APNIC Services Team Lead Anna Mulingbayan presented on the status of IPv6 and RPKI deployment at PhNOG 2022 held in Makati, Philippines from 11 to 15 July 2022.

1. 1
APNIC Update: IPv6 and RPKI
PHNOG 2022 Hybr1d
Anna Mulingbayan
11 July 2022

2. 2
IPv6 deployment status

3. 3
3
State of the world: Now
CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC %
IN 77.63% BE 63.84% MY 60.87% SA 58.79% MS 58.16% DE 53.77% GR 53.28% UY 51.14% US 50.83% LK 50.60%
FI 50.44% VN 49.77% TH 46.60% MX 44.99% HU 44.10% JP 42.90% IL 42.70% TW 41.97% AE 41.21% FR 40.65%
PT 39.40% MM 37.20% GB 36.72% EE 36.39% BR 36.09% LU 35.05% AX 34.73% AU 34.07% CA 32.31% GT 31.79%
World Average is 31.18%
CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC % CC %
AT 31.08% NL 31.05% CH 29.06% NP 28.12% SG 28.04% NZ 27.31% CN 26.10% PE 25.14% TT 24.92% IE 23.56%
RE 23.40% SX 23.32% LI 23.08% RO 23.03% PY 22.12% EC 22.06% CO 21.60% AR 20.36% MO 20.35% MQ 19.59%
CZ 19.41% NO 19.27% KW 18.49% GA 18.13% BO 17.58% TG 17.11% PL 17.08% GY 16.41% PH 16.16% GP 15.12%
CL 14.79% NI 13.76% LC 13.36% SE 12.85% JO 12.72% OM 12.49% LV 12.07% SI 11.78% BT 11.48% KR 11.11%
IS 11.07% GE 10.80% CG 10.61% ID 10.31% BY 10.25% JM 10.00% SV 9.87% MD 9.30% BA 8.99% DK 8.64%
ZW 8.63% SK 8.45% RW 8.30% BZ 7.51% KZ 7.32% BG 6.51% HR 6.32% RS 6.24% PF 6.15% AL 6.12%
IT 6.07% MF 5.90% VG 4.99% ES 4.11% EG 4.09% RU 3.57% PK 2.99% ZA 2.89% SC 2.86% HK 2.80%
AM 2.73% GD 2.69% BD 2.63% DO 2.41% SR 2.33% KE 2.20% LB 1.62% MC 1.54% HN 1.49% NC 1.38%
BF 1.18% GF 1.07%

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Asia Pacific punches above its weight!
• From 56 APNIC economies, in 2018 4 were above average,
7 average and 2 below average:
– 23% of the region’s economies had visible IPv6 capability above 1%
• In 2022, 9 economies are above average, 10 average and 4
below average, for a total of 23 from 56.
– 41% of the region’s economies are now visible in IPv6 capability
above 1%

5. 5
Economy contribution to world IPv6
levels: Then and now
IN
35%
CN
19%
US
14%
BR
5%
JP
5%
DE
4%
MX
3%
VN
2%
FR
2%
GB
2%
TH
1%
MY
1%
SA
1%
CA
1%
TW
1%
PH
1%
AU
1%
BE
1%
AR
1%
CO
1%
% contrib
IN
43.47%
US
22%
BR
7%
JP
5%
DE
5%
GB
3%
FR
2%
CN
2%
VN
1%
CA
1%
MY
1%
MX
1%
BE
1%
TH
1%
AU
1%
KR
1%
GR
0%
SA
0%
TW
0%
AR
0%
2018 2022

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Asia Pacific continues to dominate
• India’s relative contribution has shrunk
• But the second rank contributor is now China, not the US,
even though IPv6 capability ranks lower in our
measurements
• Japan’s ranking is largely unchanged
• Thailand, Viet Nam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Australia all
increased ranking and contribution
– Indonesia is JUST outside the top 20 rankings
• APNIC economies are 66% of all IPv6 capability seen

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Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
2014-01-01 2015-01-01 2016-01-01 2017-01-01 2018-01-01 2019-01-01 2020-01-01 2021-01-01 2022-01-01
%
IPv6
Capable
Date
Malaysia
Singapore
Indonesia

