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www.all4inc.com
Philadelphia | 610.933.5246
Atlanta | 678.460.0324
Houston | 281.937.7553
Understanding the Role of
Air Quality Modeling in
Environmental Compliance
Mark Wenclawiak, CCM| mwenclawiak@all4inc.com | 678-460-0324
February 10, 2015
Presented to The American Society of Safety Engineers
Augusta/Aiken Chapter
by All4 Inc.
2 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Agenda
 What are air quality models?
 Why do we perform air quality modeling?
 What goes into an air quality model?
 Questions and answers
3 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
ALL4
 Environmental consulting firm
 Founded 2002 – currently 40+ employees
 Offices in Philadelphia, Atlanta, Houston
 Specialize in air quality consulting
• Complex air permitting and strategy development
• Air dispersion modeling
• Ambient air quality monitoring
 Dispersion modeling as a company-wide initiative
 www.all4inc.com
4 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
The Old Days of Modeling
What Are Air Quality
Models?
6 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Air Quality Models
 Models are predictive tools
• Past performance is not a predictor of future results
 Mathematical and numerical techniques to
simulate the physical and chemical processes that
affect air pollutants as they disperse and react in
the atmosphere
• Conservative assumptions
7 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Dispersion is Complex
8 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Models and the Real World…
 Speaking of complex…how do you model this?
9 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Types of Air Quality Models
 Screening
 Refined
 Photochemical
 Long-range transport
 Mobile sources
 U.S. EPA’s preferred/recommended models
• 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix W
Why Do We Model?
11 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
 Support air permit applications
• Construction projects
• GEPD and SCDHEC air toxics analyses
 Conduct risk assessments
• Human health and environmental impacts
 Play detective (forensics evaluations)
• Nuisance dusts and odor complaints
 Proactively evaluate compliance
• Facility expansions
• Preparing for upcoming regulations
Modeling is Performed to…
What Goes Into an Air
Quality Model?
13 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
 Emissions information
 Meteorological data
 Building dimensions
 Topography
 Agency-approved protocol
Data Input
14 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Data Input
Hourly Data
Wind Speed
Wind Direction
Ambient Temperature
Land Use Patterns
Topography
Building Dimensions
Stack Dimensions
Exhaust Velocity
Exhaust Temperature
Emission Rates
Predicted Ground Level
Ambient
Concentrations
Beware – Garbage In, Garbage Out!
15 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
 Short-term emission rates
 Exhaust (stack) characteristics
 May or may not be readily available
Emissions Information
16 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
 Surface data and upper air data
 National Weather Service or on-site data
• Not your Sky Mall weather station
Meteorological Data
17 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Meteorological Data
18 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Meteorological Data
19 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Meteorological Data
AERMOD
Interface
Vertical profiles of wind speed
Lateral and vertical turbulent fluctuations
Potential temperature gradient
Potential temperature
AERMET
Albedo
Surface Roughness
Bowen Ratio
Surface
Characteristics
Calculates
Gaussian
Equation for
Estimating
Dispersion
Wind Speed
Wind Direction
Temperature
Cloud Cover
Meteorological
Observations
Friction Velocity
Monin-Obukhov Length
Convective Velocity Scale
Temperature Scale
Mixing Height
Surface Heat Flux
Planetary Boundary
Layer Parameters
20 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
 Horizontal dimensions
 Building height
• Tiers
Building Dimensions
21 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Building Downwash
22 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Building Downwash
23 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
 Terrain elevation
 Land use
 From these, develop a receptor grid
• Exclude onsite receptors
Topography
24 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
 Typical receptor grid spacing:
• 100 meters out to 2 kilometers
• 200 meters out to 5 kilometers
• 500 meters out to 10 kilometers
• 25 meter spacing along fenceline, assuming that only
offsite receptors are being modeled
 Public access must be restricted in some way
(e.g., fence, armed guards, attack dogs, moat) in
order for onsite receptors to be disregarded in
the modeling analysis
Receptor Grid
25 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Receptor Grid
26 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
Don’t Forget Background Data!
188
NO21-hourConcentration(µg/m3)
80
NAAQS
Level
Monitored
Background Value
108 µg/m3 available
for modeling
27 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.
 All4 Inc.
 GEPD
• http://www.georgiaair.org/airpermit/html/sspp/mode
ling.htm
 SCDHEC
• http://www.scdhec.gov/Environment/AirQuality/Com
plianceandReporting/AirDispersionModeling/
 U.S
• http://www.epa.gov/scram001/
Resources and Guidance
www.all4inc.com
Philadelphia | 610.933.5246
Atlanta | 678.460.0324
Houston | 281.937.7553
Questions & Open Discussions

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Understanding the Role of Air Quality Modeling in Environmental Compliance

  • 1. www.all4inc.com Philadelphia | 610.933.5246 Atlanta | 678.460.0324 Houston | 281.937.7553 Understanding the Role of Air Quality Modeling in Environmental Compliance Mark Wenclawiak, CCM| mwenclawiak@all4inc.com | 678-460-0324 February 10, 2015 Presented to The American Society of Safety Engineers Augusta/Aiken Chapter by All4 Inc.
