Intends to discuss about new data centric environment challenges due tsunami data traffic in mobile broadband and how industry is being prepared to address all of these changes.

1. 14th Rio Wireless
Alberto Boaventura
2014-05-13
4G & Beyond
Changes and Challenges

2. Changes and Challenges
TELECOMM BECOMES MOBILE MOBILE BECOMES DATA DATA BECOMES VIDEO VIDEO BECOMES SOCIAL
0
200
400
600
800
1.000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Smartphones
Tablets
Netbooks
Notebooks
Desktops
Source: Morgan Stanley & Nomura 2012
WorldDeviceShipments(Millions)
Source: Ericsson 2013
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
1000
1800
Voice
Data
Total(UL+DL)traffic(PetaBytes)
Source: Cisco VNI 2012
12
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
6
Mobile File Sharing
Mobile M2M
Mobile Web/Data
Mobile Video
Exabytespermonth
In 2016, Social Newtorking will be second
highest penetrated consumer mobile service
with 2, 4 billion users – 53% of consumer
mobile users - Cisco 2012
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
10
6
LTE
UMTS/HSPA
GSM;EDGE
TD-SCDMA
CDMA
Other
WorldMobileSub.(Billions)
Source: Ericsson 2012
Voice
Centric
Data
Centric
Traffic
Reveue
1
2 3 4
5
RAPID LIFE CYCLE M2M, NEW DEVICES & APPS.CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE TRAFFIC & REVENUE DECOUPLING

3. 𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ≤ 𝒆 ∙ 𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑲
𝑺
𝑵 + 𝑰
𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ≤ 𝒆 ∙ 𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑲
𝑺
𝑵 + 𝑰
200 MHz/Operator 30 bps/Hz 1000 Mbps/km2
More Spectrum New
Technologies Split Cells
Changes and Challenges
Release 99 Release 5 Release 8 Release 10
1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 1,000 Mbps 10,000 Mbps
2018
x1000
Mobile
Broadband
Growth

4. About
Spectrum

5. Spectrum Requirement
Spectrum Requirements per Operator
(Rysavy Research – February 2010):
The expectation is to be needed over
than 200 MHz per operator in 2016.
Band UL
(MHz)
DL
(MHz)
Width (*) WRC 3GPP (LTE) Anatel
450 MHz 451-457 461-468 14 MHz 2007 Band 31 Res 558/2010
700 MHz 703-748 758-803 90 MHz 2007 Band 28 Res 625/2013
850 MHz 824 - 849 869 - 894 25 MHz 2000 Band 5 Res 454/2006
900 MHz 898,5 - 901;
943,5 - 946
907,5 - 915;
952,5 - 960
10 MHz 2000 Band 8 Res 454/2006
1800 MHz 1.710-1785 1805-1880 150 MHz 1992/
2000
Band 3 Res 454/2006
2100 MHz 1920-1975 2110-2165 110 MHz 2000 Band 1 Res 454/2006
2600 MHz 2500-2570 2620-2690 140 MHz 2007 Band 7 Res 544/2010
3500 MHz 3400-3600 (TDD) 200 MHz 2007 Band 42 Res 537/2010
Brazil: 330 MHz (Res 454/2006) and recently 204
MHz (Res 544/2010).
But due CAP constraint, only 120-140 MHz per
operator is allowed.
 Spectrum Aggregation
 Sensing and Cognitive radio technologies for
spectrum sharing
 Offloading with fallback techniques to exclusive
global bands, e.g. for mobility/roaming.
 ITU-R forecasts a need of 1280 to 1720 MHz in
the medium term for IMT (before 2020)
 Global IMT spectrum of 715 MHz currently
available, plus <300 MHz on a regional basis
 WRC’12 confirmed the intention to allocate
more spectrum to IMT in the 700 MHz band
(~90 MHz)
 FCC: Make 500 MHz of spectrum newly
available for broadband within 10 years
 European Comm.: 1200 MHz (incl. exist. 625
MHz) to be allocated to mobile broadband by
2015
 Need to consider shared spectrum: Unlicensed
spectrum, unlicensed secondary usage or
Licensed Secondary Access (LSA) e.g. in TV
white space,
WORLD SPECTRUM FORECAST SPECTRUM PER OPERATOR SPECTRUM IN BRAZIL
LICENSED SPECTRUM NEW SPECTRUM NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
ITU-R M.2078 projection for the global spectrum
requirements in order to accomplish the IMT-2000
future development, IMT-Advanced, in 2020.
531
MHz
749
MHz
971
MHz
749
MHz
557
MHz
723
MHz
997
MHz
723
MHz
587
MHz
693
MHz
1027
MHz
693
MHz
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

