2. Disposi'on
• Par'cipatory
Culture
• Mo'va'onsteori
–
Ryan
&
Deci
• Mo'va'on
i8.
brugerak'vitet
på
ne>et
– Uses
&
Gra'fica'ons
– Organiza'onal
Comitment
• Strategiske
perspek'ver
• Peer-‐feedback
på
tekster
• Researcharbejde
med
blogindlæg
3. Grundlæggende
spørgsmål
• Hvad
mo'verer
individer
'l
at
skabe
online
indhold?
• Hvilke
poten'aler
skal
tjenesterne
have
for
at
lukrere
på
brugerinvolvering?
• Hvordan
kan
man
undersøge
de>e
i
en
eksamensopgave?
4. Par'cipatory
culture
Deltagelse
via:
• Affilia'ons
—
memberships,
formal
and
informal
• Expressions
—
producing
new
crea've
forms
• Collabora've
Problem-‐solving
—
working
together
in
teams,
formal
and
informal,
to
complete
tasks
and
develop
new
knowledge
• Circula'ons
—
Shaping
the
flow
of
media
-‐
Jenkins
et
al
2006
5. Par'cipatory
culture
1. Rela'vely
low
barriers
to
ar's'c
expression
and
civic
engagement
2. Strong
support
for
crea'ng
and
sharing
one’s
crea'ons
with
others
3. Some
type
of
informal
mentorship
whereby
what
is
known
by
the
most
experienced
is
passed
along
to
novices
4. Where
members
believe
that
their
contribu'ons
ma>er
5. Where
members
feel
some
degree
of
social
connec'on
with
one
another.
-‐
Jenkins
et
al
2006
6. Par'cipatory
culture
“We
are
moving
away
from
a
world
in
which
some
produce
and
many
consume
media
toward
one
in
which
everyone
has
a
more
ac(ve
stake
in
the
culture
that
is
produced.”
-‐
Jenkins
et
al
2006
7. Par'cipatory
culture
To
former
for
deltagelse:
• Explicit
Par'cipa'on
(ak'vt,
Jenkins)
• Implicit
Par'cipa'on
(passivt,
registrende
brug
af
Web
2.0)
-‐
Schäfer,
2011
8. Lurkers
vs.
registrerede
brugere
Lurkers
–
non-‐public
users
–
anonymous
users
(gejng
info,
entertainment)
Vs.
Registered
users
–
contributors
(provide
info,
status,
social
interac'on)
“Once
the
user
feels
confident
and
comfortable
as
part
of
the
community,
she
might
stop
lurking
and
become
an
ac've
par'cipant
of
the
community.”
Lampe
et.
al
2010
“The
most
common
role
in
most,
if
not
all,
online
communi3es
is
that
of
“lurker,”
the
person
who
reads
but
never
posts.”
(Baym
2010)
9. Lurkers
vs.
registrerede
brugere
• Par'cipa'on
Inequality
• ”Power
law”
-‐
Jakob
Nielsen,
2006
h>p://www.nngroup.com/ar'cles/par'cipa'on-‐inequality/
11. Mo'va'on
• To
be
mo'vated
means
to
be
moved
to
do
something.
• People
have
not
only
different
amounts,
but
also
different
kinds
of
mo'va'on.
• Orienta'on
of
mo'va'on
concerns
the
underlying
ajtudes
and
goals
that
give
rise
to
ac'on—that
is,
it
concerns
the
why
of
ac'ons.
(Ryan
&
Deci,
2000:
54)
12. Mo'va'onsteori
• Intrinsic
mo3va3on:
at
gøre
noget
fordi
det
er
interessant
eller
fordi
det
medfører
nydelse.
Ledt
af
noget
inde
i
individet
• Extrinsic
mo3va3on:
at
gøre
noget
fordi
det
fører
belønninger
med
sig.
Ledt
af
noget
uden
for
individet
13. Mo'va'onsteori
Intrinsic
mo'va'on:
-‐ Indefrakommende
psykologiske
behov
fx.:
-‐ Feelings
of
competence
-‐ Sense
of
autonomy
-‐ Internal
locus
of
causality
15. Mo'va'onsteori
Hvordan
faciliterer
man
integrated
extrinsic
mo'va'on?:
• Relatedness
–
sense
of
belonging
and
connectedness
• Competence
–
supports
for
competence
(op'mal
challenges,
feedback)
• Autonomy
–
less
control
in
contexts
16. Mo'va'onsteori
2
perspek(ver:
• Uses
&
Gra'fica'on
– kogni'vt,
individuelt
perspek'v,
opfyldelse
af
behov
• Organiza'onal
commitment
– social
iden'tet,
'lhørsforhold,
sociale
rela'oner
-‐Lampe
et
al
2010
17. Mo'va'onsteori
”Finally,
in
our
findings
perceived
ability
to
use
the
site
features,
which
can
be
roughly
mapped
to
usability,
had
li?le
role
in
explaining
inten(ons
to
par(cipate.