  • 2. 2 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Agenda  What are air quality models?  Why do we perform air quality modeling?  What goes into an air quality model?  Questions and answers
  • 3. 3 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. ALL4  Environmental consulting firm  Founded 2002 – currently 40+ employees  Offices in Philadelphia, Atlanta, Houston  Specialize in air quality consulting • Complex air permitting and strategy development • Air dispersion modeling • Ambient air quality monitoring  Dispersion modeling as a company-wide initiative  www.all4inc.com
  • 4. 4 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. The Old Days of Modeling
  • 5. What Are Air Quality Models?
  • 6. 6 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Air Quality Models  Models are predictive tools • Past performance is not a predictor of future results  Mathematical and numerical techniques to simulate the physical and chemical processes that affect air pollutants as they disperse and react in the atmosphere • Conservative assumptions
  • 7. 7 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Dispersion is Complex
  • 8. 8 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Models and the Real World…  Speaking of complex…how do you model this?
  • 9. 9 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Types of Air Quality Models  Screening  Refined  Photochemical  Long-range transport  Mobile sources  U.S. EPA’s preferred/recommended models • 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix W
  • 10. Why Do We Model?
  • 11. 11 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.  Support air permit applications • Construction projects • GEPD and SCDHEC air toxics analyses  Conduct risk assessments • Human health and environmental impacts  Play detective (forensics evaluations) • Nuisance dusts and odor complaints  Proactively evaluate compliance • Facility expansions • Preparing for upcoming regulations Modeling is Performed to…
  • 12. What Goes Into an Air Quality Model?
  • 13. 13 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.  Emissions information  Meteorological data  Building dimensions  Topography  Agency-approved protocol Data Input
  • 14. 14 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Data Input Hourly Data Wind Speed Wind Direction Ambient Temperature Land Use Patterns Topography Building Dimensions Stack Dimensions Exhaust Velocity Exhaust Temperature Emission Rates Predicted Ground Level Ambient Concentrations Beware – Garbage In, Garbage Out!
  • 15. 15 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.  Short-term emission rates  Exhaust (stack) characteristics  May or may not be readily available Emissions Information
  • 16. 16 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.  Surface data and upper air data  National Weather Service or on-site data • Not your Sky Mall weather station Meteorological Data
  • 17. 17 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Meteorological Data
  • 18. 18 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Meteorological Data
  • 19. 19 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Meteorological Data AERMOD Interface Vertical profiles of wind speed Lateral and vertical turbulent fluctuations Potential temperature gradient Potential temperature AERMET Albedo Surface Roughness Bowen Ratio Surface Characteristics Calculates Gaussian Equation for Estimating Dispersion Wind Speed Wind Direction Temperature Cloud Cover Meteorological Observations Friction Velocity Monin-Obukhov Length Convective Velocity Scale Temperature Scale Mixing Height Surface Heat Flux Planetary Boundary Layer Parameters
  • 20. 20 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.  Horizontal dimensions  Building height • Tiers Building Dimensions
  • 21. 21 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Building Downwash
  • 22. 22 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Building Downwash
  • 23. 23 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.  Terrain elevation  Land use  From these, develop a receptor grid • Exclude onsite receptors Topography
  • 24. 24 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.  Typical receptor grid spacing: • 100 meters out to 2 kilometers • 200 meters out to 5 kilometers • 500 meters out to 10 kilometers • 25 meter spacing along fenceline, assuming that only offsite receptors are being modeled  Public access must be restricted in some way (e.g., fence, armed guards, attack dogs, moat) in order for onsite receptors to be disregarded in the modeling analysis Receptor Grid
  • 25. 25 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Receptor Grid
  • 26. 26 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business. Don’t Forget Background Data! 188 NO21-hourConcentration(µg/m3) 80 NAAQS Level Monitored Background Value 108 µg/m3 available for modeling
  • 27. 27 Your environmental compliance is clearly our business.  All4 Inc.  GEPD • http://www.georgiaair.org/airpermit/html/sspp/mode ling.htm  SCDHEC • http://www.scdhec.gov/Environment/AirQuality/Com plianceandReporting/AirDispersionModeling/  U.S • http://www.epa.gov/scram001/ Resources and Guidance
  • 28. www.all4inc.com Philadelphia | 610.933.5246 Atlanta | 678.460.0324 Houston | 281.937.7553 Questions & Open Discussions