6. CARRIER AGGREGATION IN DETAIL SCENARIOS REQUESTED CA WIS
Spectrum Flexibility
20 MHz
15 MHz
10 MHz
5 MHz
3 MHz
1,4 MHz
UL DL
Frequency
FDD
DL UL
Time
TDD
In 3GPP Release 12 defines 43 Band
schemes to LTE
Intra & Inter Band
Band X
Band y
DIFFERENT BANDWIDTHS TDD & FDD SUPPOORT SEVERAL SUPPORTED BANDS CARRIER AGGREGATION
PCell
SCell
PDCCH/PDSCH/PUSCH
Dynamically
activated/deactivated for
UE battery saving
Rel-10 UE has one PCell
(UE specific) and may
have up to 4 SCell
PDCCH/PDSCH/PUSCH/PUCCH
Measurement, mobility TAU procedures
 Carrier aggregation Support wider bandwidth
 Two or more component carriers
 Up to 100MHz and for spectrum aggregation
 Each component carrier limited to a maximum
of 110 RBs
 Carrier aggregation type: Contiguous; Non-
contiguous
F1
F2
F1 and F2 cells are co-located
but different azimuth
F1 = F2 or F1  F2
Scenario 1
F1 and F2 overlaid & Same
coverage
F1 = F2
Scenario 2
F1 and F2 overlaid,, but F2
has smaller coverage
F2> F1
Scenario 3
Similar to scenario #2, but
frequency selective repeaters are
deployed so that coverage is
extended for one of the carrier
frequencies
Scenario 4
F1 provides macro coverage
and on F2 Is used to hot spots
F2>F1
Scenario 5
Requester/Rapourter Bands
China Telecomm B1,B7
TeliaSonera B3, B7
Rogers B4,B7
China Unicom B7,B7
Vodafone B3, B20
Huawei (Orange) B3, B20
Vodafone B8, B20
Cox B4, B12
US Cellular B5, B12
Ericsson (Verizon) B4, B13
AT&T B2, B17
AT&T B4, B17
AT&T B5, B17
Sprint B25, B25
Huawei (CMCC) B38, B38
Clearwire B41, B41

