Apps for Behaviour Change
Andrew
Nash
GreenCityStreets.com
TIDE
and
SUCCEED
Conference
Leipzig
May
28,
2015

Outline
• Gamifica(on
–
a
technique
• Behaviour
change
• Passive
behaviour
change:
use
• Ac(ve
behaviour
change:
supply
• Par(cipa(on:
supplying
sustainable
transport

GamificaKon
• Gamifica(on
applies
the
fun
and
addic)ng
elements
in
games
to
real-­‐world
ac(vi(es.
• It
focuses
on
the
human
in
the
system,
as
opposed
to
pure
efficiency
of
the
system.
• When
it
comes
to
playing
games,
kids
have
amazing
work
ethics.
(Yu-­‐Kai
Chou)
• "gamifica(on
is
exci(ng
because
it
promises
to
make
the
hard
stuff
in
life
fun”
(Google).

Game
QualiKes:
to
improve
society
1. Urgent
op(mism
(challenging
but
possible
tasks);
2. Social
fabric
(people
tend
to
like
people
beVer
aWer
playing
games
with
them);
3. Working
on
challenging
tasks
(people
are
happier
when
working
hard);
4. Games
provide
epic
meaning
(akin
to
purpose
in
the
real
world).
Source:
Jane
McGonigal

Core
Drives:
Yu-­‐Kai
Chou
-­‐
Octalysis
1. Meaning
(Wikipedia)
2. Challenges
(points,
badges,
leaderboards);
3. Crea(vity
and
feedback
(Lego);
4. Ownership
(virtual
goods,
stamp
collec(ng)
5. Social
connec(on
(compe((on,
coopera(on,
etc.);
6. Unpredictability
&
Curiosity
7. Scarcity
8. Loss
avoidance

GamificaKon
• Not
just
for
games:
Game
designers
were
first
to
iden(fy
and
use
the
techniques;
• Gamifica(on
is
extremely
powerful;
• But,
gamifica(on
is
also
very
complex:
it’s
much
more
than
just
adding
points,
badges
and
leaderboards
to
websites;
• Get
professional
advice!

Behaviour
Change
Four
stages
of
behaviour
change:
1. Pre-­‐contempla(ve
stage
2. Contempla(ve
stage
3. Prepara(on/ac(on
stage
4. Maintenance
stage
Source:
MAX-­‐SEM
from
EPOMM
website

Stages
of
behaviour
change:
Example
1. Pre-­‐contempla(ve:
People
with
no
inten(on
to
reduce
their
car
use.
2. Contempla(ve:
People
thinking
about
reducing
their
car
use.
3. Prepara(on/ac(on:
People
who
have
a
strategy
and/or
have
tried
a
strategy
for
reducing
their
car
use
(e.g.
cycling
to
work).
4. Maintenance:
People
who
have
adopted
the
new
behaviour
and
formed
a
new
habit.
Source:
MAX-­‐SEM
from
EPOMM
website

Passive
behaviour
change:
Use
sustainable
transport.
AcKve
behaviour
change:
Provide
sustainable
transport.

Passive:
use
sustainable
transport
• Mobility
management!
• Apps
and
gamifica(on
can
help
by:
– Providing
informa(on
(how)
– Encouraging
behaviour
change
(why)
– Maintaining
new
behaviour
(support)
• Develop
and
apply
apps,
social
networks
and
gamifica(on
to
mobility
management.