This
could
mean
that
designers
need
to
focus
not
just
on
usable
technical
tools,
but
on
social
and
technical
systems
that
support
social
and
personal
gra'fica'on
mo'ves.”
-‐Lampe
et
al
2010
18. Uses
&
Gra'fica'on
Tre
mo(ver
(l
at
bruge
Wikipedia:
• 1.)
Gejng
informa'on
• 2.)
Sharing
Informa'on
• 3.)
Entertainment
-‐
Rafaeli
et
al
2009
Mo(ver
(l
at
bidrage
(l
online
communi(es:
• Purposive
value
(get
info/provide
info)
• Self
Discovery
• Maintaining
interpersonal
connec'vity
• Social
enhancement
• Entertainment
-‐
Dholokia
et
al.
2004
19. Organiza'onal
Commitment
Social
iden(ty-‐teori
• Affinity
• Sense
of
belonging
• Social
loafing
“Par'cipants
begin
to
regard
other
par'cipants
as
parts
to
an
ethical
order,
a
‘community’,
and
they
begin
to
care
about
their
standing,
reputa'on
or
‘cred’
in
the
face
of
others”
Arvidsson
2006,
p.
106
20. Affinity
Spaces
"An
affinity
space
is
a
place
or
set
of
places
where
people
affiliate
with
others
based
primarily
on
shared
ac'vi'es,
interests,
and
goals,
not
shared
race,
class
culture,
ethnicity,
or
gender”
Gee
2004,
p.
67
21. • Interessebåret
• På
tværs
af
evner,
alder,
køn
mv.
• Deltagerniveauer:
Eksperter,
øvede,
novicer
• Eksper'se:
Beta-‐reading/editorial
feedback
• Anonymitet?
”Par'cipants
in
the
beta-‐reading
process
learn
both
by
receiving
feedback
on
their
own
work
and
by
giving
feedback
to
others,
crea'ng
an
ideal
peer-‐to-‐peer
learning
community.”
“Asking
why
people
learn
more,
par'cipate
more
ac'vely,
engage
more
deeply
with
popular
culture
than
they
do
with
the
contents
of
their
textbooks.”
-‐Jenkins
et
al
2006
22. Mo'va'on
for
at
blogge
• Documen'ng
one’s
life
• Providing
commentary
and
opinions
• Expressing
deeply
felt
emo'ons
• Ar'cula'ng
ideas
through
wri'ng
• Forming
and
maintaining
community
forums
-‐
Nardi
et
al,
2004
23. Strategiske
perspek(ver
• Producere
brugerudviklede
innova'oner
'l
kommercielt
salg/'lbyde
at
frems'lle
specialprodukter
'l
specifikke
brugere.
• Sælge
”Tool
Kits”
eller
'lbyde
plavorme,
der
faciliterer
og/
eller
le>er
brugerens
innova'onsrelaterede
adfærd/behov
for
produkter,
der
udfylder
specifikke
behov.
• Sælge
produkter,
der
komplementerer
brugerudviklede
innova'oner.
24. Strategiske
perspek(ver
Axel
Bruns’
crowdsourcing-‐modeller
(inspireret
af
JC
Herz’
begreb
”harnessing
the
hive”):
• ‘Strukturere’
(Harnessing
the
hive)
• ‘Høste’
(Harves'ng
the
hive)
• ‘S'lle
rum
'l
rådighed
for’
(Harbouring
the
hive)
• ‘Overtage’
(Hijacking
the
hive)
25. • Hvilke
mo'va'oner
er
der
for
brugerne
i
disse
to
eksempler?
• Kan
vi
karakterisere
det
som
produsage?
• Hvilke
af
Bruns
Hive-‐modeller
har
relevans
for
disse
eks.?
26.
Hvordan
undersøger
vi
mo'va'on
i
brugerinvolvering?
27. Peer-‐feedback
• Sæt
jer
ind
i
spillereglerne
for
feedbackspillet
• Gennemfør
feedbackspillet
med
de
tekster,
som
I
har
ha8
med
'l
i
dag
• Fokuser
på
at
give
konstruk'v
kri'k
28. Research
-‐ Forbered
30
min.
oplæg
'l
næste
gang
-‐ Udvælg
de
to
tekster,
som
vi
andre
også
skal
læse
-‐ Forbered
en
ak'vitet
for
resten
af
holdet
-‐ Lav
et
introducerende
blogindlæg
om
emnet,
hvor
der
indgår
referencer
(inden
mandag)
29. Næste
gang
• 2
tekster
• Respondenter
på
oplægget
• Ca.
30
min.
Oplæg
• Inkl.
ak'vitet
hvor
vi
bliver
ak'verede!
30. Gruppearbejde
-‐ Vælg
en
medieform
indenfor
fagets
genstandsfelt
(fx
blogs,
Internet
fora,
LBS,
SNS)
-‐ Hvilke
mo'va'onsformer
for
brugerak'vitet
findes
i
medieformerne?
-‐ Hvad
kan
bidrage
'l
at
øge
ak'viteten?
-‐ Skriv
blogindlæg