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Three diverging stories for three
neighbours
• Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia are interesting to look
at because they are physically close, but radically different
Internet economies

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Malaysia top five by sample volume
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
2014-01-01 2015-01-01 2016-01-01 2017-01-01 2018-01-01 2019-01-01 2020-01-01 2021-01-01 2022-01-01
%
IPv6
Capable
Date
Malaysia
TM Net
Maxis
Celcom
Digi
U Mobile

10. 10
Malaysia
• Malaysia has had a continued rise, with significant
deployment at scale across the market leaders
– Is this a coordinated activity?
– It’s not divergent amongst this cohort

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11
Singapore top five by sample volume
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
2014-01-01 2015-01-01 2016-01-01 2017-01-01 2018-01-01 2019-01-01 2020-01-01 2021-01-01 2022-01-01
%
IPv6
Capable
Date
Singapore
CloudFlare
Singtel Fibre
Starhub
MobileOne
Singtel Mobile

12. 12
Singapore.. is complicated
• Singapore has increased, but there are signs that Singtel
(Temasek) is not deploying IPv6 on either mobile or fibre
– Arguably a market share/IPv4 holdings drive; they don’t need the
complexity of IPv6, and have a lot of IPv4
– Overall, the rate of increase is somewhat low
• Significant IPv6 deployment in Singapore is for
content/CDN not for end users
– Cloudflare did a rapid, dual-stack deployment and show up in end
user measurement because of ad inter-mediation, and VPN services

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Indonesia top five by sample volume
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
2014-01-01 2015-01-01 2016-01-01 2017-01-01 2018-01-01 2019-01-01 2020-01-01 2021-01-01 2022-01-01
%
IPv6
Capable
Date
Indonesia
Telcomnet
TelcomSel
Indosat
XL
Hutchinson

14. 14
Indonesia
• Indonesia did not show up at scale in 2018
– Telcomnet had early signs but ‘disappeared’ until recently
• Trial deployment that had issues?
• Since 2020 there has been the beginnings of deployment
by some of the market leaders
– And a return of Telcomnet
• There are far more deployments among the very large
cohort of ‘stub’ ASNs in Indonesia, but they individually
service very few customers
– 1800 ASNs for a population of 275M

15. 15
15
China top five by sample volume
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
2014-01-01 2015-01-01 2016-01-01 2017-01-01 2018-01-01 2019-01-01 2020-01-01 2021-01-01 2022-01-01
%
IPv6
Capable
Date
China
Chinanet
Unicom Backbone
China Mobile
China Telecom
Unicom Beijing

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China has moved at scale (slowly)
• Until mid-late 2018 China did not show any real adoption
• China has now set a goal of running single-stack IPv6
network by 2030 — this will have significant impact
regionally
• Since mid-2018 we see signs across all the major ISPs of
IPv6 adoption
– There are possibilities the mechanisms used by APNIC, Akamai and
Google do not entirely reflect adoption levels inside China; some
ISPs report significantly higher deployment at scale

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Philippines
16%

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Philippines
• Market leaders need to deploy IPv6 to move up the scale
• Learn from neighbouring economies who have successfully
deployed IPv6
• Do we need a community driven and coordinated strategy?
• Generate data to justify your deployment
– Tools to generate IPv6 data https://rex.apnic.net/ and
https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/

19. 19
RPKI and ROA status

20. 20
RPKI in a nutshell
RPKI
Public key infrastructure framework
designed to secure the Internet’s routing
infrastructure, particularly BGP
ROA
Digitally signed, cryptographic
object that contains IP prefixes
mapped to an ASN
Image source: Cloudflare
Image source: Internet

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RPKI deployment steps
1. Create ROAs
2. Implement Route Origin Validation (ROV)
3. Drop invalids

22. 22
Create ROAs – How is PH doing?
https://lirportal.ripe.net/certification/content/static/statistics/world-roas.html
Economy %
PH 95.17%
MY 94.14%
MM 88.19%
LA 77.93%
SG 70.22%
TH 66.19%
KH 66.18%
ID 38.8%
TL 38.6%
VN 13.95%

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Questions?