7. About
New Technology

8. Spectral Efficiency
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
200kHz
25 TRX
3,84MHz
1 WCDMA Carrier
r
R
D
i
j
i
jD
r
R
D
i
j
i
jD
Codec FR
D = 4 / Sector = 3
Reuse = 4 x 3
#Ckt/Sector= 2x7=14
Codec AMR 12.2
127 Walsh Codes
Reuse = 1
%SHO=20%
#Ckt/Sector = 64
24 Erl/BTS 160 Erl/NodeB
r
R
D
i
j
i
jD
PRBs
...
7Symbols
12 subcarriers
25 Resource Blocks
700 Erl/eNBCodec AMR 12.2
25 PRBs - 300 REs
200 -250 users/ Sector
2G (GSM) 3G (UMTS/HSPA) LTE
HSPA+ 2100 MHZ VS LTE 2600 MHZ 3G (UMTS/HSPA) LTE
Voice Capacity @ 5 MHz
Data Capacity @ 5 MHz
Source: Brendan McWilliams, Yannick Le Pézennec, Grahame
Collins Vodafone Technology Networks, Access Competence
Centre, Madrid, Spain & Newbury, United Kingdom 2012
𝑻𝒉𝒓 = #𝑪𝒐𝒅𝒔 × 𝑴𝒐𝒅 × 𝑭𝑬𝑪 ×
𝐶ℎ𝑖𝑝𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝑺𝑭
𝑻𝒉𝒓 = 𝟏𝟓 × 𝟔 × 𝟏 ×
𝟑, 𝟖𝟒
𝟏𝟔
= 𝟐𝟏 𝑴𝒃𝒑𝒔
𝑻𝒉𝒓 = #𝑴𝑰𝑴𝟎 × #𝑹𝑩𝒔 × 𝑴𝒐𝒅 × 𝑭𝑬𝑪 ×
#𝑪𝒂𝒓.× #𝑺𝒚𝒎𝒃
𝑻𝑻𝑰/𝟐
𝑻𝒉𝒓 = 𝟐 × 𝟐𝟓 × 𝟔 × 𝟏 ×
𝟏𝟐 × 𝟔 − 𝟏𝟐
𝟎, 𝟓
= 𝟑𝟔 𝑴𝒃𝒑𝒔
MIMO Yes, but not for existing network
Modulation QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM
Intereference Rake Receiver
Limitation Up Link limitation due interference
MIMO Yes,
Modulation QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM
Intereference FRF/ICIC
Limitation CoMP/ICIC/e-ICIC
Hundreds of users per NodeB Thousands of users per eNB

9. Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO)
MCS, PMI, RI
CQI, PMI, RI
CRS
Closed loop, codebook precoding
MCS
CQI
CRS, DRS
Open loop, non-codebook precodingTM
Transmission scheme of
PDSCH
CQI mode
Mode 1 Single-antenna port CQI
Mode 2 Transmit diversity CQI
Mode 3
Open-loop spatial
multiplexing
CQI
Mode 4
Closed-loop spatial
multiplexing
CQI, RI, PMI
Mode 5 Multi-user MIMO CQI, PMI
Mode 6
Closed-loop Rank=1
precoding
CQI, PMI
Mode 7
Beamforming Single-
antenna port; port
CQI
Mode 8 Dual layer beamforming CQI, RI, PMI
Mode 9
Switching SU & MU-
MIMO till 8
CQI, RI
h11
h12
h21
h22
𝒀 =
𝒉 𝟏𝟏 𝒉 𝟏𝟐
𝒉 𝟐𝟏 𝒉 𝟐𝟐
𝑿 + 𝑵
SNR
BER
𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ~𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏+, 𝒎𝒊𝒏(𝑴 𝑻𝒙, 𝑴 𝑹𝒙) ∙ 𝑺𝑵𝑹
min(MTx , MRx) Antenas
Capacidade
𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ~, 𝒎𝒊𝒏(𝑴 𝑻𝒙, 𝑴 𝑹𝒙) ∙ 𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹
BASIC IDEA MULTIPLEXING DIVERSITY BEAMFORMING
1=0º
1=45º
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180
...
p1
p2
pN

TRANSMISSION MODE CLOSED/OPEN LOOP MU-MIMO FD-MIMO
 Individual streams are assigned to various
users,
 Particularly useful in the uplink because the
complexity on the UE side can be kept at a
minimum by using only one transmit
antenna.
 Users separated by spatial signatures
 Spatial signatures are typically not orthogonal
 May require interference reduction (MUD,
cancellation, etc.)
h11
h12
h21
h22
 Improved beamforming capability (vertical
and horizontal active beamforming)
 Improved system capacity
 Easy adaptation to traffic and UE population
change
 Flexible partitioning of antenna resource for
coverage and capacity
4x
3x
2x
1x
Capacity
Coverage
𝒁 = 𝒑 𝑯
∙ 𝑿

