Haiti and the struggle for
African Liberation Africa’s Resources in African Hands! © Burning Spear Publications

Africa belongs to African people
worldwide! Chairman Omali Yeshitela’s theory of African Internationalism is the basis for this presentation

African and Indigenous peoples were
free, independent self-determining

The people and environment were
one

Agriculture, culture, economy: self-sustaining prosperity

Europe was poor, oppressed in
middle ages: feudalism, plague

In the 1400s Europe launched
an assault on the rest of the world

In the late 1400s Cristobal
Colon asked Queen Isabella of Spain for money to sail to India

Queen Isabella had to hock
her jewels to pay for Columbus’ voyage

1492: Columbus landed on a
Caribbean island inhabited the Taino people The Taino called their home Ayiti, “Land of Mountains”

When Columbus arrived the Tainos
welcomed him and helped his men survive

Columbus immediately began genocide: raping,
torturing, slaughtering the Taino people

<ul><li>“ The Spaniards entered the
large house nearby…and with cuts and stabs began to kill as many as they found there, so that a stream of blood was running, as if a great number of cows had perished…To see the wounds which covered the bodies of the dead and dying was a spectacle of horror and dread.” </li></ul>According to the Spanish colonial priest Bernardo de Las Casas:

Within 40 years the entire
Taino population was wiped out

Columbus re-named Ayiti “Hispaniola” “
Little Spain”

In 1695 Spain ceded the
Western third of the island to France France renamed it Saint-Dominque and grew cotton, indigo, tobacco and cocoa on huge plantations

In the 1780s Haiti grew
•40% of all sugar •60% of all coffee consumed in Europe Haiti was called the “ Pearl of the Antilles” Producing the most wealth of all French colonies

France achieved this colonial wealth
by enslaving millions of African people who were worked to death within 7 years!

This stolen wealth transformed France
from poverty to a wealthy imperial power

<ul><li>Under the most brutal conditions
imaginable! </li></ul>By the late 1700s more than 50,000 Africans were brought to Haiti every year

At the end of the
18th century there were up to 800,000 enslaved Africans in Haiti And only 32,000 French

A description of French torture
of Africans in Haiti <ul><li>&quot;Have they not hung up men with heads downward, drowned them in sacks, crucified them on planks, buried them alive, crushed them in mortars? </li></ul><ul><li>“… forced them to eat excrement? </li></ul><ul><li>“… thrown them into boiling cauldrons of cane syrup? </li></ul><ul><li>“… put men and women inside barrels studded with spikes and rolled them down mountainsides? </li></ul><ul><li>“… consigned them to man-eating dogs?” </li></ul>

This same process of slavery
and genocide took place in the U.S., throughout the Caribbean and South America

Same process of genocide against
Indigenous people: Wounded Knee

African people became Europe’s most
lucrative commodity

Slavery, genocide built capitalism: The
dollar sign was a symbol for slave shackles

The “founding fathers” were slave
owners, agents of genocide

Africans auctioned throughout U.S. created
billions of dollars of wealth And spawned thousands of spin off businesses for white America

Slave economy, land theft gave
opportunities for millions European immigrants

White workers sided with own
ruling class waging terror against African people

In Haiti Rebellions of African
people grew against brutal conditions

Africans organized and armed themselves
for freedom <ul><li>Thousands of Maroons liberated territory in Haiti’s mountains and made raids on plantations </li></ul>

Liberté Egalité Fraternité Inspired by
the demands of the French Revolution, Africans launched the first rebellion of the Haitian Revolution in 1791

In 1798 formerly enslaved Toussaint
L’ouverture led an African army that defeated the British invasion

Toussaint L’ouverture became the ruler
of the entire island and abolished slavery… but he did not declare independence from France

In 1802 Napoleon sent 30,000
of his best troops to try to reclaim Haiti

Napoleon then sent in his
brutal generals Rochambeau and Leclerc <ul><li>Rochambeau wrote to Napoleon that to reclaim Haiti, France must “declare the negroes slaves and destroy at least 30,000” African men and women. </li></ul><ul><li>He burned alive, hanged, drowned and tortured black prisoners, reviving such practices as burying Africans in piles of insects and boiling them in cauldrons of molasses. </li></ul>

Napoleon ordered slavery reinstated in
Haiti

The people rose up: determined
never to be re-enslaved

Toussaint and his people’s army
fought brilliantly—but he surrendered to the French!

The French brutally arrested Toussaint
and kidnapped him to France L’ouverture died of pneumonia, in brutal, freezing conditions in a French mountain prison

Jean Jacques Dessalines, Louverture’s chief
lieutenant, then led the Africans against the French

Dessalines always believed in nothing
short of total independence for Africans in Haiti

Haiti became Napoleon’s “Vietnam” Under
Dessalines, Africans waged a brilliant people’s war against the French

26,000 French troops were killed
by the African revolutionaries or died of yellow fever

Dessalines ordered each act of
French terror to be repaid in kind <ul><li>After one battle Rochambeau buried 500 Africans alive. </li></ul><ul><li>Dessalines responded by hanging 500 French prisoners. </li></ul>

The African liberation army of
Haiti included women soldiers

Dessalines and the Africans defeated
the French army, declaring independence on Jan. 1, 1804

The Africans renamed the country
Haiti in solidarity with the Indigenous people

Principles of Independent Haiti’s constitution
<ul><li>Africans and others escaping oppression anywhere in the world would be accepted in Haiti </li></ul><ul><li>All citizens would be known as “black” </li></ul><ul><li>Freedom of religion </li></ul><ul><li>No white person could own land in Haiti </li></ul>

The Haiti Revolution inspired Denmark
Vesey and other slave rebellions

Haiti’s revolution inspired Vicente Guerrero
in Mexico, Simon Bolivar in Venezuela

In 1825, Haiti was forced
by the US, Britain, France to pay France 90 million gold francs for “stolen property.” The “property” was African people themselves and land stolen by genocide ! <ul><li>That’s $90 billion in today’s gold prices! </li></ul><ul><li>Haiti was forced to continue these payments until 1947—122 years! </li></ul>

Haiti’s “reparations” supported France for
more than a hundred years, impoverishing Haiti

From 1824-1826 Independent Haiti accepted
13,000 Africans escaping terror in the U.S.

