thermal thermoelectric serial efficiency gasoline comparison compressed air power vehicle battery electric system efficiency energy density carbon footprint diesel cost alfred piggott gentherm nrel battery thermal management steam rankine cycle power generation generating power via mechanical work closed compression cycles deep economizers waste heat grades direct electrical conversion systems direct contact condensation recovery organic rankine cycle absorption heat pumps heat pumps open cycle vapor recompression transport membrane condenser systems for waste heat recovery load preheating kalina cycle low grade recovery indirect condensation recovery heat exchangers chevy volt types of battery cooling systems battery cooling direct refrigerant battery cooling system cabin air cooled battery cooling air cooled battery cooling mercedes s400 blue hybrid nissan leaf tesla toyota prius thermal management joule heater resistive battery heater independent air cooled battery cooling alternating current battery heater battery heating thermalrefrigerant chilled battery cooling system in addition to improving subsystem design paramete hybrid vehicle model optimization and customer satisfaction develop control accuracy objective operate simulink sub-models hev acceleration control strategy vehicle cost hev simulink sub-models over the udds drive cycle improved control strategy
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