10. Active Antenna System (AAS)
Advanced BS platform with
optimized structure, cost, and
performance features that
meet operator requirements
for mobile broadband (MBB)
services.
A principal advantage of
active antennas is their ability
to create and steer beams
within the cell.
AAS
1=0º
1=45º
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180
...
p1
p2
pN

Beamforming works by changing
the phase and relative amplitude
of the signal emitted from each
radiating element, to create
constructive or destructive
interference.
BEANFORMING
Rx2
Rx1
Cell2
Cell1
f2
f1
Rx
Tx
GSM
LTE
SEGREGATED UE BEAM STEERING FLEXIBLE RX DIVERSITY VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL CELL SPLIT
SEPARATE RX-TX TILTING SEPARATE IRAT TILTING SEPARATE CARRIER TILTING

11. About
Split Cell

12. SMALLCELLS & HETNET
High Traffic Density
0,0 Mbps/km2
100,0 Mbps/km2
200,0 Mbps/km2
300,0 Mbps/km2
400,0 Mbps/km2
500,0 Mbps/km2
0,3 km0,4 km0,5 km0,6 km0,7 km
Coverage Capacity
2015
156% 156%
Capacity
2016
2014
2015
2016
2013
 Downlink: Terminal camped on in macro is
interfered by a small cell. And terminal
served by a small cell to connect the edge
of cell will be interfered by the macro cell.
 Uplink : one terminal connected in macro
and close to the cell border creates strong
interference in a small cell next. And large
number of connected terminals in small
cells generate uplink interference in the
macro cell.
 They both are addressed with
sophisticated mechanisms like ICIC, e-ICIC
and CoMP
 IP Access (MPLS-TP, Metro Eth, MDU) ,
Giga-Ether over 150 Mbps per BTS
 Required necessarily optical fiber, but Radio
NLOS can be alternative for higher
capillarity
 New synchronism support (IEEE 1588,
SyncE)
 For CoMP, Latency must be below 1 ms
 New interface other than IP: CPRI
 Mobility device in idle state impacts the
relative load between layers and battery
consumption and frequency of handovers.
 Increase in handovers due to the small size
of the cells increases the risk of dropped
calls (Dropped Call Rate),
 Devices in connected state may need to HO
to a small cell and, if they are on different
frequencies, will need efficient scheme
discovery of small cell that minimizes the
impact on battery consumption.
 Traffic/Capacity balancing with several
resources and frequencies
 Small cell radius of coverage is reduced
compared to macro, it is necessary to locate
accurately the traffic sources;
 Site acquisition: Given the limitation on the
scope of the small cell, you have to know
exactly where the traffic is generated and
get the rights to install that exact spot.
 New types of leases should be developed.
 The way to optimize and operate should fit
depending less manual intervention.
Resources SON (Self Organizing Networks)
will be important to maintain a good
performance.
CPRI
Core Network
BBU 1
BBU N
BBU Hotel & C-RAN
LIPA/SIPTO
Local Cache
...
Firewall
Interference Control features, like:
ICIC , e-ICIC and CoMP and local
offload traffic
TRAFFIC DESNIFICIATION
Stadium, arenas and high
density traffic places
coverage for capacity
improvement
INTERFERENCE MITIGATION BACKHAUL MOBILITY MANAGEMENT OTHERS

