PMAS Arid Agriculture University
Rawalpindi
Internship In Soil & Water
Testing Laboratory Layyah
Muhmmad Adeel
1o-arid-969
BSc(Hons.)Agriculture
7th semester
Internship duration
31-07-13 to 30-09-13
Introduction About Soil and
Water Sampling and Field Visit
• Soil sampling was not difficult but it was new
experience for me.
• Weather was so hot and I was in field at 12:00
p.m clock.
• Without feeling any hesitations I just concentrate
on our work which was assign to the District
Officer Dept. of Soil & Water Conservation
Laboratory Dr Abdul Ghafar.
Infrastructure Of Soil & Water
Testing lab Layyah
• Building of Soil & Water testing lab consist of
 1 soil & water testing sample preparation room


1 Soil & Water Testing room



2 room for agriculture officers



1 room for District Agriculture officer
Soil & Water Testing Laboratory
Equipments
 Lab equipment was not in good condition due to lack of
fund.
 There equipment has become olds and experiment result
are not satisfactory.
 Soil testing lab has almost necessary equipment like PH
meter ,EC meter, spectrophotometer, flame photo meter,
shaker .
 All types of glassware is also available in lab.
Establishment Staff Soil & Water
Testing Lab
District Agriculture Officer

2 Agriculture Officers

2 Lab Attendants

1 Lab Technician
Experimental Procedures Of Soil planning
• Two sample was taken on one place,first was on 1 to
6 inch and second was 6 to 12 inch.
• Both sample was collected in separate plastic bag.
• On plastic bag number was mention with pointer for
identification.
• Almost 7 sample was collected in one plot.

• 70 to 80 sample was collected in farmer field which
was 12 acre
• After drying, granding,sieving the sample they
are used for test.
• Soil organic matter, soil phosphorus and soil
textured ,soil Ec and soil pH was find.
Procedure to find the soil phosphorus
• Weigh the 2.5 g soil.

• Add 50ml NACHO3
• Shake for 30 Mint .
• Filter the soil solution

• Add the 5ml filtrate in 25 ml volumetric flask.
• ADD the 5ml mix reagent in flask.
• Before adding the mix reagent in flask 0.264g
ascorbic acid is added in 50 ml mix reagent.
• Make the volume 25ml.

• Blank is also prepared.
Continue
• Then note the reading on spectrophoto meter
. Note the reading check on graph then multiply
with 100.
• Volume of flask
× NACHO3
ppm of p in soil
Volume of soil filtrate Weight of soil
Criteria of P for soil
poor

medium

adequate

0-7

8-13

14-36

Soil Texture & Phosphorus
low

Medium

heavey

Sandy loam, sandy

loam

Clay loam
Soil Organic Matter
• Take 1g soil
• Add 10ml K2Cr2O7 and shake.
• Add 20 ml H2SO4 and shake.
• Add 200 ml water and shake.
• after cooling add 0.7 g NaF and shake.
• Also put the few drop of indicator.
Continue
• Blank is also prepared.
• Titrate by FeSO4 , first blank then sample.
• After titration note the reading.
• We can find the organic matter by using this
formula.
(blank – reading)o.698
Water Analysis
CO3• TAKE the 10 ml water in conical flask
• Add the few drop of indicator phenolphthalein
• If pink color appear CO3- is present .
• If pink color appears then titrate by H2SO4 until
colorless.
• 0.8 × reading= CO3-
Water Analysis……Continue
HCO3• By using the same flask add the few drop of
methyl orange
• Titrate with 0.o1n H2SO4 .
• when brick like color is induce then note the
reading
• by using this formula
• (reading × 0.4)=HCO3-
Ca+Mg
• Take 10 ml water in petri dish from sample
• Put the 1 to 2 drop of buffer solution.
• Then put 1to 2 drop of chrome black.
• The titration should takes place with burrate, in
burrate EDTA solution is used.
• When the color of water is green blackish.
Continue
TSS
EC
100

= TSS

Na
Na= Tss – (Ca+Mg)
RSC
• (CO3- + HCO3-) – (Ca+Mg)

• SAR= Na
√(Ca+Mg)
2

Cl-

• To the same flask addd few drop of indicater patassium
chromate.
• Titrate by silver nitrate AgNO3
• Titrate until brick red color.
Textured of soil
SANDY SOIL

SANDY LOAM

LOAM

CLAYEY LOAM CLAYEY

≥ 20 ml water
is used

20ml to 30 ml
water is used

30 ml to 40ml
water is used

40 to 45 ml
water is used

760ml water
is used
SPECIAL THANKS
TO
MY TEACHERS
• Chairman Dept Of S.S & S&WC
Prof.Dr. Saleem Akhtar
•
&
• Prof.Dr.Gulam Jailani
•&
• Dr.Muhammad Irbil
ALSO SPECIAL THANKS
TO
Establishment Staff Of Soil & Water
Testing Labs
• Dr.Abdul Gafar (D.O)
• Mam.Farah (A.O)
• Ashraf Bhatti (A.O)
• & M.Ameen & Ghulam Farid (Lab Assistant)
Soil and water analysis