<ul><li>The U.S. </li></ul><ul><li>Occupied with marines
</li></ul><ul><li>Killed the people’s leaders </li></ul><ul><li>Set up neocolonialism </li></ul><ul><li>Looted Haiti’s treasury </li></ul><ul><li>Rewrote Haiti’s constitution ending the prohibition on white landownership. </li></ul>From 1915-1934 the U.S. occupied Haiti very brutally in the face of on-going people’s resistance

This is why Haiti is
the most impoverished country in the western hemisphere!

Resistance of African people in
Haiti against foreign domination has been constant

1950s: the U.S. set up
and backed the murderous neocolonial leader, François “Papa Doc” Duvalier, seen here with Nelson Rockefeller

Duvalier established the paramilitary death
squads, the Tonton Macutes, hated by the people

Despite the repression, on-going African
resistance ousted Baby Doc and the brutal Duvalier regime in 1986 Papa Doc was succeeded by his son Jean-Claude “Baby Doc”

In 1990 popular leader Jean-Bertrand
Aristide won 67% of the vote for president

Aristide was overthrown by a
U.S. backed coup in 1991

Again fierce resistance of the
people rose up

IMF “Structural Adjustment Program” policies
under Clinton deepened the poverty and destroyed Haiti’s rice industry

Aristide was “allowed” to return
to Haiti in 1994– accompanied by UN troops. Aristide was again elected in 2000—this time with 90% of vote.

US and IMF policies continue
to deepen the poverty: Africans in Haiti are forced to subsist on mud pies

The people of Haiti again
rose up in early 2004

In February, 2004, 200 years
after the victory of Haiti’s independence, Aristide was kidnapped by the U.S. and sent to Africa!

UN troops were again sent
in to brutally repress the people and their resistance!

U.S. corporate sweat shops use
slave-labor in Haiti

Corporations such as: <ul><li>Walt Disney:
Mickey Mouse t-shirts, pajamas </li></ul><ul><li>Rawlings baseball equipment </li></ul><ul><li>Nikes, Levis and many more </li></ul>

This is the background for
the earthquake of Jan. 12, 2010

For years Africans have been
fleeing to the U.S. to escape terror and poverty—at the risk of their lives!

Those who survive the trip
are put into U.S. immigration detention camps!

The earthquake “relief” is an
intensification of U.S. colonial occupation of Haiti—16,000 US Marines & 14,000 other military forces

<ul><li>42 cents for disaster assistance
</li></ul><ul><li>33 cents for military </li></ul><ul><li>9 cents for food </li></ul><ul><li>5 cents for Haitian survivors recovery efforts </li></ul><ul><li>1 cent to the government of Haiti </li></ul><ul><li>½ cent to Dominican Republic </li></ul><ul><li>(Associated Press, Jan. 27, 2010) </li></ul>Here’s how each dollar of earthquake donations breaks down:

U.S., Europe built on enslavement,
genocide, colonialism

African people live under colonialism
inside U.S. New Orleans - Haiti

African and colonized peoples imprisoned
by the millions

Spawning a trillion dollar blood
prison industry

African children in prison in
the U.S. Largest child prison population in entire world.

Blood prisons: gold rush at
expense of African people <ul><li>Prison pay phones make $15,000/day </li></ul><ul><li>93% of paints and paintbrushes </li></ul><ul><li>92% of stove assembly </li></ul><ul><li>36% of home appliances </li></ul><ul><li>30% of headphones, microphones, speakers </li></ul><ul><li>21% of office furniture </li></ul><ul><li>MADE BY PRISON SLAVE LABOR </li></ul>

Today Indigenous people impoverished on
reservations! With life expectancy in 40s !

Indigenous people terrorized on their
own stolen land

All white people sit on
pedestal of slavery, genocide

On a pedestal of slavery,
genocide: White America enjoys 50% of entire world’s resources

This is why the only
solution is the vision of the African People’s Socialist Party <ul><li>One Africa! One Nation! </li></ul><ul><li>Wherever they are located around the world, Africans are one people! </li></ul><ul><li>The total liberation of Africa and African people everywhere under the leadership of the African working class! </li></ul>

Africans are one people worldwide

African & colonized people have
a right to resist!

Uhuru Movement: power in the
hands of African working people

One Indigenous people throughout the
hemisphere

Africa’s resources must be in
hands of African people!

African People’s Socialist Party-Sierra Leone
formed 2009

All-African People’s Development & Empowerment
Programs

Uhuru House: Embassy to African
world

Uhuru Radio, Uhuru News

What can white people do?
Stand for Solidarity with African liberation: Not Charity!

Join the Uhuru Solidarity Movement

Support Africa’s Resources in African
Hands: Reparations

Raising resources for Uhuru community
kitchen, recording studio

A future of peace, justice
lies in the liberation of African and oppressed peoples

What you can do: Uhuru
Pies

Yoga with a Purpose What
ever you do best can contribute

One Africa! One Nation www.apscuhuru.org