13. ICIC (Inter Cell Interference Coordination)
3GPP Release 8
 Limited frequency domain interference information
exchange
 Primarily to help cell edge UEs
 Involves coordination between neighboring eNBs Using
the X2 interface
 ICIC related X2 messages are defined in standard A eNB
can use information provided by neighboring eNB During
its scheduling process
 Static and limited coordination
ICIC (INTER CELL INTERFERENCE COORDINATION) E-ICIC (ENHANCED ICIC) FE-ICIC (FURTHER ENHANCED ICIC)
HII (schedule RBX)
OI (Hi interference RBy)
X2
RBX
RNTP (High power RBx)
X2
RBX
3GPP Release 10
 Dynamic time domain interference coordination Based
on Almost Blank Subframes (ABS)
 ABS carries no data, only essential control information,
 Since most REs are blank (zero power), interference is
reduced.
 In macro-pico setup with CRE, macro is the aggressor
and pico is the victim
ABS Protected Subframe
Aggressor Cell Victim Cell
X2
Aggressor Cell Victim Cell
Identifies
interfered UE
Requests ABS
Configures
ABS
ABS Info
Measurement Subset Info
Uses ABS
and signals
Patern
X2
3GPP Release 11
 Enhanced transceiver signal processing for ABS
 Reduced power ABS
 Rx based Puncturing
 Rx based Interference Cancellation
 Tx based Muting
 Reduced Power ABS
X2
Victim Cell
P1 P2
Reduced Power ABS allows macro improving
performance by reducing power in subframe without
zero power for cell center macro UE.
Zero Power ABS Reduced Power ABS
X2
F1
F2
F3

14. Coordination Multi Point (CoMP)
h11
h12
h21
h22
𝒀 =
𝒉 𝟏𝟏 𝒉 𝟏𝟐
𝒉 𝟐𝟏 𝒉 𝟐𝟐
𝑿 + 𝑵
 Defined since Release 10
 Fundamental tool for increasing capacity
 Modes:
 Coordinated scheduling & Beamforming
 Joint processing/transmission
h11
h12
h21
h22
𝒀 =
𝒉 𝟏𝟏 𝒉 𝟏𝟐
𝒉 𝟐𝟏 𝒉 𝟐𝟐
𝑿 + 𝑵
X2
 By coordinating transmission and reception across geographically separated
locations (points) it is possible to enhance network performance
 This includes coordinated scheduling and beamforming as well as joint
reception
 Full performance requires baseband connection between points
Coordinated Scheduling &
Beamforming
X2
Join Processing Coherent transm. &
Non-Coherent
transm.
Instantaneous
Cell Selection
Intra-cell CoMP Inter-cell CoMP
X2
Smallcells
When the terminal is in the border may receive signal from
multiple stations in a coordinated manner
Effective interference control between cells
(inter-cell inerference))
Heterogeneous
Network
 Intra-Cell CoMP
 Inter-Cell: Higher RRH CoMP
 Inter-Cell: Lower RRH CoMP
MIMO + SON = COMP MIMO (CO-LOCATED TRANSMISSION) DOWNLINK COORDINATED MULTIPOINT
OPERATION MODES 3GPP TS 36.813 SCENARIOS
data

15. About
Future

16. LTE Advanced
ITU-R M.2034
Spectral Efficiency
DL 15 bits/Hz
UL 6.75 bits/Hz
Latency
User Plane < 10 ms
Control Plane < 100 ms
Bandwidth
ITU-R M.2034 40 MHz
ITU-R M.1645 100 MHz
ADVANCED
Coverage
Capacity
SmallCells
High order MIMO
Carrier Aggregation
Hetnet/CoMP
LTE
LTE –A
3GPP TR 36.913
3GPP
Release 8
3GPP
Release 10
RELEASE 8/9 RELEASE 10/11 RELEASE 12/13
20 MHz OFDM
SC-FDMA
DL 4x4 MIMO
SON, HeNB
Carrier Aggregation
UL 4x4 MIMO
DL/UL CoMP
HetNet (x4.33)
MU-MIMO (x1.14)
Small Cells Enh.
CoMP Enh.
FD-MIMO (x3.53)
DiverseTraffic Support
LTE Roadmap
Carrier Aggregation
Intra & Inter Band
Band X
Band y
Multihop
Relay
Multihop Relay
Smallcells Heterogeneous
Network
Colaboration MIMO
(CoMP) e HetNet
High Order DL-MIMO
& Advanced UL-MIMO
C-plane (RRC)
Phantom Celll
Macro
Cell F1
F2
F2>F1
U-plane
D2D
New Architecture