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Soil and water analysis

  • 1. Soil and water analysis M.ADEEL 10-arid-969 Dept. Soil Science & Soil Water Conservation PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
  • 2. Internship In Soil & Water Testing Laboratory Layyah Muhmmad Adeel 1o-arid-969 BSc(Hons.)Agriculture 7th semester Internship duration 31-07-13 to 30-09-13
  • 3. Introduction About Soil and Water Sampling and Field Visit • Soil sampling was not difficult but it was new experience for me. • Weather was so hot and I was in field at 12:00 p.m clock. • Without feeling any hesitations I just concentrate on our work which was assign to the District Officer Dept. of Soil & Water Conservation Laboratory Dr Abdul Ghafar.
  • 4. Infrastructure Of Soil & Water Testing lab Layyah • Building of Soil & Water testing lab consist of  1 soil & water testing sample preparation room  1 Soil & Water Testing room  2 room for agriculture officers  1 room for District Agriculture officer
  • 5. Soil & Water Testing Laboratory Equipments  Lab equipment was not in good condition due to lack of fund.  There equipment has become olds and experiment result are not satisfactory.  Soil testing lab has almost necessary equipment like PH meter ,EC meter, spectrophotometer, flame photo meter, shaker .  All types of glassware is also available in lab.
  • 6. Establishment Staff Soil & Water Testing Lab District Agriculture Officer 2 Agriculture Officers 2 Lab Attendants 1 Lab Technician
  • 7. Experimental Procedures Of Soil planning • Two sample was taken on one place,first was on 1 to 6 inch and second was 6 to 12 inch. • Both sample was collected in separate plastic bag. • On plastic bag number was mention with pointer for identification. • Almost 7 sample was collected in one plot. • 70 to 80 sample was collected in farmer field which was 12 acre
  • 8. • After drying, granding,sieving the sample they are used for test. • Soil organic matter, soil phosphorus and soil textured ,soil Ec and soil pH was find.
  • 9. Procedure to find the soil phosphorus • Weigh the 2.5 g soil. • Add 50ml NACHO3 • Shake for 30 Mint . • Filter the soil solution • Add the 5ml filtrate in 25 ml volumetric flask.
  • 10. • ADD the 5ml mix reagent in flask. • Before adding the mix reagent in flask 0.264g ascorbic acid is added in 50 ml mix reagent. • Make the volume 25ml. • Blank is also prepared.
  • 11. Continue • Then note the reading on spectrophoto meter . Note the reading check on graph then multiply with 100. • Volume of flask × NACHO3 ppm of p in soil Volume of soil filtrate Weight of soil
  • 12. Criteria of P for soil poor medium adequate 0-7 8-13 14-36 Soil Texture & Phosphorus low Medium heavey Sandy loam, sandy loam Clay loam
  • 13. Soil Organic Matter • Take 1g soil • Add 10ml K2Cr2O7 and shake. • Add 20 ml H2SO4 and shake. • Add 200 ml water and shake. • after cooling add 0.7 g NaF and shake. • Also put the few drop of indicator.
  • 14. Continue • Blank is also prepared. • Titrate by FeSO4 , first blank then sample. • After titration note the reading. • We can find the organic matter by using this formula. (blank – reading)o.698
  • 15. Water Analysis CO3• TAKE the 10 ml water in conical flask • Add the few drop of indicator phenolphthalein • If pink color appear CO3- is present . • If pink color appears then titrate by H2SO4 until colorless. • 0.8 × reading= CO3-
  • 16. Water Analysis……Continue HCO3• By using the same flask add the few drop of methyl orange • Titrate with 0.o1n H2SO4 . • when brick like color is induce then note the reading • by using this formula • (reading × 0.4)=HCO3-
  • 17. Ca+Mg • Take 10 ml water in petri dish from sample • Put the 1 to 2 drop of buffer solution. • Then put 1to 2 drop of chrome black. • The titration should takes place with burrate, in burrate EDTA solution is used. • When the color of water is green blackish.
  • 19. RSC • (CO3- + HCO3-) – (Ca+Mg) • SAR= Na √(Ca+Mg) 2 Cl- • To the same flask addd few drop of indicater patassium chromate. • Titrate by silver nitrate AgNO3 • Titrate until brick red color.
  • 20. Textured of soil SANDY SOIL SANDY LOAM LOAM CLAYEY LOAM CLAYEY ≥ 20 ml water is used 20ml to 30 ml water is used 30 ml to 40ml water is used 40 to 45 ml water is used 760ml water is used
  • 21. SPECIAL THANKS TO MY TEACHERS • Chairman Dept Of S.S & S&WC Prof.Dr. Saleem Akhtar • & • Prof.Dr.Gulam Jailani •& • Dr.Muhammad Irbil
  • 22. ALSO SPECIAL THANKS TO Establishment Staff Of Soil & Water Testing Labs • Dr.Abdul Gafar (D.O) • Mam.Farah (A.O) • Ashraf Bhatti (A.O) • & M.Ameen & Ghulam Farid (Lab Assistant)