AcKve:
provide
sustainable
transport
• Informa(on
technology
has
vastly
increased
the
ability
of
people
to
par(cipate;
• This
increased
ability
to
par(cipate
is
revolu,onising
society.
• Here
are
some
cu0ng
edge
solu,ons
…

How
do
people
provide
sustainable
transport?
A. Provide
informaKon
&
ideas
B. Analyze
data
C. Decide
(people
collaborate)
D. Act
InformaKon
Analyze
Decide
Act
Support

A.
Input:
simple
and
ubiquitous
• Social
media
• ReporKng
applicaKons
• Sensor
data

Chicago
Transit
Authority
–
TwiZer
Feed

Zurich
Public
Transport
Authority
–
Facebook
Page

SeeClickFix
page
for
San
Francisco
hVp://seeclickfix.com

Traffic
Check
hVp://www.trafficcheck.at/
User
friendly
features
needed
for
mobile
phone
reporKng:
• automaKc
geo
locaKon,
• logical
informaKon
flow,
• check
boxes
for
data
entry.

Meine
Radspur,
Vienna
hVp://www.meineradspur.at/

Street
Bump,
Boston
hVp://streetbump.org/

• City
data
–
open
data
or
scraped.
• CiKzen
data
–
cheap
sensors.
B.
Data:
you
can’t
hide

CiKzen
developed
applicaKons
and
visualizaKons
from
open
data.
Stumble
Safely,
Washington
D.C.

WayCount
vehicle
counter
and
sobware
www.waycount.com

Smart
CiKzen
sensor
and
sobware
hVp://www.smartci(zen.me/

• EducaKon
–
transport
is
complex
• BeZer
processes
–
mee(ng
management
• Increased
engagement
–
more
is
beVer
C.
Decide:
collaborate
efficiently

BusMeister
…
public
transport
learning
hVp://greencitystreets.com

Improve
Public
Transport
wiki
…
crowd-­‐sourced
informaKon
about
public
transport.
hVp://greencitystreets.com

VisualizaKon
...
Par(cipatory
Chinatown
Boston
Using
virtual
reality
to
help
understand
city
planning.
hVp://www.par(cipatorychinatown.org/

VisualisaKon
of
street
cross
secKons...
streetmix
hVp://streetmix.net

San
Francisco
Mind
Mixer
website
www.improveSF.com

Shareabouts
–
geo
collaboraKon
openplans.org/work/shareabouts/

GreenCityStreets.com
…
Facebook-­‐based
collaboraKon

Loomio
–
public
infrastructure
for
collaboraKve
decision
making
www.loomio.org
-­‐
please
support
their
crowd
funding
effort!

Ring
Ride
–
Game
to
encourage
par,cipa,on
www.ringstrasse150.com

Grr-­‐Grr-­‐Bike
–
Game
for
educaKon
+
engagement.
www.grr-­‐grr-­‐bike.com

D.
Act:
disrup,ve
change
• InformaKon
–
TwiVer
real
(me
transport
• Civic
organisaKon
–
596
Acres,
Casserole
• Sharing
society
–
P2P
ridesharing
• Crowd-­‐sourced
civic
works
–
Kickstarter
• DisrupKve
businesses
–
Uber,
Bridj

InformaKon
exchange
and
organisaKon
…
596
Acres

Using
games
to
influence
behaviour
…
Chromaroma
(London)

Crowdfunding
for
civic
improvements
…
Kickstarter

App-­‐based
public
transport

Designing
passionate,
people-­‐powered
public
services
Casserole
is
an
example
of
how
understanding
ci,zens
as
producers
as
well
as
consumers
leads
to
services
that
help
communi(es
turn
the
issues
they’re
passionate
about
into
ways
to
be
more
self-­‐
sufficient
and
less
invested
in
expensive
public
services.

Summary
1. Gamifica(on
is
a
powerful
tool
for
behaviour
change.
2. Informa(on
technology
has
fundamentally
changed
the
role
of
government.
3. IT
applica(ons
enable
ac(ve
par(cipa(on
–
government
must
embrace
this
development.
4. Recognise
that
if
you
don’t
do
it
–
someone
else
will.

Andrew
Nash
develops
engaging
public
par(cipa(on
applica(ons
and
games
designed
to
improve
city
livability
and
transport.
• GreenCityStreets.com
• Ringstrasse150.com/wp/
• AndyNash.com