17. METIS PROJECT PREMISES (SOURCE: ETSI/ERICSSON) METIS: 29 PARTNERS
5G Vision and Timeframe
ITU-R´s docs paving way to 5G:
IMT.VISION (Deadline July 2015) - Title: “Framework and overall objectives of the
future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”
Objective: Defining the framework and overall objectives of IMT for
2020 and beyond to drive the future developments for IMT
IMT.FUTURE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS (Deadline Oct. 2014)
To provide a view of future IMT technology aspects 2015-2020 and beyond and to
provide information on trends of future IMT technology aspects
EU (Nov 2012)
China (Fev2013)
Korea (Jun 2013)
Japão (Out 2013)
2020 and
Beyond Adhoc
Exploratory Research Pre-standardization Standardization activities Trials and Commercialization
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
WRC15WRC12 WRC19
Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society

18. METIS SCENARIOS AND TEST CASESHORIZONTAL TOPICS
Technical Solutions
Device-to-Device (D2D)
Ultra Reliable Communications (URC)
Ultra Dense Networks (UDN)
Moving Networks (MN)
Massive Machine Communications (MMC)
Unique Expertise
allowing to
 Conduct fundamental
research at early point
 Identify where a
revolution or evolution
from LTE-A is needed
Concepts & Technology
solutions for “5G” to
 Meet diverse
requirements of future
services
 Connect diverse devices
 Support 1000 X traffic
increase
Consensus & Global
strategy to
 Ensure leadership in
future communications
system
 Ensure early global
consensus
About METIS
Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society
Source: http://www.metis2020.com/
Lay the foundation & Ensure a global forum & Build an early global consensus for beyond 2020 “5G” mobile & wireless communications
Efficiency to allow for a constant growth in capacity
at acceptable overall cost and energy dissipation
Scalability to respond to a wide range of requirements
regardless of the traffic amount (low or high)
Versatility to support a significant diverse requirements
(Availability, Mobility, QoS) and use cases

19. 5G Potential Technologies
1=0º
1=45º
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180
...
p1
p2
pN

 Native M2M support
 A massive number of connected devices
with low throughput;
 Low latency
 Low power and battery consumption
hnm
h21
h12
h11
 Higher MIMO order: 8X8 or more
 System capacity increases in fucntion of
number of antennas
 Spatial-temporal modulation schemes
 SINR optimization
 Beamforming
 Enables systems that illuminate and at the
same time provide broadband wireless data
connectivity
 Transmitters: Uses off-the-shelf white light
emitting diodes (LEDs) used for solid-state
lighting (SSL);
 Receivers: Off-the-shelf p-intrinsic-n (PIN)
photodiodes (PDs) or aval anche photo-diodes
(APDs)
C-plane (RRC)
Phantom Celll
Macro
Cell
F1
F2
F2>F1
U-plane
D2D
 Phantom Cell based architecture
 Control Plane uses macro network
 User Plane is Device to Device (D2D) in
another frequency such as mm-Wave and
high order modulation (256 QAM).
Net
Radio
Core
Cache
 Access Network Caching
 Network Virtualization Function
 Cloud-RAN
 Dynamic and Elastic Network
 Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) :
Potential extension to OFDM ;
 Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC): Access
sporadic, short bursts, increased
robustness, support QAM ​​symbols and
minimization problems offset;
sustainability fragmented spectra.
 High modulation constellation
MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION COGITIVE RADIO NETWORKS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION
DEVICE-CENTRIC ARCHITECTURE NATIVE SUPPORT FOR M2M CLOUD NETWORK & CACHE NEW MODULATION SCHEME
5G Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for
Asynchronous Signalling (5GNOW)
 New protocol for shared spectrum
rational use
 Mitigate and avoid interference by
surrounding radio environment and
regulate its transmission accordingly.
 In interference-free CR networks, CR
users are allowed to borrow spectrum
resources only when licensed users do
not use them.

20. Alberto Boaventura
alberto@oi.net.br
+55 21 98875 4998
THANKS!
OBRIGADO!